Artificial bivalves: Tables

author

TABLE 1. Genetic parameters from which the shell morphology was generated. Parameters 1-10 defined the overall shape of the shell, parameters 11-14 the surface sculpture. The shape of the aperture curve used 8 parameters, see Figure 2.3. For the effect of parameters λ, q, f_r and f_c, see Figure 3. By reducing parameter a from 1 to 0, the sculptures of the sculptured examples in Figure 3 would be linearly reduced to a smooth surface.


	Variable	Range	Parameter description
1	α_h	[30°, 120°]	hinge angle
2	r_h	[0, 1]	hinge radius
3	α₃	[0°, 360° –α_h]	angle of 3^rd control point
4	r₃	[0, 1]	radius of 3^rd control point
5	α₄	[0°, 360° –α_h]	angle of 4^th control point
6	r₄	[0, 1]	radius of 4^th control point
7	α₅	[0°, 360° –α_h]	angle of 5^th control point
8	r₅	[0, 1]	radius of 5^th control point
9	λ	[1.00339, 1.04086]	growth scaling factor
10	ϑ	[0°, 90°]	shell rotation towards anterior
11	q	[0, 1]	radial/commarginal mixture
12	a	[0, 1]	sculpture amplitude
13	f_r	[10..100]	radial ridge frequency
14	f_c	[18..180]	commarginal ridge frequency

TABLE 2. Phenotypic (morphometric) parameters. In addition to the parameters listed in Table 1 that were used to generate the shells, we used this set of phenotypic parameters computed from the final shells to find possible correlations with the fitness.


	Variable	Unit/Range	Parameter description
1	L	[mm]	length, dimension parallel to hinge axis
2	H	[mm]	height, dimension orthogonal to length
3	B	[mm]	broadness, dimension orthogonal to burrowing direction
4	T	[mm]	tallness, dim. parallel to burrowing direction
5	J	[mm]	major axis length, largest diameter
6	N	[mm]	minor axis length, dimension orthogonal to major axis
7	W	[mm]	width, dimension orthogonal to aperture plane (over both valves)
8	l_A	[mm]	aperture curve length, circumference of aperture
9	A_A	[mm²]	aperture area
10	γ	[0, 1]	non-convexity, part of aperture area bending inwards
11	p_u	[0, 1]	relative umbo position (along L)
12	p_c	[0, 1]	relative centre position (along L)
13	S₁	[0, 1]	streamlining, (Watters, 1993, based on L and H)
14	S₂	[0, 1]	streamlining, (Watters, 1993, based on B and T)
15	S₃	[0, 1]	streamlining, average angle between faces and burrowing direction

TABLE 3. Correlations of genetic and phenotypic parameters and the burrowing depth D with fitness (original and shift 2, see Figure 6). We computed Pearson and Spearman correlation. The p-values and the correlation coefficients r are given.


	Pearson correlation				Spearman correlation
	Fitness (orig.)		Fitness (shift 2)		Fitness (orig.)		Fitness (shift 2)
Variable	p-value	r	p-value	r	p-value	r	p-value	r
D – T	3E-40	0.92	4E-29	0.85	0	0.84	6E-08	0.52
T	2E-14	-0.68	0	-0.73	5E-03	-0.28	5E-03	-0.28
L	3E-10	-0.58	7E-12	-0.62	0.14	-0.15	0.18	-0.14
S₂	6E-10	-0.57	2E-11	-0.62	9E-03	-0.26	9E-03	-0.26
l_A	4E-08	-0.52	2E-09	-0.56	2E-04	-0.37	1E-04	-0.38
p_c	5E-08	0.52	8E-10	0.57	0.3	0.11	0.3	0.1
f_r	6E-08	0.51	6E-09	0.55	0.55	0.06	0.93	0.01
S₁	9E-07	-0.47	1E-07	-0.5	0.19	-0.13	0.21	-0.13
α₅	1E-06	-0.47	2E-08	-0.53	0.06	-0.19	0.03	-0.22
α₄	2E-06	-0.46	2E-08	-0.53	0.01	-0.26	2E-03	-0.31
S₃	5E-06	0.44	2E-06	0.46	0.25	0.12	0.15	0.15
r₄	2E-05	0.42	7E-07	0.48	0.38	0.09	0.17	0.14
γ	5E-05	-0.4	5E-06	-0.44	0.06	0.19	0.02	0.24
r_h	1E-04	0.37	2E-06	0.46	2E-03	0.31	4E-06	0.45
α₃	4E-04	0.35	3E-05	0.41	0.44	-0.08	0.37	-0.09
J	5E-04	-0.35	2E-04	-0.37	3E-03	-0.3	2E-03	-0.31
B	1E-03	0.33	5E-04	0.35	0.48	0.07	0.49	0.07
H	1E-03	0.33	5E-04	0.35	0.68	0.04	0.76	0.03
q	4E-03	-0.29	8E-04	-0.33	0.07	0.18	3E-03	0.3
r₃	6E-03	0.28	2E-03	0.31	0.86	0.02	0.72	-0.04
λ	0.02	0.24	0.01	0.25	0.45	-0.08	0.23	-0.12
D	0.03	0.23	0.01	0.26	7E-07	0.48	2E-04	0.37
a	0.03	-0.22	0.02	-0.24	2E-04	-0.37	1E-06	-0.47
ϑ	0.04	0.21	6E-03	0.28	0.46	-0.08	0.39	-0.09
A_A	0.04	-0.21	0.04	-0.21	0.03	-0.22	0.04	-0.2
N	0.08	-0.18	0.05	-0.2	0.41	-0.08	0.41	-0.08
α_h	0.22	-0.13	0.3	-0.11	0.28	0.11	0.04	0.21
r₅	0.24	-0.12	0.26	-0.11	0.02	-0.23	0.03	-0.22
p_u	0.27	0.11	0.2	0.13	0.02	-0.24	3E-03	-0.3
f_c	0.38	0.09	0.18	0.14	0.2	-0.13	0.06	-0.19
W	0.48	-0.07	0.42	-0.08	0.12	0.16	0.11	0.16

{{{_source.title}}} {{#_source.showPrice}} {{{_source.displayPrice}}} {{/_source.showPrice}}

Article Search

Artificial bivalves: Tables