Five new species from the subfamily Entiminae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Dominican amber
Article number: 20.2.21A
https://doi.org/10.26879/698
Copyright Palaeontological Association, May 2017
Author biographies
Plain-language and multi-lingual abstracts
PDF version
Submission: 10 July 2016. Acceptance: 1 May 2017
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ABSTRACT
Five new species of Entiminae weevils are described from Dominican amber: Diaprepes squamula sp. nov., resembling D. famelicus (Olivier, 1790) from the West Indies; Lachnopus serraticrus sp. nov., resembling L. acuticollis (Gyllenhal, 1834) from Cuba and L. proteus (Olivier, 1807) from Hispaniola in the tribe Eustylini; Apodrosus tinctocorpus sp. nov., resembling A. andersoni Girón and Franz, 2010 and A. quisqueyanus Girón and Franz, 2010 from Hispaniola; Apodrosus canalinasus sp. nov., resembling A. viridium Girón and Franz, 2010 from Hispaniola in the tribe Polydrusini; and Promecops divarichela sp. nov., resembling P. uniformis Champion, 1911 from Guatemala and P. alternans Champion, 1911 from Central America in the tribe Eudiagogini. These are the first descriptions of representatives of the genera Apodrosus, Diaprepes, and Lachnopus in Dominican amber.
George Poinar, Jr. Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA. poinarg@science.oregonstate.edu
Andrei A. Legalov. Laboratory of Phylogeny and Faunogenesis, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze street, 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia. fossilweevils@gmail.com
Keywords: Curculionoidea; Apodrosus; Promecops; Diaprepes, Lachnopus; new species; Tertiary weevils
Final citation: Poinar, George Jr. and Legalov, Andrei A. 2017. Five new species from the subfamily Entiminae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Dominican amber. Palaeontologia Electronica 20.2.21A: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.26879/698
palaeo-electronica.org/content/2017/1799-new-entiminae-in-amber
http://zoobank.org/826DC223-3C83-4FF5-9C8E-CE567C59CA51
INTRODUCTION
Curculionidae is one of the most speciose and widespread beetle families. Weevils play important roles in various ecosystems. The oldest weevils are known from the Aptian of Mongolia (Legalov, 2014), but they become more diverse during the Upper Cretaceous (Legalov, 2012). The subfamily Entiminae is one of the largest among the weevils. In this group, there was an expansion of trophic relationships that resulted in the larvae developing on plant roots in the soil near the roots and the loss of a number of specific features in the imago. The earliest fossil Entiminae was described from Lower Eocene Fushun amber (Hong, 2002). During the Eocene, this group developed in both sedimentary deposits and amber (Yunakov and Kirejtshuk, 2011; Legalov, 2015). Only two species from the tribes Eudiagogini and Naupactini have been described previously from Dominican amber (Poinar and Brown, 2011; Poinar et al., 2013). The present study describes an additional five species in the tribes Eustylini, Polydrusini, and Eudiagogini, thus expanding our knowledge of the Neotropical fauna of this subfamily.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The specimens were obtained from mines in the Cordillera Septentrional of the Dominican Republic. Dating of Dominican amber is still controversial, with the latest purposed age of 20-15 mya based on foraminifera (Iturralde-Vinent and MacPhee, 1996) and the earliest as 45-30 mya based on coccoliths (Schlee, 1990). In addition, Dominican amber is secondarily deposited in sedimentary rocks, which makes a definite age determination difficult (Poinar and Mastalerz, 2000). A range of ages for Dominican amber is possible as the amber is associated with turbiditic sandstones of the Upper Eocene to Lower Miocene Mamey Group (Draper et al., 1994). Dominican amber was produced by the leguminous tree, Hymenaea protera Poinar, 1991 and a reconstruction of the Dominican amber forest based on amber fossils indicated that the environment was similar to that of a present-day tropical moist forest (Poinar and Poinar, 1999). Observations and photographs were made with a Nikon SMZ-10 stereoscopic microscope (Tokyo, Japan) and Zeiss Stemi 2000-C binocular microscope (Jena, Germany). Helicon Focus Pro X64 (New York, USA) was used to stack photos for better clarity and depth of field.
SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY
Tribe EUSTYLINI Lacordaire, 1863
Genus DIAPREPES Schoenherr, 1823
Diaprepes squamula sp. nov.
Figure 1, Figure 2
zoobank.org/198C4775-FB64-4047-821F-1F44799C7062
Holotype. Deposited in the American Museum of Natural History (New York, USA) (AMNH no. DR-10-992).
Description. The specimen is complete. Body length (without rostrum), 9.0 mm; rostrum length, 0.6 mm. Body black, with dense light, rounded, and appressed scales.
Head 1.2x as long as rostrum, not constricted behind eye; rostrum almost straight, short, 0.5x as long as pronotum, 0.9x as narrow as wide at apex, 1.1x as wide as wide in middle and at base, densely punctate; lateral margins of rostrum weak widened to eyes; epistoma indistinct; forehead quite narrow, narrower than rostrum base width, flattened; eyes large, convex, rounded; temples quite short, 0.7x as long as eye; antennal scrobes reaching lower margin of eye; pterygia dorso-lateral; geniculate antennae long, inserted in apical third of rostrum, reaching base of elytra; antennomeres almost conical; 1st antennomere (scape) 7.3x longer than wide, reaching base of eye; 2nd-4th antennomeres subequal in width; 2nd antennomere 3.7x longer than wide, 0.5x as long as 1st antennomere; 3rd antennomere 4.0x longer than wide, 1.1x as long as 2nd antennomere; 4th antennomere 2.3x longer than wide, 0.6x as long as 3rd antennomere; 5th antennomere 2.4x longer than wide, 0.9x as long and 0.8x as narrow as 4th antennomere; 6th antennomere 2.0x longer than wide, 0.8x as long as and equal in width to 5th antennomere; 7th antennomere 2.0x longer than wide, 1.2x as long as and 1.2x as wide as 6th antennomere; 8th antennomere 2.3x longer than wide, 1.2x as long as and subequal in width to 7th antennomere; club compact, 3.0x longer than wide, 0.3x as long as flagellum, with fused articles.
Pronotum bell-shaped, 1.1x longer than wide at apex, 0.8x longer than wide in middle, 0.9x longer than wide at base; densely punctate, weakly flattened, 0.7x as narrow as elytral base; sides weakly curved; scutellum trapezoidal.
Elytra elongate and convex, 4.5x as long as pronotum, 2.7x longer than wide at base, 2.2x as long as wide in middle, 4.9x longer than wide at apical fourth; humeri weakly convex; punctate striae distinct, with small points; intervals weakly convex, 3.3-4.0x as wide as diameter of points; apical part of elytra not convex laterally.
Prosternum weakly convex, densely rugose-punctate, with vibrissae but without postorbital lobe; precoxal portion of prosternum 0.3x as long as procoxal cavities and 0.5x as long as postcoxal portion; postcoxal portion of prosternum 2.0x as long as precoxal portion and 0.5x as long as procoxal cavities; procoxal cavities connected; metasternum convex, punctate; metepisternum narrow, 10.0x as long as wide in middle.
Abdomen convex, densely punctate; 1st, 2nd, and 5th ventrites elongate; 1st ventrite 1.1x as long as metacoxal cavities length; 2nd ventrite subequal to 1st ventrite; 3rd and 4th ventrites short, subequal in length; 3rd ventrite 0.6x as long as 2nd ventrite; 5th ventrite 2.6x as long as 4th ventrite.
Procoxae located near middle of prosternum, closer to anterior margin; mesocoxae rounded, narrowly separated; femora thickened, punctate, without teeth; profemora 4.3x longer than wide in middle; mesofemora 4.7x longer than wide in middle; metafemora 4.8x longer than wide in middle; tibiae weakly curved, punctate, not serrated on inner margin, with mucro; protibia 11.3x longer than wide in middle, with long mucro; mesotibia 11.7x longer than wide in middle; meso- and metatibiae with small mucro; metatibial corbel enclosed, without scales; metatibiae reaching 5th ventrite; tarsi elongate; 1st and 2nd tarsomeres conical; 3rd tarsomere bilobed; 5th tarsomere elongate; claws free; protarsi: 1st tarsomere 1.4x longer than wide; 2nd tarsomere 1.5x longer than wide, 1.2x as long as and 1.1x as wide as 1st tarsomere; 3rd tarsomere 0.4x longer than wide, 0.5x as long as and 1.8x as wide as 2nd tarsomere; 5th tarsomere 5.0x longer than wide, 2.5x as long as and 0.2x as narrow as 3rd tarsomere; metatarsi: 1st tarsomere 2.0x longer than wide; 2nd tarsomere subequal to 1st tarsomere; 3rd tarsomere 0.5x longer than wide, 0.7x as long as and 2.8x as wide as 2nd tarsomere; 5th tarsomere 3.8x longer than wide, 2.1x as long as and 0.3x as narrow as 3rd tarsomere.
Type locality. Amber mine in the northern portion of the Dominican Republic.
Etymology. The species epithet is taken from the Latin “squamosus” = scaly in reference to the dense scales covering the body.
Diagnosis. The new species is similar to Diaprepes famelicus (Olivier, 1790) from the West Indies but differs by the tibiae lacking serrations on the inner margin, smaller body size, body with dense scales, a greater convex eye, and wider elytral intervals.
Remarks. This specimen belongs to the tribe Eustylini because the elytra have humeri (Franz, 2012), the metabibial corbel are enclosed, the claws are free, and the pterygia are dorso-lateral. The front margin of the prosternum with vibrissae is a diagnostic character of the genus Diaprepes.
Genus LACHNOPUS Schoenherr, 1840
Lachnopus serraticrus sp. nov.
Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6
zoobank.org/B5C091E2-90E7-48E5-A2D9-D377A3C6969D
Holotype. Deposited in Poinar amber collection maintained at Oregon State University, Corvallis (Oregon, USA) (accession # 14).
Description. The specimen is complete. Body length (without rostrum), 7.5 mm; rostrum length, 1.4 mm. Body black, with glabrous, small, subcircular, and appressed scales.
Head 0.4x as long as rostrum, not constricted behind eye; rostrum weakly curved, short, 0.7x as long as pronotum, finely punctate; lateral margins of rostrum narrowing to eyes; epistoma indistinct; forehead quite narrow, flattened; eyes large, convex, rounded; temples quite short, 0.4x as long as eye; antennal scrobes directed under eye but not reaching eye; pterygia dorso-lateral; geniculate antennae long, inserted in apical third of rostrum, reaching base of elytra; antennomeres almost conical; 1st antennomere (scape) 7.1x longer than wide, reaching base of eye; 2nd antennomere 1.7x longer than wide, 0.2x as long as and 0.6x as narrow as 1st antennomere; 3rd antennomere 2.4x longer than wide, 1.2x as long as and 0.8x as narrow as 2nd antennomere; 4th antennomere 2.0x longer than wide, 0.8x as long as and equal in width to 3rd antennomere; 6th antennomere 2.5x longer than wide; 7th antennomere 2.0x longer than wide, 1.2x as long as and 1.5x as wide as 6th antennomere; 8th antennomere 1.3x longer than wide, 0.8x as long as and 1.3x as narrow as 7th antennomere; club compact, 3.0x longer than wide, 0.3x as long as flagellum, with fused articles.
Pronotum wide, trapezoidal, 1.7x longer than width at apex, 0.8x longer than wide in middle, 0.6x longer than wide at base; densely punctate, weakly flattened, 0.8x as narrow as elytral base; sides almost straight; scutellum trapezoidal.
Elytra convex, 3.3x as long as pronotum, 1.7x longer than wide at base and in middle, 2.4x longer than wide at apical fourth; humeri weakly convex; punctate striae distinct, with large points; intervals weakly convex, 1.2-1.5x as wide as diameter of points; apical part of elytra convex laterally.
Prosternum weakly convex, densely punctate, without postorbital lobe and vibrissae; precoxal portion of prosternum 0.3x as long as procoxal cavities and 0.6x as long as postcoxal portion; postcoxal portion of sternum 1.6x as long as precoxal portion and 0.5x as long as procoxal cavities; procoxal cavities connect; metasternum convex, punctate; metepisternum quite narrow.
Abdomen convex, densely punctate; 1st, 2nd and 5th ventrites elongate; 1st ventrite 2.0x as long as metacoxal cavities length; 2nd ventrite subequal to 1st ventrite; 3rd and 4th ventrites short, equal in length; 3rd ventrite 0.4x as long as 2nd ventrite; 5th ventrite 2.0x as long as 4th ventrite.
Procoxae located near middle of prosternum, closer to anterior margin; mesocoxae rounded, narrowly separated; femora thickened, punctate, without teeth; profemora 4.8x longer than wide in middle; metafemora 4.7x longer than wide in middle; tibiae weakly curved, punctate, serrated on inner margin, with mucro; metatibial corbel enclosed, without scales; protibia 6.9x longer than wide in middle; metatibia 7.5x longer than wide in middle; tarsi elongate; 1st and 2nd tarsomeres conical; 3rd tarsomere bilobed; 5th tarsomere elongate; claws free; protarsi: 1st tarsomere 1.6x longer than wide; 2nd tarsomere 1.3x longer than wide, subequal in length, 1.2x as wide as 1st tarsomere; 3rd tarsomere 0.6x longer than wide, equal in length and 2.2x as wide as 2nd tarsomere; 5th tarsomere 3.8x longer than wide, 1.9x as long as and 0.3x as narrow as 3rd tarsomere; metatarsi: 2nd tarsomere 0.8x as long as 1st tarsomere; 3rd tarsomere 0.8x as long as 2nd tarsomere; 5th tarsomere 4.3x longer than wide, 1.6x as long as 3rd tarsomere.
Type locality. Amber mine in the northern portion of the Dominican Republic.
Etymology. The species epithet is from the Latin “serratus” = toothed and the Latin “crusis” = leg, in reference to the serrated tibiae.
Diagnosis. The new species is very close to Lachnopus acuticollis (Gyllenhal, 1834) from Cuba but differs by the much smaller body size, narrower elytral intervals, and scape reaching only to the middle of the eye. From L. proteus (Olivier, 1807) from Hispaniola, it differs by having all tibiae serrated on the inner margins, the trapezoidal pronotum, evenly convex eyes, procoxa located further from front margin of prosternum and the apical part of the elytra convex laterally.
Remarks. This species belongs to the tribe Eustylini because the elytra have humeri, the metabibial corbel are enclosed, the claws are free, and the pterygia are dorso-lateral. The front margin of prosternum without vibrissae, trapezoid pronotum, base of elytra slightly wider than pronotum, lateral margins of the rostrum narrowed toward the eyes, and the procoxae located closer to the front margin of the prosternum are diagnostic characters of the genus Lachnopus.
Tribe? POLYDRUSINI Schoenherr, 1823
Genus APODROSUS Marshall, 1922
Apodrosus tinctocorpus sp. nov.
Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9
zoobank.org/F207C3C1-1414-4D80-B3F3-EB0FA723196C
Holotype. Deposited in Poinar amber collection maintained at Oregon State University, Corvallis (Oregon, USA) (accession # 162).
Description. The specimen is complete. Body length, 5.0 mm; rostrum length, 0.8 mm. Body brown-black, with appressed light oval scales.
Head 0.8x as long as rostrum, not constricted behind eyes; rostrum weakly curved, short, 1.2x longer than wide at apex, 1.8x longer than wide in middle, 1.6x longer than wide at base, 0.6x as long as pronotum, finely punctate; epistoma large, glabrous, elevated; forehead wide, flattened, 0.8x as narrow as rostraum base width; eyes large, convex, oval; temples quite long, 0.8x as long as eye; geniculate antennae inserted in middle of rostrum, reaching base of pronotum; pterygia dorso-lateral; antennomeres almost conical; 1st antennomere (scape) 6.7x longer than wide; 2nd antennomere 2.5x longer than wide, 0.2x as long as and 0.7x as narrow as 1st antennomere; 3rd antennomere 3.3x longer than wide, 0.9x as long as and 0.7x as narrow as 2nd antennomere; 4th antennomere 1.8x longer than wide, 0.5x as long as and equal in width to 4th antennomere; 5th antennomere 1.3x longer than wide, 0.9x as long as and 1.1x as wide as 4th antennomere; 6th antennomere 1.1x longer than wide, 0.8x as long as and equal in width to 5th antennomere; 6th-7th antennomeres subequal in length; 7th antennomere equal to 8th antennomere; 8th antennomere equal in length and width, 0.8x as long as and 0.9x as narrow as 7th antennomere; club compact, 2.1x longer than wide, 0.1x as long as flagellum, with fused articles.
Pronotum quite long, 2.1x longer than wide at apex, 1.4x longer than wide in middle, 1.6x longer than wide at base; densely punctate, weakly flattened, distinctly narrower than elytral base; sides almost straight; scutellum trapezoidal.
Elytra convex, 2.7x as long as pronotum, 2.6x longer than wide at base, 2.1x longer than wide in middle, 3.6x longer than wide at apical fourth; humeri convex; punctate striae distinct, with quite large points; intervals weakly convex, quite wide, 2.0-3.3x as wide as diameter of points; apical part of elytra convex laterally.
Prosternum weakly convex, densely punctate, without postorbital lobe, and vibrissae; pre- and postcoxal portions of prosternum long; procoxal cavities connect; metasternum weakly convex, punctate; metepisternum quite narrow.
Abdomen flattened, finely punctate; 1st, 2nd, and 5th ventrites elongate; 3rd and 4th ventrites short.
Procoxae located near middle of prosternum; mesocoxae rounded, narrowly separated; prolegs not increased in size; femora thickened, punctate, without teeth; profemora 5.2x longer than wide in middle; metafemora 5.1x longer than wide in middle; tibiae almost straight, punctate, with mucro and premucro; protibia 6.7x longer than wide in middle; metatibia 7.6x longer than wide in middle; metatibial corbel semi-enclosed; tarsi elongate; 1st tarsomere elongate; 2nd tarsomere conical; 3rd tarsomere bilobed; 5th tarsomere elongate; claws connate; protarsi: 2nd tarsomere 0.7x as long as 1st tarsomere; 3rd tarsomere equal in length to 2nd tarsomere; 5th tarsomere 2.5x as long as 3rd tarsomere; metatarsi: 3rd tarsomere subequal in length to 2nd tarsomere; 5th tarsomere 1.5x as long as 3rd tarsomere.
Type locality. Amber mine in the northern portion of the Dominican Republic.
Etymology. The species epithet is taken from the Latin “tinctus” = dyed and the Latin “corpus” = body, in reference to the unicolored body.
Diagnosis. The new species is close to Apodrosus andersoni Girón and Franz, 2010 from Hispaniola but differs by the shorter scape, narrower pronotum, elytral intervals without erect setae, apical part of elytra convex laterally, and larger body sizes. From A. quisqueyanus Girón and Franz, 2010 from Hispaniola, it differs by the unicolored body, longer rostrum, narrower pronotum, and wider eye.
Remarks. This and following the new species belong to the tribe Polydrusini because the pterygia are dorso-lateral, the claws are connate, the head is not constricted behind the eyes, and the prolegs are not widened (van Emden, 1944). The tibiae with a promucro and mucro, the semi-enclosed metatibial corbel and the large, elevated epistoma of these species are characters of the genus Apodrosus.
Apodrosus canalinasus sp. nov.
Figure 10, Figure 11
zoobank.org/7D80B90D-533A-4EA9-8103-02D4BA764B33
Holotype. Deposited in Poinar amber collection maintained at Oregon State University, Corvallis (Oregon, USA) (accession # 25).
Description. The specimen is complete. Body length (without rostrum), 4.5 mm; rostrum length, 0.8 mm. Body brown-black, with dense appressed light oval scales.
Head not constricted behind eyes; rostrum almost straight, short, 1.0x longer than wide at apex, 1.2x longer than wide in middle, 1.0x longer than wide at base, 0.6x as long as pronotum, densely punctate; rostrum and forehead with longitudinal mid-furrow; epistoma large, naked, and elevated; forehead wide, very weakly impressed, 0.8x as narrow as rostrum base width; eyes large, weakly convex, oval; temples present; geniculate antennae inserted behind middle of rostrum, reaching middle of pronotum; pterygia dorso-lateral; antennomeres almost conical; 1st antennomere (scape) 8.4x longer than wide, reaching posterior margin of eyes; 2nd antennomere 2.6x longer than wide, 1.0x as long and 0.3x as narrow as 1st antennomere; 3rd antennomere 3.3x longer than wide, 0.7x as long as and 0.8x as narrow as 2nd antennomere; 4th antennomere 2.3x longer than wide, 0.9x as long as and 0.9x as narrow as 4th antennomere; 5th antennomere 1.8x longer than wide, 0.9x as long as and 1.1x as wide as 4th antennomere; 6th antennomere 1.6x longer than wide, 0.9x as long as and equal in width to 5th antennomere; 7th antennomere 1.6x longer than wide, 1.1x as long as and 1.1x as wide as 6th antennomere; 8th antennomere 1.3x longer than wide, 0.9x as long as and 1.1x as narrow as 7th antennomere; club compact, 3.4x longer than wide, 0.6x as long as flagellum, with fused articles.
Pronotum 1.1x longer than wide at apex, 0.9x longer than wide in middle and at base; coarsely punctate, weakly flattened, distinctly narrower than elytral base; sides almost straight; scutellum trapezoidal.
Elytra weakly convex, 3.4x as long as pronotum, 2.1x longer than wide at base, 1.7x longer than wide in middle, 2.6x longer than wide at apical fourth; humeri convex; punctate striae distinct; intervals weakly convex, wide, 3.0-5.0x as wide as diameter of points, with rows of curved narrow scales; apical part of elytra not convex laterally.
Prosternum weakly convex, densely punctate, without postorbital lobe and vibrissae; pre- and postcoxal portions of prosternum quite long; procoxal cavities connected; metasternum weakly convex, punctate; metepisternum narrow.
Abdomen weakly flattened, finely punctate; 1st, 2nd and 5th ventrites elongate. 1st ventrite 1.5x as long as metacoxal cavities length; 2nd ventrite 1.2x as long as 1st ventrite; 3rd ventrite 0.2x as long as 2nd ventrite; 4th ventrite equal in length to 3rd ventrite; 5th ventrite 2.0x as long as 4th ventrite.
Procoxae located near middle of prosternum; mesocoxae rounded, narrowly separated; femora thickened, punctate, without teeth; prolegs not increased; profemora 4.0x longer than wide in middle; metafemora 4.7x longer than wide in middle; tibiae almost straight, punctate, with mucro; protibia 6.7x longer than wide in middle; metatibia 5.0x longer than wide in middle; metatibial corbel semi-enclosed; tarsi elongate; 1st tarsomere elongate; 2nd tarsomere conical; 3rd tarsomere bilobed; 5th tarsomere elongate; claws connate; protarsi: 1st tarsomere 1.6x longer than wide; 2nd tarsomere 0.9x longer than wide, 0.8x as long as and 1.4x as wide as 1st tarsomere; 3rd tarsomere 0.6x longer than wide, 1.2x as long as and 1.7x as wide as 2nd tarsomere; 5th tarsomere 3.0x longer than wide, 1.3x as long as and 0.3x as wide as 3rd tarsomere.
Type locality. Amber mine in the northern portion of the Dominican Republic.
Etymology. The species epithet is from the Latin “canalis” = groove and the Latin “nasus” = nose, in reference to the furrow on the rostrum.
Diagnosis. The new species is close Apodrosus viridium Girón and Franz, 2010 from Hispaniola but differs by the tibiae lacking a premucro, the body with light scales, the legs brown-black, and the eyes weakly convex.
Remarks. The semi-enclosed metatibial corbel, the rostrum and forehead with a longitudinal mid-furrow and the large, naked, elevated epistoma indicate that the new species belongs to the genus Apodrosus.
Tribe EUDIAGOGINI LeConte, 1874
Genus PROMECOPS Sahlberg, 1823
Subgenus PROMECODES Marshall, 1939
Promecops (Promecodes) divarichela sp. nov.
Figure 12, Figure 13
zoobank.org/22E45BCA-7A64-46CD-A368-7B48517326B8
Holotype. Deposited in Poinar amber collection maintained at Oregon State University, Corvallis (Oregon, USA) (accession # 154).
Description. The specimen is complete. Body length (without rostrum), 3.1 mm; rostrum length, 0.4 mm. Body brown-black, with appressed light scales and curved narrowed scales.
Head 0.7x as long as rostrum; rostrum almost straight, short, 0.8x longer than wide at apex, 0.9x longer than wide in middle, 1.0x longer than wide at base, 0.7x as long as pronotum, finely punctate; forehead quite wide, flat, 0.6x as narrow as rostrum base width; eyes large, flat, transversely oval; temples short, 0.2x as long as eye; antennal scrobes directed towards bottom of eyes, not extending beneath eyes; geniculate antennae inserted in apical third of rostrum, not reaching base of pronotum; antennomeres almost conical; 4th antennomere 1.8x longer than wide; 5th antennomere 1.6x longer than wide, 0.7x as long as and 0.8x as narrow as 4th antennomere; 5th-7th antennomeres subequal in length; 6th antennomere equal to 5th antennomere; 7th antennomere 1.4x longer than wide, 0.9x as long as 6th antennomere; 8th antennomere equal in length and width, 1.0x as long and 1.4x as wide as 7th antennomere; club compact, 4.0x longer than wide, a little shorter than last four antennomeres together taken, with fused articles.
Pronotum 0.6x longer than wide at apex and in middle, 0.7x longer than wide at base; densely punctate, flattened, narrower than elytral base; sides almost rounded, expand to apex; scutellum trapezoidal.
Elytra weakly convex, 2.6x as long as pronotum, 1.5x longer than wide at base, 1.4x longer than wide in middle, 2.1x longer than wide at apical fourth; humeri weakly flattened; punctate striae distinct, with quite small points; intervals weakly convex, wide, 3.0-4.0x as wide as diameter of points; apex of elytra rounded.
Prosternum weakly convex, densely punctate, with distinct postorbital lobe; ventral edge of postorbital lobe rounded, without vibrissae; pre- and postcoxal portions of prosternum quite short; procoxal cavities connected; mesosternum not protuberant; metasternum weakly convex, punctate; metepisternum quite narrow.
Abdomen flattened, finely punctate; 1st, 2nd, and 5th ventrites elongate; 3rd and 4th ventrites short; 2nd ventrite 0.6x as long as 1st ventrite; 3rd ventrite 0.4x as long as 2nd ventrite; 4th ventrite subequal to 3rd ventrite; 5 ventrite 2.4x as long as 4th ventrite and 0.7x as long as 1st ventrite.
Procoxae located near middle of prosternum, slightly closer to basal margin; mesocoxae rounded, narrowly separated; femora thickened, finely punctate, without teeth; tibiae almost straight, punctate, with apical setose fringe and mucro; metatibiae not widened; tarsi elongate; 1st tarsomere elongate; 2nd tarsomere conical; 3rd tarsomere bilobed; 5th tarsomere elongate; claws free, slightly divergent, without teeth.
Type locality. Amber mine in the northern portion of the Dominican Republic.
Etymology. The species epithet is from the Latin “divarico = spread apart and the Latin “chela” = claw, in reference to the free tarsal claws.
Diagnosis. The new species is close to Promecops (Promecodes) uniformis Champion, 1911 from Guatemala but differs by the wider pronotum and elytra and much smaller body size. From P. (P.) alternans Champion, 1911 from Central America, it differs by the unicolored body, wider pronotum, and smaller body size. It is distinguished from the previously described Dominican amber species, Promecops (Promecops) tumidirostris Poinar and Brown, 2011 in the nominative subgenus by possessing free tarsal claws, a wider body, starker flattened elytral humeri, and wide elytral intervals.
Remarks. The new species belongs to the tribe Eudiagogini because it has the distinct postorbital lobes without vibrissae, antennal scrobes directed towards the bottom of the eye and short rostrum. The pronotum with rounded sides narrower than the elytral base, metatibiae not widened and elytra with humeri are characters of the genus Promecops. This species is a member of the subgenus Promecodes based on the free tarsal claws.
DISCUSSION
Representatives of the tribe Eustylini are poorly represented in the fossil record (Legalov, 2015). Only one species of the genus Lachnopus is known from the terminal Eocene (Scudder, 1893). Several species of the modern status "incertae sedis" are described in the genus Lachnopus from the Oligocene of Germany and Miocene of France (Legalov, 2015). The tribe Eustylini is only known in the New World. The extent of the tribe and phylogenetic relationships have been recently studied (Franz, 2010, 2012; Girón and Franz, 2012). The genera Diaprepes and Lachnopus are represented by several species in Hispaniola (Perez-Gelabert, 2008) but this is the first record of a fossil of the genus Diaprepes.
The status of the genus Apodrosus is unclear. It is placed provisionally in the tribe Polydrusini because of the connate claws, but it is closer to representatives of the tribe Anypotactini by the structure of the epistoma and metatibial corbels (Girón and Franz, 2010). Two fossil Polydrusini species from the Eocene and Miocene are known and representatives (6 species of 3 genera) of the tribe Anypotactini are known from Eocene deposits (Legalov, 2015).
The tribe Eudiagogini is distributed only in the New World and includes about 100 species in 10 recent genera (O´Brien and Wibmer, 1982; Wibmer and O´Brien, 1986). This group has been well studied (Voss, 1934, 1953). Two fossil species (the Eocene Oligocryptus sectus Scudder, 1893 and the Miocene Promecops tumidirostris Poinar and Brown, 2011) are known. This tribe is absent in the modern fauna of Hispaniola (Perez-Gelabert, 2008).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to B.A. Korotyaev (Russia: St. Petersburg), N.B. Nikitsky (Russia: Moscow) and A. Yu. Solodovnikov (Denmark: Copenhagen) for the opportunity to study comparative material deposited in the Natural History Museum of Denmark (Copenhagen), Zoological Institute RAS (St. Petersburg), and Zoological Museum of Moscow University, and to J. Hájek (Czech Republic: Praha) and D.V. Logunov (UK: Manchester) for help with the literature. The study was partially supported by the Federal Fundamental Scientific Research Programme for 2013-2020, project no. VI.51.1 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 15-04-02971a.
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