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MUSCULATURE
Jaw Muscles
 Table 1 summarises all major jaw closing and opening muscle groups associated with Sphenodon. Brief descriptions of the main function of each individual muscle group are presented in
Table 1, but for a comprehensive review of muscle function and anatomy see
Jones et al. (2009).
Figure 1 presents all adductor muscles covered in this paper, while Figures 2 - 12 each represent select groups of muscles, as identified in
Table 1.
Neck Muscles
Portions of some neck muscles extend between neighbouring vertebrae and provide stability for the axial skeleton (e.g.,
Byerly 1925;
Gasc 1981;
Tsuihiji 2005,
2007); however, it is only the sections of the muscle that extend anteriorly and attach directly to the skull that will be considered here.
Table 2 lists these neck muscles along with their main contribution towards head movements.
Figure 13 presents all neck muscles in Sphenodon, while Figures 14 - 20 represent select groups of neck muscles, as identified in
Table 2.
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