FIGURE 1. Ranges of extant genera in 1 - Atherospermataceae and 2 - Monimiaceae. Extant ranges are indicated by blue fill, and red stars indicate the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco and middle Eocene Río Pichileufú fossil localities, from which Atherospermophyllum guinazui (Berry) comb. nov. and Monimiophyllum callidentatum sp. nov. are here reported. The living ranges of Laurelia-Laureliopsis in South America are close to but do not include the fossil sites, which are located slightly to their east.
FIGURE 2. Species character scores for Atherospermataceae, including the fossil Atherospermophyllum guinazui, comb. nov., plotted against a molecular phylogeny for the family (redrawn from Renner et al., 2000). Characters as numbered across the top of the plot correspond to Appendix 2. Circles indicate discrete (presence/absence) characters, white = absent, black = present, half-filled = both absent and present in the species. Squares indicate continuous characters, filled when the scored range of the living species includes the range scored for A. guinazui. Based on these scores, percent similarity of each living species to the fossil species A. guinazui is plotted in the bar graph at right.
FIGURE 3. Species character scores for Monimiaceae, including the fossil Monimiophyllum callidentatum, sp. nov., plotted against a molecular phylogeny for the family (redrawn from Renner et al., 2010), including unscored taxa. Summary scores for additional taxa (not analyzed by Renner et al., 2010) shown in Table 5, Appendix 4, and Appendix 5. Characters numbered across the top of the plot correspond to Appendix 3. Circles indicate discrete (presence/absence) characters, white = absent, black = present, half-filled = both absent and present in the species. Squares indicate continuous characters, filled when the character range of the living species includes the range exhibited by M. callidentatum. Based on these scores, percent similarity of each living species to the fossil species M. callidentatum is plotted in the bar graph at right. Black bars = toothed species, white bars = untoothed species.
FIGURE 4. Atherospermophyllum guinazui (Berry), comb. nov. 1 - Lectotype, USNM 40403a, from Río Pichileufú (RP); 2 - camera lucida drawing of USNM 40403a, showing venation and tooth details; 3 - USNM 40403b (syntype); 4 - camera lucida drawing of USNM 40403b. Selected new specimens of A. guinazui: 5 - MPEF-Pb 5639 (Laguna del Hunco, LH); 6 - MPEF-Pb 5650 (LH); 7 - MPEF-Pb 5640 (LH); 8 - BAR 4732 (RP); 9 - MPEF-Pb 5648 (LH); 10 - MPEF-Pb 5636 (LH). All scale bars are 1 cm. Also visible on USNM 40403a is extensive insect hole and margin feeding and skeletonization.
FIGURE 5. Atherospermophyllum guinazui (Berry), comb. nov., venation (1, 3, 5) and tooth (2, 4, 6) details. 1 and 2 - USNM 40403a (lectotype, Río Pichileufú); 3 and 4 - MPEF-Pb 5639 (Laguna del Hunco, LH); and 5 and 6 - MPEF-Pb 5641 (LH). Scale bar is 1 cm for 1, 3, and 5, and 1 mm for 2, 4, and 6.
FIGURE 6. Atherospermophyllum guinazui (Berry), comb. nov., exemplars and visual comparisons to living Atherospermataceae species (Figure 2, Table 4). The left column (1-3) shows fossil specimens (Figure 4), and the four other columns, left to right, each show herbarium specimens of Daphnandra apatela (4-6), Doryphora sassafras (7-9), Laureliopsis philippiana (10-12), and Laurelia sempervirens (13-15). Fossil specimens: 1 – MPEF-Pb 5639 (LH); 2 – USNM 40403a (lectotype, RP); and 3 – MPEF-Pb 5650 (LH). Examples of living Daphnandra apatela: 4 – NSW 67890, C. Moore 167, Richmond River, NSW, Australia; 5 –CANB 128677, R. Schodde 3366, Sarabah Range, Qld., Australia; and 6 – NSW 102541, R. Schodde 5123, Doyle's River State Forest, NSW, Australia. Doryphora sassafras: 7 – NSW 67954, F. M. Bailey, NSW, Australia; 8 – NSW 69329, R. Schodde 3199, Williams River, NSW, Australia; and 9 – CANB 00467700, P. Martensz 222, Mt. Keira, NSW, Australia. Laureliopsis philippiana: 10 – NSW 67915, A. Castellanos, Lago Menéndez, Argentina; 11 – NSW s/n, B.J. Wallace 239/85; and 12 – NSW 67915, A. Castellanos, Lago Menéndez, Argentina. Laurelia sempervirens: 13 – GH s/n, T. Plowman 2618, Isla Tenglo, Chile; 14 – GH s/n, A.L. Cabrera 6026, Laguna Frias, Argentina; and 15 – NSW 618673, J. Allen s/n, cultivated, Mt. Tomah, NSW, Australia. Scale bars are 1 cm.
FIGURE 7. Monimiophyllum callidentatum, sp. nov., holotype, MPEF-Pb 5630 (Laguna del Hunco), part and counterpart (1 and 2), and details of the toothed margin (3) and the base (4). Note the deep midvein impression visible on the counterpart. Scale bar is 1 cm for 1 and 2, and 1 mm for 3 and 4.
FIGURE 8. Monimiophyllum callidentatum, sp. nov., holotype and visual comparisons to living Monimiaceae species (Figure 3, Table 5). The left-most image shows the fossil specimen (Figure 7; part), and all other images show herbarium specimens. 1 – M. callidentatum holotype from Laguna del Hunco, MPEF-Pb 5630; 2 – Wilkiea hugeliana, C.L. Knight 22, Gibbergunya Range Road near Bigbox Road, Border Ranges N.P., NSW, Australia; 3 – Kairoa suberosa, CANB 204095, R. Schodde 5412, Mt. Moiba, Papua, Indonesia; 4 – Austromatthaea elegans, CANB 128486, R. Schodde 3233, Davies Creek Forestry Reserve, Queensland, Australia; 5 – Hedycarya cupulata, NSW s/n, G. McPherson 2426, Thy River Basin, New Caledonia; 6 – Wilkiea rigidifolia, CANB 173624, R. Pullen 7231, Western District, Papua New Guinea; 7 – Macropeplus ligustrinus, P 02005903, R. M. Harley 25112, Minas Gerais, Brazil (downloaded image, used with permission). Scale bars are 1 cm.
