TABLE 1. Table of measurements of the major elements of LF 1370. *The 4th wing phalanx is incomplete and was 27 mm as preserved, the value given here is an estimate based on its taper.
Element | Length (to the nearest mm) |
Cranium | 109 |
Mandible | 87 |
Humerus | 42 |
Radius / Ulna | 55 |
Wing metacarpal | 24 |
Wing phalanx 1 | 44 |
Wing phalanx 2 | 48 |
Wing phalanx 3 | 46 |
Wing phalanx 4 | 44* |
Femur | 38 |
Tibia | 46 |
Longest Metatarsal | 14 |
TABLE 2. Sizes of non-pterodactyloid monofenestratan pterosaurs. All lengths are in mm. The wingspan is taken as twice the length of the humerus, radius or ulna, wing metacarpal and wing phalanges 1-4. These specimens are ordered by wingspan. Some elements were missing and were estimated using the following sources scaling from the total wingspan measured from all the other elements: Chanchengopterus wing phalanx 4, Propterodactylus wing phalanx 3, and Wukongopterus wing phalanx 1 estimated from Darwinopterus modularis. K. antipollicatus ulna estimated from K. sinensis. D. camposi skull length estimate from Cheng et al., 2025 and Skiphosoura from Hone et al., 2024. Douzhanopterus has several wing elements that are slightly incomplete and so would likely have been larger than D. modularis.
Taxon | Wingspan | Skull length |
Humerus length |
Ontogenetic status | Geological Formation | Source |
Chanchengopterus pani | 392* | ? | 26 | Incomplete maturity | Tiaojishan Formation | Lü, 2009 |
Propterodactylus | 540* | 84 | 34 | Juvenile | Solnhofen region | Spindler, 2024 |
Wukongopterus lii | 588* | ? | 37 | Incomplete maturity | Daohugou (Tiaojishan) Formation | Wang et al., 2009 |
Makrodactylus oligodontus | 606 | 109 | 42 | Osteologically adult | Mörnsheim Formation | This study |
Darwinopterus linglongtaensis | 654 | 119 | 40 | Incomplete maturity | Tiaojishan Formation | Wang et al., 2010 |
Kunpengopterus antipollacatus | 670* | 140 | 55 | Osteologically adult | Tiaojishan Formation | Zhou et al., 2021 |
Douzhanopterus zhengi | 694 | ? | 49 | Osteologically adult | Tiaojishan Formation | Wang et al., 2017 |
Darwinopterus modularis | 698 | 132 | 44 | Incomplete maturity | Tiaojishan Formation | Lü et al., 2010 |
Darwinopterus camposi | 712 | 130* | 45 | Osteologically adult | Tiaojishan Formation | Cheng et al., 2025 |
Kunpengopterus sinensis | 790 | ? | 43 | Osteologically adult | Tiaojishan Formation | Cheng et al., 2017 |
Darwinopterus robustodens | 884 | 175 | 50 | Incomplete maturity | Tiaojishan Formation | Lü et al., 2011 |
“Rhamphodactylus” | 998 | ? | 71 | ? | Mörnsheim Formation | Rauhut, 2012 |
Skiphosoura bavarica | 1742 | 330* | 111 | Osteologically adult | Mörnsheim Formation | Hone et al., 2024 |