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Sphenodon Muscles:
JONES, CURTIS, O'HIGGINS, FAGAN, & EVANS

Plain-Language &
Multilingual  Abstracts

Abstract

Introduction

Osteology

Musculature

The Trigeminal Muscles

Other Muscles of the Head

Extrinsic Muscles of the Skull and Pectoral Girdle

Extrinsic Muscles of the Skull and Neck

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Abbreviations Appendix

 

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MUSCULATURE

The musculature of Sphenodon has been described by a number of authors including Osawa (1898), Nishi (1916), Byerly (1925), Lakjer (1926), Edgeworth (1935), Poglayen-Neuwall (1953), Romer (1956), Ostrom (1962), Rieppel (1978), Gorniak et al. (1982), Schwenk (1986), Wu (2003), Al-Hassawi (2004, 2007), and Tsuihiji (2005, 2007). However, a full review of the muscles involved in feeding, including those of the neck, has not previously been attempted. To confirm previous reports and gather new data, several partially dissected specimens (Table 1) were examined using a Wild Stereo microscope and drawn using a camera lucida.

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

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Sphenodon Muscles
Plain-Language & Multilingual  Abstracts | Abstract | Introduction | Osteology | Musculature
The Trigeminal Muscles | Other Muscles of the Head | Extrinsic Muscles of the Skull and Pectoral Girdle
Extrinsic Muscles of the Skull and Neck | Conclusions | Acknowledgements
References | Abbreviations Appendix
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