FIGURE 1. Geographic context. A) Location map of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico; B) Location of the Loltún cave in the state of Yucatán; C) General plan of Loltún (based on Arroyo-Cabrales and Álvarez (1990); D) Huechil Cavity and “El Toro” stratigraphic unit.
FIGURE 2. Stratigraphic column (redrawn from Álvarez and Polaco, 1982) of El Toro Unit, Loltún cave, Yucatán peninsula. H 11-14, excavation boxes. The stratigraphic layer with Cuvieronius hyodon remains is represented by the magenta star.
FIGURE 3. Bone and dental remains of Cuvieronius hyodon from the Loltún cave, with biotraces assigned to Cubiculum ornatus: A) limb remains (CINAHY:LOLTUN(P):1978.2.1) [1) pyramidal (carpal bone); 2-4) unidentified limb bones; 5) left calcareous; 6-8) unidentified limb bones; 9) humerus right; 10) humerus left; 11-13) unidentified limb bones]; B) cranial elements (CINAHY:LOLTUN(P):1978.2.1): [14-16) dental fragment (dentin); 17) mandibular fragment]; C) remains of C. hyodon from the Canton Palace collection: MM1988.33:1 (10-347041INV) [18) left tusk]; and MM1998-33:3(10-347042INV) [19) right first rib]. Tunnels (t), lateral growth notches (ln), holes (h), deep notches (dn), filled notches (fn). Scale bar equals 5 cm.
FIGURE 4. Bioerosive structures of Cubiculum ornatus in fossil bones of Cuvieronius hyodon (CINAHY:LOLTUN(P):1978.2.1) from the Loltún Cave interpreted as tunnels (red arrows): A) bone remain No. 3 (unidentified limb bone 2), A’) magnified view of tunnel of A (red arrow); B) bone remain No. 28 (unidentified limb bone 20); C) bone remain No. 21 (unidentified limb bone 13); D) bone remain No. 5 (left calcaneus). A’, B’, C’, and D’, represent magnified view of traces (red arrow) illustrated in figures A, B, C, and D respectively. Scale bar in the images A, B, C, and D equals 5 cm; scale bar in the images A’, B’, C’, and D’ equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 5. Bioerosive structures of Cubiculum ornatus in fossil bones of Cuvieronius hyodon (CINAHY:LOLTUN(P):1978.2.1) from the Loltún Cave. Lateral growth notches (Lgn): A) bone remain No. 13 (unidentified limb bone 9); B) bone remain No. 28 (unidentified limb bone 20); C) bone remain No. 4 (unidentified limb bone 12). A’, B’, and C’, represent magnified view of traces (red arrow) illustrated in figures A, B, and C respectively. Scale bar in the images A, B, C, and D equals 5 cm; scale bar in the images A’, B’, C’, and D’ equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 6. Bioerosive structures of Cubiculum ornatus in fossil bones of Cuvieronius hyodon (CINAHY:LOLTUN(P):1978.2.1) from the Loltún Cave. Deep notches (Dn): A) bone remain No. 22 (unidentified limb bone 14); B) bone remain No. 2 (unidentified limb bone I); C) bone remain No. 11 (Unidentified limb bone 5); D) bone remain No. 29 (mandible fragment III). A’, B’, C’, and D’, represent magnified view of traces (red arrow) illustrated in figures A, B, C, and D, respectively. Scale bar in the images A, B, C, and D equals 5 cm; scale bar in the images A’, B’, C’ and D’ equals 1 cm.
FIGURE 7. Bioerosive structures of Cubiculum ornatus in fossil bones of Cuvieronius hyodon (CINAHY:LOLTUN(P):1978.2.1) from the Loltún Cave. Hole (H): A) bone remain No. 26 (unidentified limb bone 8); B) bone remain No. 30 (unidentified limb bone 6); C) bone remain No. 3 (unidentified limb bone 2). A’, B’, and C’, represent magnified view of traces (red arrow) illustrated in figures A, B, and C, respectively. Scale bar in the images A, B and C equals 5 cm; scale bar in the images A’, B’, and C’ equals 1 cm.
