Foraminifera of Miyakojima

Illustrated guide to Pliocene foraminifera from Miyakojima, Ryukyu Island Arc, with comments on biostratigraphy

Satoshi Hanagata and Takami Nobuhara

Article number: 18.1.3A
https://doi.org/10.26879/444
Copyright Paleontological Society, January 2014

Author biographies
Plain-language and multi-lingual abstracts
PDF version

Submission: 28 November 2013. Acceptance: 7 December 2014

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ABSTRACT

This is the first comprehensive, fully illustrated systematic report of both planktonic and benthic foraminifera from the Pliocene Shimajiri Group in Miyakojima Island, southern Ryukyu Island Arc. A total of 47 planktonic species in 18 genera and 267 benthic taxa in 151 genera have been identified in 31 matrix samples covering almost all horizons in the island sections. All species, together with morphological varieties, are illustrated using focus-stacking software by assembling digital camera images taken in optical microscopy. These multi-focused illustrations may show natural color and texture (reflection and transmission), and inner structures, including shape of septum, which are unavailable in scanning electron microscopy. Systematic notes comprise comments on synonyms of ubiquitous/well-established species described from other areas. The present comprehensive report with novel illustrations provides an effective guide for future research of foraminifera in surrounding regions.

Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy in Miyakojima Island has also been re-examined by considering sedimentary environment to explain the absence of some index species. The Early to Late Pliocene age of the Shimajiri Group in Miyakojima Island, correlative with the Pl1 Zone (Oura Formation), Pl1 to Pl2 zones (Onogoshi Formation), Pl2 to Pl4 zones (Yonahama Formation) and Pl5 zone (Minebari Formation), respectively, is confirmed.

Satoshi Hanagata. Akita-shi Asahikawa-minamimachi 15-21, Akita 010-0834, Japan.
hanagata@ab.auone-net.jp
Takami Nobuhara. Department of Science Education (Geology), Faculty of Education, Shizuoka University, Oya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan etnobuh@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp

Keywords: taxonomy; foraminifera; Ryukyu; Pliocene; optical micrographs

Final citation: Hanagata, Satoshi and Nobuhara, Takami. 2015. Illustrated guide to Pliocene foraminifera from Miyakojima, Ryukyu Island Arc, with comments on biostratigraphy. Palaeontologia Electronica 18.1.3A: 1-140. https://doi.org/10.26879/444
palaeo-electronica.org/content/2015/1016-foraminifera-of-miyakojima

INTRODUCTION

Background of Research

Foraminifera comprise protist species many of which possess hard shells (tests) that have a high fossilization potential. They are distributed across almost all oceans and marginal seas, from shallow coastal waters to abyssal trenches, with each fauna adapting to specific oceanographic conditions. Ecological data extracted from extant foraminifera provide clues for the reconstruction of ancient oceanographic conditions. However, this potential as a paleoenvironmental indicator has not been fully assessed in the Neogene of the subtropical northwestern Pacific region, due to the lack of any descriptive taxonomic studies that are vital to correct identification. Ujiié (1990) and Xu and Ujiié (1994) stressed such problems in foraminiferal taxonomy.

Meanwhile, Scott et al. (2000) pointed out that problems revolve apparently “endemic” species described mainly by Japanese workers from Japanese inland sections and surrounding waters and well-established species described by non-Japanese scientists from other seas, and demonstrated that a number of species could potentially turn out to synonymous or definitely were identical. The Ryukyu Islands are situated between the temperate eastern North Pacific realm and tropical southern seas; thus they are well suited for comparative taxonomic studies.

The Shimajiri Group in Okinawa-jima and Miyakojima islands (Figure 1) records the Neogene history of the Ryukyu Island Arc, and is well-known to yield rich foraminiferal assemblages. In the present report, we focus on foraminiferal fossils of Miyakojima, an island situated in the southwestern Ryukyu Island Arc, at a midpoint between Okinawa-jima and Taiwan.

Review of Previous Reports

A number of studies have been conducted of both extant and fossil, smaller and larger foraminifera from the Ryukyu Island Arc and surrounding areas in the Philippine Sea (Pacific Ocean) and the East China Sea in terms of oceanography, biostratigraphy and paleontology (e.g., Polski, 1959; LeRoy, 1964; Kameyama, 1975; Ujiié, 1985; Hatta and Ujiié, 1992a, b; Xu and Ujiié, 1994; Ujiié and Hatta, 1995; Hohenegger et al., 1999; Kawagata, 2001). Studies of fossil benthic foraminifera, however, still are few in number in comparison to those of planktonic species in the Ryukyu Islands region, despite the fact that the thick Neogene Shimajiri Group is widely distributed.

From Miyakojima Island, Huang (1968) described fossil foraminifera from three samples of the Shimajiri Group. Later, Ujiié and Ōki (1974) studied planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Shimajiri Group in the island, on the basis of 69 matrix samples which covered almost the entire group and correlated it the N17 to N22 zones of Blow (1969). Nakamori (1982) revised this biozonation and equated it with the N18 to N21 zones.

Aim of Present Report

Based on studies noted above, the present report aims to describe taxonomically both benthic and planktonic foraminifera from conspicuous outcrops in the Pliocene Shimajiri Group in Miyakojima Island, reconfirming the planktonic biostratigraphy of previous studies. In particular, we provide focus-stacking illustrations from optical micrographic images of all foraminiferal species, which may be an effective data base for future studies. Not only can such illustrations document outer morphology, but also internal structure in transparent shells, natural color and texture, which are not available in photomicrographs of scanning electron microscope (SEM).

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Geological Framework

Miyakojima Island is very flat. The Pleistocene Ryukyu Limestone forms broad terraces across the island; the boundary with the underlying Shimajiri Group is an angular unconformity. The Shimajiri Group is exposed along the east and southeast coast of the island and also around Sugama, the back land of Yonahama Bay, in the southwest of the island (Figure 2; Hanzawa, 1935; Yamazato, 1960; Ujiié and Oki, 1974; Yazaki and Oyama, 1979, 1980; Nakamori, 1982; Furukawa, 1985). In general, the upper sequence appears southeastwardly along exposures of the northeast coast, although exposures are discrete and many minor faults exist between them. The base of the Shimajiri Group is below sea level and inaccessible. Estimates of total thickness of the Shimajiri Group inland vary considerably amongst reports; for instance, Ujiié and Ōki (1974) indicated in excess of 600 m, Yazaki and Oyama (1980) more than 1,000 m, while Nakamori (1982) assumed a thickness of more than 1,400 m.

Doan et al. (1960) and Ujiié and Ōki (1974) described the stratigraphy of the Shimajiri Group in Miyakojima. The former authors subdivided the Shimajiri Group into the Ogami Sandstone, Ikema Sandstone, Gusukube Shale, and Nobaru Formation, in ascending order. However, Ujiié and Ōki (1974) considered the report of Doan et al. (1960) to be a non-public manuscript and alternatively proposed the Nanseien Formation, Yonahama Mudstone, and Minehara Alternation, in ascending order, within the Shimajiri Group. Later, Nakagawa et al. (1976), Yazaki and Okayama (1979, 1980) and successive studies proposed different stratigraphic frames, respectively, without showing sufficient correlation with those proposed in previous studies. Such confusion of stratigraphic nomenclature should be resolved on the basis of the principle of priority; however, this is outside the scope of the present report.

Here we employ Nakamori’s (1982) stratigraphic division for convenience in order to compare this with previous faunal studies including those by Ogasawara and Masuda (1983), Sato et al. (2002), and Karasawa and Nobuhara (2008). In ascending order, these units are the Oura, Onogoshi, Yonahama and Minebari formations. The Oura Formation generally corresponds to the Nanseien Formation of Ujiié and Ōki (1974), the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations to the Yonahama Mudstone and the Minebari Formation to the Minehara Alternation, respectively.

The lithology of these formations suggests a single sedimentary cycle: shallow-marine conditions on shelves (sandstone, siltstone, alternating beds of sandstone and siltstone, and conglomerate of the Oura Formation); transgression reaching to the deep sea (massive or partly bedded siltstone of the Onogoshi Formation); further transgression deposited continental slope (massive tuffaceous siltstone of the Yonahama Formation); and basin accumulation (alternating beds of fine sandstone and siltstone of the Minebari Formation). Ogasawara and Masuda (1983) inferred the paleobathymety on the basis of molluscan fossils, to be as follows. The lower part of the Oura Formation was laid down in littoral to inner sublittoral settings. It changed to sandy and muddy sea bottoms of the open sea, shallower than about 50 m through deposition of the middle and upper parts of the Oura Formation up to the middle of the Onogoshi Formation. The transgression continued and depositional setting turned to pelagic muddy sea bottoms of the lower sublittoral to upper bathyal during deposition of the upper part of the Onogoshi Formation and the Yonahama Formation. Finally, depth reached upper bathyal conditions of around 400 m in the Minehara (= Minebari) Formation. This bathymetric change was attributed to the rifting stage generated the East China Sea and successive opening of the Okinawa Trough, the active back arc basin of the Ryukyu Island Arc.

The stratigraphical age of each formation has been estimated on the basis of planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy in previous studies; this is reviewed below.

Locality and Sampling Horizons

We have used 30 samples, collected from 19 outcrops along the east and southeast coasts, and a single sample from an outcrop near Sugama, in the southwest of the island. Sampling localities are indicated in Figure 2. Among the 31 samples, 10 indicated by the suffix “-2” were supplementary to those without this suffix, from adjacent or almost the same horizons so as to confirm the stability of taxonomic composition in close-set positions and/or to estimate the effect of lithological differences. Stratigraphical relationships between outcrops are difficult to assess in view of concealed faults between outcrops as mentioned by previous workers (e.g., Ujiié and Ōki, 1974; Nakamori, 1982). Therefore, we treat the position of each horizon sampled not by physical but by relative stratigraphical relationship. Details of outcrops are listed in Table 1.

Sample Preparation and Identification

Rock samples were collected from indurated rocks after excavation of more than 20 cm from weathered faces in order to obtain fresh material.

All samples, approximately 10 g each, were dried in an oven for one day. Subsequently, they were soaked in diluted water and heated adding a hydrogen peroxide and sodium pyrophosphate solution, until all matrices had disaggregated. Microscope observation revealed that this procedure did not cause damage to fossil specimens, inclusive of agglutinated species, cemented particles of which retain their original condition. Disintegrated samples were then wet sieved on a 200-mesh sieve (75 µm-opening). Previous papers on material from Miyakojima Island (see above) used a 120-mesh sieve (125 µm) for micropaleontological studies. However, we attach importance to the detection of potentially significant small specimens, so as to obtain the full composition of assemblages. For instance, Alabaminella exigua (Brady) is an important index species of seasonal organic flux in the world ocean (see summary in Murray, 2006), which is usually underestimated in studies using 120-mesh sieve due to its small test size. Meanwhile, we should treat more juvenile specimens that are difficult to identify when using small-size specimens (e.g., Eguchi et al., 2003; Ujiié, 2003).

Washed residues were split into aliquots, and specimens were picked out until the number of both benthic and planktonic foraminifera exceeded 200. The first author identified all specimens to species, with the exclusion of broken or poorly preserved specimens, so as to illustrate the full composition of the fauna. When no named species was found to assign a particular specimen to, this was listed in open nomenclature as sp. A, sp. B etc., or compared with named species adding either “cf.” or “aff.”

Illustration

Here we present pictures of at least two specimens of each species in order to show morphological variation which characterizes most foraminiferal species, whereas almost all previous studies illustrated only typical forms. In addition, we took pictures of each specimen from two or more directions in order to document the three-dimensional morphology as an aid in identification.

Specimens are illustrated using an optical microscope with a digital charge-coupled device (ccd) camera and commercial PC software “Helicon Focus” (©Helicon Soft Ltd.). This software creates a single picture from digital images taken at several focus depth slices (Figure 3). The number of pictures used to merge into one picture depends on the size of each specimen, and normally is fewer than 20, even for the largest specimen. This digital imaging process considerably improves the illustration of smaller-sized foraminifera, which has been advanced thorough the preceding studies including Scott et al. (2000) and Holbourn and Henderson (2002). At present, it is easily operated, and tools are low cost in comparison to SEM images. We depended on SEM to obtain pictures of minute tests under high magnification, but such images do not document the natural appearance that is seen in optical microscopy, inclusive of color, reflection, and transmission. Inner structures of specimens, such as the septum, important for identification, are invisible in SEM as well, but in optical microscopy these are clearly recognized in translucent specimens. This illustration method is also applicable to other taxonomic groups such as radiolarians, ostracodes, and diatoms.

Adoption of Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy

Ujiié and Ōki (1974) reported on the planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Miyakojima Island. Later, Ujiié (1994) integrated data of planktonic foraminiferal biozonations in the Ryukyu Islands, and proposed a framework. Ujiié’s (1994) zones are a combination of Berggren’s Pl zones (Berggren, 1973, 1977) and Blow’s N zones (Blow, 1969). In definition, all of these zones differ, in part, from the recently proposed Pl zones of Berggren et al. (1995). In the present report, we apply the definition of Berggren et al. (1995) in order to avoid confusion among reports. In addition, we mention the revised geological age assignments by Gradstein et al. (2004, 2012), and also refer to the biostratigraphical study of the South China Sea by Li et al. (2009).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

More than 200 specimens of both planktonic and benthic foraminifera were collected from each sample, with the exception of Sample 9 of the Minebari Formation.

Forty-seven planktonic foraminiferal species, belonging to 18 genera, and 267 benthic foraminiferal species, in 151 genera, are distinguished, inclusive of forms recorded in open nomenclature (i.e., sp. A, sp. B, etc.; Table 2). In addition, the first author examined dry-sieved specimens larger than 125 µm, yielding more than 200 planktonic foraminiferal individuals from the Minebari Formation to confirm the extinction level of Dentoglobigerina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis) and the occurrence of Globorotalia tosaensis (Takayanagi and Saito) and Globorotalia truncatulinoides (d’Orbigny). In short, D. altispira is absent from the Minebari Formation and neither G. tosaensis nor G. truncatulinoides have been recognized in the study material.

In general, the preservation of specimens is good, except for those from samples 11, 3, 3-2-low-silt, 3-2-up-sand, 10, 2-2, MK02A-2, and MK02B (weak dissolution, probably caused by weathering), and samples 7, MK02A, and 13 (carbonate recrystallization). These specimens of poor preservation are difficult to identify. The effect of dissolution on calcareous specimens called “fragmentation”, caused under the lysocline or CCD (e.g., Le and Shackleton, 1992; Xu et al., 2005), was not recognized in microscope observation.

Indeterminate juvenile specimens (in 200-mesh sieve) are small in number; however, several diminutive specimens caused identification problems; allied species occasionally show common morphological features at the juvenile stage.

General Features of Foraminiferal Assemblages

The benthic foraminiferal assemblages show a quite high diversity (evenness) and almost all of the abundant species account for less than 30% (Figure 4). Exceptions are Euuvigerina vadescens in the Onogoshi Formation (36% in Sample 11), Bolivina robusta Brady in the Onogoshi Formation (41% in Sample 10), and Uvigerina peregrina in the Yonahama Formation (46% in Sample 6-2; 35% in Sample 6). Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages also show a high diversity.

Oura Formation. The diversity of benthic foraminifera is lower than in overlying formations. Heterolepa dutemplei (d’Orbigny) is the predominant benthic species, accounting for 28% of the assemblage. Asterorotalia pulchella (d’Orbigny), Ammonia maruhasii (Kuwano), and Hanzawaia nipponica Asano also characterize this benthic fauna. The percentage of agglutinated foraminifera vs total benthic foraminifera is highest in the study material (approximately 18%). The diversity of planktonic foraminifera is also low in comparison to overlying units. Globigerina foliata Bolli is the commonest planktonic species, accounting for 28% of assemblages. Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny) and Globigerinoides sacculifers (Brady) are also abundant.

Onogoshi Formation. Sample 11 from the lower part of this unit is characterized by the abundant occurrence of Euuvigerina vadescens in association with Ammonia maruhasii and B. robusta. Samples from the upper part of the formation yield abundant A. maruhasii, B. robusta, Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny, Cassidulina carinata Silvestri, Cibicidoides pachyderma (Rzehak), Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager), and Gyroidinoides altiformis (Stewart and Stewart) . Globigerina foliata and species of Globigerinoides are abundant in the planktonic foraminiferal assemblages.

Yonahama Formation. The composition of benthic foraminiferal assemblages varies among samples from this unit. Bolivina robusta is abundant in almost all samples. Cibicidoides ornatus (Cushman) is common in the lower horizon (Samples 17, 6, 6-2). Uvigerina peregrina Cushman markedly predominates in Samples 6 and 6-2, accompanied by common Heterolepa praecincta (Karrer). Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady), Bulimina truncana Gümbel, and Myllostomella hyugaensis (Ishizaki) in the middle part of the formation (Samples 16, 15, 7). Ammonia parkinsoniana (d’Orbigny), and Bulimina gutta Chapman and Parr are relatively abundant in Samples 14 and 14-2 . Samples of the uppermost horizon (Samples 8, 8-2) characteristically contain Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny. Globigerina foliata, Globigerinita glutinata (Egger), and species of Globigerinoides are abundant in planktonic assemblages. Neogloboquadrina blowi (Rögl and Hansen) predominates (24%) in Sample 6-2, the benthic assemblage of which is characterized by a marked predominance of U. peregrina as noted above.

One sample from the Yonahama Formation in Sugama, in the southwest of the island (Sample MK01), yielded relatively abundant Cassidulina carinata, Hyalinea balthica (Schröter), B. robusta, and Bolivina cochei Cushman and Jarvis in benthic assemblages. Globigerina foliata, G. glutinata and Turborotalita quinqueloba (Natland) are common in the planktonic assemblage.

Minebari Formation.Bolivina robusta and Cassidulina carinata constantly and abundantly occur in benthic foraminiferal assemblages of all samples. Although there is not a single species that predominates, several taxa are abundant in certain samples, as follows: Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager) in Samples 1, 1-2, and MK02B; Burseolina pacifica (Cushman) in Samples 2 and 2-2; Evolvocassidulina brevis (Aoki) in Sample 5; Heterolepa dutemplei in Samples 5-2 and 4-2; Melonis pacificus (Cushman) in Sample 9; Nonionellina labradorica (Dawson) in Sample MK02B; Uvigerina peregrina in Samples 2 and 4-2. Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages are similar to those of the Yonahama Formation. Species of Globigerinoides, Globoturborotalita rubescens (Hofker), and G. quinqueloba show a higher abundance in comparison with assemblages of the Yonahama Formation.

Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy

The following biohorizons of planktonic foraminifera are recognized in the Shimajiri Group of Miyakojima. Based on these, the group was equated with the planktonic foraminiferal zones Pl1 to Pl5 (Figure 5). This result is consistent with data in previous studies (Ujiié and Oki, 1974; Nakamori, 1982).

First occurrence of Globorotalia tumida (Brady). This marks the lower limit of Pl1 in Sample 3 of the Onogoshi Formation.

Last occurrence of Globoturborotalita nepenthes(Todd). This marks the upper limit of Pl1 in Sample 3-2-up-sand of the Onogoshi Formation.

Last occurrence of Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermudez. This marks the upper limit of Pl2 in Sample 6 of the Yonahama Formation.

Last occurrence of Sphaeroidinellopsisspp. This marks the upper limit of Pl3 in Sample 15 of the Yonahama Formation.

Last occurrence of Dentoglobigerina altispira. This marks the upper limit of Pl4 in Sample 8 of the Yonahama Formation.

Other biohorizons. The following occurrences of planktonic foraminifera are potentially useful for stratigraphy: the first occurrence of Globorotalia crassaformis in Sample 16 of the Yonahama Formation; the occurrence of Globorotalia conomiozea Kennett between Sample 18 of the Oura Formation and Sample 6 of the Yonahama Formation; the occurrence of Globorotalia conoidea Walters between Samples 18 and 8, both Yonahama Formation; the first occurrence of Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones) in Sample 7 of the Yonahama Formation, not accompanying Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina (Schwager); change in coiling direction of Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones) from sinistral to dextral, twice between Samples 6 and 16, and Samples 7 and 14-2, both in the Yonahama Formation; the last occurrence of Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli in Sample 15 of the Yonahama Formation; the last occurrence of Globigerinoides extremus Bolli and Bermúdez in Sample 9 of the Minebari Formation; the last occurrence of Globoturborotalita decoraperta (Takayanagi) in Sample 4-2 of the Minebari Formation.

Other well-known Plio-Pleistocene datum events such as the last occurrence of Globorotalia pseudomiocenica Bolli and Bermudez, the last occurrence of Globigerinoidesella fistulosa (Schubert), the first occurrence of G. truncatulinoides, and the last occurrence of G. tosaensis, have not been recognized.

Geological Age

The age of the lowermost horizon of the Shimajiri Group in Miyakojima has been controversial. Ujiié and Oki (1974) pointed out the existence of Miocene strata in the lower part of the Shimajiri Group, on the basis of the first occurrence of Globorotalia tumida in the lower part of the Yonahama Mudstone, equivalent to the Onogoshi Formation of the present study. The absence of G. tumida from the lowermost of the group (i.e., Oura Formation and lower part of Onogoshi Formation) is also confirmed in our material. The first occurrence of G. tumida (5.57 Ma; Gradstein et al., 2012) marks the base of Pl1, which is very close to the age of the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (5.33 Ma; Gradstein et al., 2012). Meanwhile, Nakagawa et al. (1976) refuted the existence of the Miocene in Miyakojima on the basis of a magnetostratigraphical study. Nakamori (1982) also dated the Oura Formation as Pliocene, on the basis of the occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil Ceratoliths cf. rugosus Bukry and Bramlette. If Nakamori’s identification is correct (Ceratolithus rugosus being indicative of the base of zone NN13 of Martini, 1971), it is clear that at least the horizon sampled is of Early Pliocene age (5.12 Ma; Gradstein et al., 2004). Considering that the Oura Formation was laid down under sublittoral conditions, as noted by Ogasawara and Masuda (1983), G. tumida which was an inhabitant of the deep thermocline (Nathan and Leckie, 2009) could not have spread. Thus, it would be inappropriate to base the age on the absence of G. tumida ; another approach is needed to date the age of the base of the Oura Formation.

The last occurrence of Globoturborotalita nepenthes, i.e., the upper limit of Pl1, is in Sample 3-2-up-sand (outcrop OG2, Onogoshi Formation). Berggren et al. (1995) dated this horizon at 4.18 Ma, while Gradstein et al. (2004, 2012) showed 4.37 Ma. This horizon is almost the same as that of the first occurrence of Globorotalia tumida in the present study ; thus, the absence of G. tumida from the lower horizon is inferred to be an effect of depositional condition as mentioned above, while the disappearance of G. nepenthes in the bathyal sediments of the present study is more reliable.

The change in coiling direction of Pulleniatina spp. from sinistral to dextral has been observed twice in the Yonahama Formation. The reason behind this is unknown, but stratigraphic repetition by faults is the most probable cause. Its age was estimated to be 3.95 Ma by Saito (1999) and 4.08 Ma by Gradstein et al. (2012).

The age of the last occurrence of Globorotalia margaritae, which marks the upper limit of Pl2, was estimated at 3.58 Ma by Berggren et al. (1995) and at 3.85 Ma by Gradstein et al. (2004, 2012).

The first occurrence of Globorotalia crassaformis (4.31 Ma; Gradstein et al., 2012) corresponds to a level above the above-mentioned last occurrence of Globorotalia margaritae and of the change in coiling of Pulleniatina spp. Test calcification in G. crassaformis is under seasonal thermocline (Ravelo and Fairbanks, 1992), which is why its absence from the lower strata implies an environmental effect similar to that for Globorotalia tumida, and its first occurrence in Miyakojima Island does not conform to the date of its evolutionary appearance.

Berggren et al. (1995) dated the extinction level of Sphaeroidinellopsis spp., which defines the top of Pl3, at 3.12 Ma; this was accepted in subsequent papers (Saito, 1999; Chaisson and D’Hondt, 2000). Gradstein et al. (2004, 2012) preferred 3.59 Ma for the upper limit of the range of Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina (Schwager). However, Kučera (1998) stressed that the replacement of S. seminulina by Sphaeroidinella dehiscens sensu stricto, which is distinguished by the development of a large supplementary aperture, occurred in the Atlantic and Indian oceans and the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean over a short time span of about 50 kyr between 3.5—3.6 Ma. Kučera (1998) referred to this horizon as the “Sphaeroidinella event.” This event approximately predates the top of Pl3 by 0.4 myr (Berggren et al., 1995). This age discrepancy can probably be ascribed to several factors, including recognition of the last appearance datum of Sphaeroidinellopsis spp. and/or rapid relative decrease of S. seminulina vsS. dehiscens sensu stricto, and identification of the primitive form of S. dehiscens. Kučera (1998) documented survivors of S. sminulina to range in age to ca. 2 Ma, while Berggren et al. (1995) had earlier suggested that the development of S. dehiscens sensu stricto occurred in the upper part of Pl3. Li et al. (2005) recorded the first occurrence of S. dehiscens in the South China Sea and estimated the age at ca. 3.6 Ma, which is close to that of the Sphaeroidinella event. In any case, our material does not comprise any specimens that are difficult to assign generically; the Sphaeroidinella event is documented between Samples 15 and 7 of the Yonahama Formation.

The age of the last occurrence of Dentoglobigerina altispira, which marks the top of Pl4, was estimated at 3.09 Ma by Berggren et al. (1995) and 3.47 Ma by Gradstein et al. (2004, 2012). This level is between Sample 8 (outcrop YH7; Yonahama Formation) and Sample 9 (outcrop MB1; Minebari Formation). In other words, it is close to the boundary of the Yonahama and Minebari formations. Ujiié and Oki (1974) also recorded the last occurrence of D. altispira in the highest sample of the Yonahama Formation, whereas Nakagawa et al. (1976) noted it from the lowest sample of the Minebari Formation.

Oda (1978) regarded Globorotalia conoidea to be a useful mid-latitude marker, the last occurrence of which lies between that of Globorotalia margaritae and Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina, in the lower part of Pl3. Keller (1978a) also indicated that G. conoidea and Globorotalia conomiozea disappeared slightly above the N19/N21 boundary in the central North Pacific or in N21 in the southwest Pacific, after the disappearance of Sphaeroidinellopsis spp. The last occurrence of G. conoidea, however, is found in Pl4 in the present study. Consequently, we cannot regard this horizon as a useful biohorizon for correlation over large areas.

The age of the last occurrence of Globigerinoides obliquus in the Pacific region has not been assessed in detail. The last occurrence of Globigerinoides extremus was estimated at 1.98 Ma in the South Atlantic (Gradstein et al., 2012), and this date was applied to the South China Sea by Li et al. (2009). The age of the last occurrence of Globoturborotalita decoraperta (Takayanagi) was estimated at 2.75 Ma in the South Atlantic (Gradstein et al., 2012), but that of this species has not yet been well documented from the Pacific region. Ujiié and Oki (1974) reported the co-occurrence of G. obliquus, G. extremus, and G. decoraperta in an assemblage that contains Globorotalia truncatulinoides. The last occurrence datums of these species are not well established; thus, we do not use them for determining these dates .

Globorotalia tosaensis has not been found in the present study. Its first appearance is inferred to be in Pl5 in the Pacific region (3.35 Ma; Saito, 1999), which covers the stratigraphical range of the present work. Why this species is absent from our material is unknown. Ujiié and Oki (1974) recorded G. tosaensis from the Minebari Formation; however, their G. tosaensis co-occurs with descendant G. truncatulinoides. Therefore, the first occurrence of G. tosaensis in Miyakojima indicates a younger date of Pl4 than known to date.

Globorotalia truncatulinoides is also absent from the study material. Previously, its first appearance has been regarded to be a good indicator of the former Pliocene/Pleistocene (P/P) boundary (1.81 Ma; e.g., Blow, 1969; Bolli and Saunders, 1985). Subsequently, it was extended downwards, close to the Gauss/Matsuyama Chron (C2r/C2An, approximately 2.58 Ma) in the southeast Pacific (Berggren et al., 1995; Gradstein et al., 2012). It is about 0.81 myr[AUTHOR: is “myr” correct?] older than the age of P/P boundary of former definition. The level of the P/P boundary is revised as the Neogene/Quaternary boundary on the basis of the Gelasian Stage (2.58 Ma; Gibbard et al., 2010) which was once included in Pliocene. A general dating of the first occurrence datum of G. truncatulinoides in the northwest Pacific region has not yet been obtained, but it seems natural to assume that it was simultaneous in the North and South Pacific and close to the age of the newly defined P/P boundary. To explain the absence of G. truncatulinoides in our material, we offer two interpretations here. Firstly, our material does not cover that specific level as it does not extend to the horizon of the first occurrence of G. truncatulinoides by Ujiié and Ōki (1974). Their sampling location, which yielded G. truncatulinoides, is close to the Hennazaki (cape) in Miyakojima, where the uppermost part of the Minebari Formation crops out. Secondly, the appropriate oceanographic environment for G. truncatulinoides could not have developed, which prevented its spread during the early stage of its development. The latter explanation is supported by the absence of its ancestor, G. tosaensis. However, Tsuburaya and Sato (1985) recorded G. tosaensis and G. truncatulinoides from a borehole 24 km offshore Miyakojima. Therefore, the distribution of these two species is inferred to be geographically and stratigraphically heterogeneous. In addition, it is not known whether the age of the uppermost level in the present study is Pleistocene or not.

One sample from the Yonahama Formation in the Sugama area (southwest Miyakojima) documents zone Pl2, which is correlative with the lower part of the same formation in the east coast section, on the basis of the occurrence of Globorotalia margatiae and the absence of Globoturborotalita nepenthes.

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

The suprageneric classification of foraminifera has been debated during the last decade from the viewpoint of molecular phylogeny (e.g., Darling et al., 1997; Schweizer et al., 2008, 2009; Pawlowski et al., 2013). Such an approach is expected to lead to drastic revision of our understanding of classification. Below, we shall refrain from discussion of the taxonomy of suprageneric, and basically adopt the concept of Loeblich and Tappan (1987). Exceptions are noted in the ‘Remarks’ section.

Reports of Recent and fossil foraminifera from around the tropical-subtropical Pacific Ocean are too numerous to be listed here in full. Our systematic review focuses on those from around the Ryukyu Islands and includes several major monographs of material from the southwest Pacific Ocean, southeast Asia, and their marginal seas.

All specimens in the present study are stored in the collections of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. Specimens illustrated are access numbered on mounted microslides and have the prefix of MPC.

Order FORAMINIFERIDA Eichwald, 1830
Suborder TEXTULARIINA Delage and Hérouard, 1896
Superfamily HORMOSINOIDEA Haeckel, 1894
Family HORMOSINIDAE Haeckel, 1894

Subfamily REOPHACINAE Cushman, 1910
Genus HORMOSINELLA Shchedrina, 1969
Hormosinella distans (Brady)
Figure 6.3

1881 Reophax distans Brady, p. 50.

1994 Hormosinella distans (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 16, pl. 5, figs. 15—17.

Occurrence. A single specimen from one sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Superfamily HAPLOPHRAGMIOIDEA Eimer and Fickert, 1899
Family AMMOSPHRAEROIDINIDAE Cushman, 1927a
Subfamily AMMOSPHAEROIDININAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus AMMOSPHAEROIDINA Cushman, 1910
Ammosphaeroidina sphaeroidiniformis (Brady)
Figures 6.5, 6.6

1884 Haplophragmium sphaeroidiniforme Brady, p. 313.

1994 Ammosphaeroidina sphaeroidiniformis (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 18, pl. 9, figs. 7—14.

Remarks. The present specimens exhibit indistinct sutures and a coarse surface, but are regarded to fall within the range of variation of the species.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation.

Superfamily SPIROPLECTAMMINOIDEA Cushman, 1927a
Family SPIROPLECTAMMINIDAE Cushman, 1927a
Subfamily SPIROPLECTAMMININAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus SPIROPLECTINELA Kisel’man, 1972
Spiroplectinella wrightii (Silvestri)
Figures 6.7, 6.8

1903 Spiroplecta wrightii Silvestri, p. 59, text-figs. 1—6.

1953 Spiroplectammina higuchii Takayanagi, p. 27, pl. 4, fig. 1.

1968 Spiroplectammina sagittula (Soldani)—Huang, pl. 12, fig. 3 (non Polymorpha sagittulae Soldani, 1791 = Textularia sagittula Soldani var. soldanii Fornasini, 1883, pp. 183, 184, pl. 2, fig. 2).

1987 Spiroplectinella wrightii (Silvestri)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 120, pl. 1—10.

1990 Spiroplectammina higuchii Takayanagi—Akimoto, p. 213, pl. 14, fig. 4.

1994 Spiroplectinella wrightii (Silvestri)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 20, pl. 15, figs. 15—18.

2002 Spiroplectinella higuchii (Takayanagi)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 1.

2002 Spirorutilis sp.— Kaminski, Aksu, Box, Hiscott, Filipescu, and Al-Salameen, p. 195, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4.

2012 Spiroplectinella sagittula s.l. (Defrance)—Milker and Schmiedl, p. 34, figs. 9.19—9.21 (non Textularia sagittula Defrance, 1824, p. 177).

Diagnosis. Triangular, of moderate size for the genus, chambers not inflated, increasing slowly as added, sutures depressed, periphery bluntly angled, wall finely agglutinated, aperture low arched at base of final chamber.

Remarks.Textularia saggitula Defrance (or d’Orbigny) has been referred to as Spiroplectammina sagittula by many workers, although it is the type species of the genus Textularia and differs from S. wrightii (Loeblich and Tappan, 1987; Kaminski et al., 2002) . Spiroplectammina higuchii is regarded as a synonym.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Family DUQUEPSAMMINIDAE Seiglie and Barker, 1987
Genus DUQUEPSAMMIA Seiglie and Barker, 1987
Duquepsammia bulbosa (Cushman)
Figures 6.9, 6.10

1900 Spiroplecta annectens Parker and Jones—Millett (part VII), p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 7 (non Textularia annectens Parker and Jones, 1863).

1911 Spiroplecta bulbosa Cushman, p. 5, text-fig. 1.

1921 Spiroplecta bulbosa Cushman, p. 102, pl. 20, fig. 1.

1941 Spiroplectoides bulbosus (Cushman)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 31, pl. 3, figs. 95, 96.

1953 Bolivinopsis hiratai Uchio, p. 153, pl. 14, fig. 5.

1964 Bolivinopsis hiratai Uchio—LeRoy, p. F29, pl. 1, fig. 10.

1977 Spirobolivina(?) antarctica McCulloch, p. 243, 244, pl. 102, fig. 17.

1992 Spiroplectammina bulbosa (Cushman)—Hatta and Ujiié (a), p. 56, pl. 1, fig. 6.

1994 Duquepsammia bulbosa (Cushman)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 20, pl. 17, figs. 5, 6.

1998 Duquepsammia bulbosa (Cushman)—Hess, p. 60, pl. 8, fig. 4.

Diagnosis. Small for the genus, early planispiral stage involute, later biserial stage tends to become elongate with growth, wall finely agglutinated with much cement which results in slightly transparent wall, periphery acute.

Remarks.Textularia annectens Parker and Jones [= Spiroplectella earlandi Barker of Jones 1994, p. 50, pl. 45, figs. 22, 23 = Duquepsammina earlandi (Barker) by Loeblich and Tappan, 1994, p. 20, 21, pl. 17, figs. 1—4], which Millett (1900) referred to, is distinguished from D. bulbosa by its biumbilicate and evolute test in the planispiral stage. Bolivinopsis hiratai Uchio is regarded herein as a junior synonym of this species.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama Formation.

Superfamily VERNEUILINOIDEA Cushman, 1911
Family VERNEUILINIDAE Cushman, 1911
Subfamily VERNEUILININAE Cushman, 1911
Genus GAUDRYINA d’Orbigny, 1839a
Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler
Figures 6.13, 6.14

1927 Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler (a), p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 5.

1950 Gaudryina arenaria Galloway and Wissler—Asano (Part 5), p. 1, text-figs. 1, 2.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations, common in the Minebari Formation.

Gaudryina sp. A
Figures 6.15, 6.16

Diagnosis. Small for the genus, probably juvenile specimens, characterized by finely agglutinated and smooth surface of test, chambers not inflated, sutures flush, angled periphery.

Remarks. We could not assign this form to any species. It is tentatively distinguished as “sp. A.”

Occurrence. Rare to common in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations.

Genus GAUDRYINELLA Plummer, 1931
Gaudryinella cf. japonica Asano
Figures 6.17, 6.18

Compared with:

1950 Gaudryinella japonica Asano, p. 9, pl. 2, figs. 11, 12.

Diagnosis. Large for the genus, wall coarsely agglutinated, chambers increase rapidly in size as added, test around aperture broken.

Remarks. Specimens are etched and reliable identification is difficult.

Occurrence. Two specimens from the Oura Formation.

Superfamily TEXTULARIOIDEA Ehrenberg, 1838
Family EGGERELLIDAE Cushman, 1937b
Subfamily EGGERELLINAE Cushman, 1937b
Genus EGGERELLA Cushman, 1933a
Eggerella bradyi (Cushman)
Figures 6.19, 6.20

1911 Verneuilina bradyi Cushman, pp. 54, 55, text-fig. 87.

1921 Verneuilina bradyi Cushman—Cushman, p. 141, pl. 27, fig. 4.

1941 Eggerella bradyi (Cushman)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 20, 21, pl. 2, figs. 9, 10; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 70, pl. 5, figs. 21, 22.

1964 Eggerella bradyi (Cushman)—LeRoy, p. F18, pl. 1, figs. 13, 14.

1977 Eggerella (?) cf. bradyi Cushman—McCulloch, p. 587, 588, pl. 248, fig. 15.

1989 Eggerella bradyi (Cushman)—Hermelin, p. 32, 33, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2; Inoue, p. 148, pl. 26, fig. 8.

1990 Eggerella bradyi (Cushman)—Ujiié, p. 13, pl. 2, figs. 3—5.

1994 Eggerella bradyi (Cushman)—Jones, p. 51, 52, pl. 47, figs. 4—7; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 25, pl. 28, figs. 9—14.

1995 Eggerella bradyi (Cushman)—Ujiié, p. 58, pl. 3, fig. 4.

1998 Eggerella bradyi (Cushman)—Hess, p. 60, pl. 8, fig. 8.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus KARRERIELLA Cushman, 1933a
Karreriella bradyi (Cushman)
Figures 6.21, 6.22

1911 Gaudryina bradyi Cushman, pp. 67, 68; fig. 107.

1932 Gaudryina bradyi Cushman—Cushman, p. 13, 14; pl. 3, figs. 8, 9.

1964 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman)—LeRoy, p. F18, 19, pl. 1, figs. 22, 23.

1968 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman)—Huang, p. 57, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2, 9, 10.

1977 Karreriella cf. bradyi Cushman—McCulloch, p. 588 pl. 248, fig. 16.

1988 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 124, pl. 12, figs. 7—9; Marle, p. 145, pl. 5, figs. 23, 24.

1992 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman)—Kaiho, pl. 1, fig. 12.

1994 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman)—Jones, p. 50, pl. 46, figs. 1—4; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 25, 26, pl. 30, figs. 8—16.

2002 Karreriella bradyi (Cushman)—Hayward, p. 296, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Minebari and Yonahama formations.

Genus MARTINOTTIELLA Cushman, 1933a
Martinottiella communis (d'Orbigny)
Figures 6.23, 6.24

1826 Clavulina communis d’Orbigny, p. 268.

1846 Clavulina communis d’Orbigny, p. 196, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2.

1911 Clavulina communis d’Orbigny—Cushman, p. 72, figs. 115—117.

1921 Clavulina communis d’Orbigny—Cushman, p. 154, pl. 31, fig. 1.

1932 Clavulina communis d’Orbigny—Cushman, p. 16, pl. 4, fig. 3.

1941 Listerella communis (d’Orbigny) —LeRoy (Part 2), p. 70, pl. 1, figs. 29, 30.

1964 Schenckiella communis (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy, p. F19, pl. 1, fig. 17.

1985 Martinottiella communis (d’Orbigny)—Papp and Schmid, p. 74, 75, pl. 66, figs. 1—8.

1989 Martinottiella communis (d’Orbigny)—Hermelin, p. 34, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6; Inoue, p. 148, 149, pl. 29, fig. 7.

1994 Martinottiella communis (d’Orbigny)—Jones, p. 52, pl. 48, figs. 1—8.

1998 Martinottiella communis (d’Orbigny)—Hess, p. 64, pl. 8, figs. 13, 14.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Martinottiella victorensis (Cushman)
Figures 6.25, 6.26

1937 Listerella victorensis Cushman (a), p. 146, pl. 16, fig. 25.

1950 Schenckiella victorensis (Cushman)—Asano (Part 4), p. 4, text-figs. 24—26.

1964 Schenckiella victorensis (Cushman)—LeRoy, p. F19, pl. 1, fig. 19.

Diagnosis. Mostly of moderate size, but occasionally large for the genus, characterized by longer trochospiral and biserial stages and shorter uniserial stage than Martinottiella communis.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Minebari and Yonahama formations.

Family TEXTULARIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838
Subfamily TEXTULARIINAE Ehrenberg, 1838
Genus BIGENERINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Bigenerina nodosaria d'Orbigny
Figures 7.1, 7.2

1826 Bigenerina nodosaria d’Orbigny, p. 261, pl. 11, figs. 9—11.

1899 Bigenerina nodosaria d’Orbigny—Millett (part VI), p. 564, pl. 7, fig. 13.

1911 Bigenerina nodosaria d’Orbigny—Cushman, p. 27, 28, figs. 46—48.

1994 Bigenerina nodosaria d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 49, pl. 44, figs. 14—18; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 27, pl. 31, figs. 8—12, pl. 32, figs. 11, 12.

Occurrence. Seven specimens from a single sample of the Onogoshi Formation; rare in the Minebari Formation.

Genus TEXTULARIA Defrance, 1824
Textularia agglutinans d'Orbigny
Figures 7.3, 7.4

1839 Textularia agglutinans d’Orbigny (a), p. 144, pl. 1, figs. 17, 18, 32, 34.

1950 Textularia agglutinans d’Orbigny—Asano (Part 3), p. 2, text-figs. 3, 4.

1959 Textularia agglutinans Orbigny—Graham and Militante, p. 26, pl. 1, figs. 18—21.

1992 Textularia agglutinans d’Orbigny—Hatta and Ujiié (a), p. 58, pl. 2, fig. 3.

1994 Textularia agglutinans d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 48, pl. 43, figs. 1—3; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 27, pl. 33, figs. 8—12.

Remarks. Our specimens have an agglutinated wall with coarse sediment particles in comparison to specimens listed above.

Occurrence. Abundant in a single sample of the Oura Formation.

Textularia cf. candeiana d'Orbigny
Figure 7.5

Compared with:

1839 Textularia candeiana d’Orbigny (a), p. 143, pl. 1, figs. 25—27.

1992 Textularia candeiana d’Orbigny—Hatta and Ujiié (a), p. 58, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Remarks. The single specimen available is etched and detailed identification is difficult.

Occurrence. Oura Formation.

Textularia pseudosolita Zheng
Figures 7.6, 7.7

1988 Textularia pseudosolita Zheng, p. 114, 321, pl. 27, fig. 5, pl. 53, fig. 5, text-fig. 32.

1992 Textularia pseudosolita Zheng—Hatta and Ujiié (a), p. 58, pl. 2, fig. 5.

1994 Textularia pseudosolita Zheng—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 29, pl. 36, figs. 5, 6, pl. 37, figs. 9—12.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with broad test with curving sutures and acute periphery.

Occurrence. Rare in the Minebari and Yonahama formations.

Textularia vola Lalicker and McCulloch
Figures 7.8, 7.9

1940 Textularia vola Lalicker and McCulloch, p. 142, 143, pl. 16, fig. 27.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with depressed periphery and near-horizontal, straight sutures.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation.

Textularia sp. A
Figures 7.10, 7.11

Description. Relatively large, up to 1.00 mm in length, rhomboid in cross section; chambers slightly inflated and increasing rapidly in size as added; sutures depressed, dipping to margins; periphery subrounded; wall coarse to moderately agglutinated; aperture small, low arched, interiomarginal at base of last chamber.

Remarks. We distinguish this form tentatively as sp. A. It is a shallow-marine inhabitant, occurring abundantly in our samples, which is why it could have been described from elsewhere, although we could not find any previous record.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Oura Formation.

Subfamily SIPHOTEXTULARIINAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1985
Genus SIPHOTEXTULARIA Finlay, 1939
Siphotextularia foliosa Zheng
Figures 7.12, 7.13

1988 Siphotextularia foliosa Zheng, pp. 126, 324, pl. 38, figs. 1, 2.

1994 Siphotextularia foliosa Zheng—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 30, 31, pl. 42, figs. 1—6.

Diagnosis. Small species with inflated form, maximum width at mid-test length, with short protrusion of aperture.

Remarks. All specimens are distorted and do not retain their original morphology, but such plasticity seems to characterize this species.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Family PSEUDOGAUDRYINIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1985
Subfamily PSEUDOGAUDRYININAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1985
Genus PSEUDOCLAVULINA Cushman, 1936
Pseudoclavulina serventyi (Chapman and Parr)
Figures 7.14, 7.15

1935 Clavulina serventyi Chapman and Parr, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 7.

1941 Pseudoclavulina aff. anglica Cushman—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 20, pl. 3, figs. 56, 57.

1992 Pseudoclavulina serventyi (Chapman and Parr)—Hatta and Ujiié (a), p. 60, pl. 3, fig. 4.

1994 Pseudoclavulina serventyi (Chapman and Parr)—Jones, p. 53, pl. 48, figs. 14—16; Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 32, 33, pl. 45, figs. 12—19.

Remarks. LeRoy (1941, part 1) compared this species with Pseudoclavulina anglica Cushman (1936) which was originally described from the Eocene. Pseudoclavulina anglica closely resembles P. serventyi, and could turn out to be synonymous if the stratigraphic range of the species can be confirmed to be continuous.

Occurrence. Four specimens from the Oura Formation, a single specimen from the Onogoshi Formation.

Family VALVULINIDAE Berthelin, 1880
Subfamily VALVULININAE Berthelin, 1880
Genus CLAVULINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Clavulina multicamerata Chapman
Figures 7.16, 7.17

1907 Clavulina multicamerata Chapman, p. 127, pl. 9, fig. 5.

1994 Clavulina multicamerata Chapman—Jones, p. 53, pl. 48, figs. 17, 18; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 33, 34, pl. 47, figs. 11—15.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Oura Formation, rare in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Genus CRIBROGOESELLA Cushman, 1935
Cribrogoesella robusta (Brady)
Figures 7.18, 7.19

1881 Bigenerina robusta Brady, p. 53, 54.

1987 Cribrogoesella robusta (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 201, figs. 1—4.

1994 Cribrogoesella robusta (Brady)—Jones, pp. 49, 50, pl. 45, figs. 9—16.

Diagnosis. Test large, growing rapidly from biserial to uniserial stages, aperture consisting of irregular fissure-like openings at top of final chamber.

Remarks. Although preservation is not good, the characteristic aperture is seen in all specimens.

Occurrence. Four specimens from the Oura Formation.

Suborder MILIOLINA Delage and Hérouard, 1896
Superfamily MILIOLOIDEA Ehrenberg, 1839
Family SPIROLOCULINIDAE Wiesner, 1920
Genus ADELOSINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Adelosina schreibersii (d'Orbigny)
Figure 8.1

1846 Quinqueloculina schreibersii d’Orbigny, p. 296, pl. 19, figs. 22—24.

1985 Adelosina schreibersii (d’Orbigny) — Papp and Schmid, pp. 103, 104, 106, pl. 98, figs. 6—8, pl. 99, figs. 1—10, 13, pl. 102, figs. 9—14.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Family HAUERINIDAE Schwager, 1876
Subfamily SIPHONAPERTINAE Saidova, 1975
Genus AMMOMASSILINA Cushman, 1933a
Ammomassilina alveoliniformis (Millett
Figures 8.2, 8.3

1898 Massilina alveoliniformis Millett (part III), p. 609, pl. 13, figs. 5—7.

1956 Massilina alveoliniformis Millett—Asano (b), p. 65, pl. 7, fig. 11.

1959 Ammomassilina alveoliniformis (Millett)—Graham and Militante, p. 33, pl. 3, fig. 1.

1994 Ammomassilina alveoliniformis (Millett)—Jones, p. 24, pl. 8, fig. 13; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 45, pl. 5, figs. 1—5, pl. 69, figs. 1, 2.

1998 Ammomassilina alveoliniformis (Millett)—Hess, pp. 56, 57, pl. 8, fig. 4.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Oura, Onogoshi, and Minebari formations.

Subfamily HAUERININAE Schwager, 1876
Genus CYCLOFORINA Łuczkowska, 1972
Cycloforina rugosa (d'Orbigny)
Figure 8.4

1826 Quinqueloculina rugosa d’Orbigny, p. 302. (?nomen nudum).

1992 Quinqueloculina rugosa d’Orbigny—Hatta and Ujiié (a), p. 68, pl. 8, fig. 6.

Remarks. Genus Cycloforina is distinguished from Quinqueloculina mainly by lack of chamber floor attaching penultimate chambers in adult specimen.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Oura Formation.

Genus MASSILINA Schlumberger, 1893
Massilina minuta Collins
Figures 8.5, 8.6

1958 Massilina minuta Collins, p. 362, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2.

1994 Massilina minuta Collins—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 47, pl. 75, figs. 7—12.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Genus QUINQUELOCULINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny
Figures 8.7, 8.8

1846 Quinqueloculina akneriana d’Orbigny, p. 290, pl. 18, figs. 16—21.

1941 Quinqueloculina akneriana d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 71, pl. 5, figs. 9, 10, 15, 16.

1964 Quinqueloculina akneriana d’Orbigny—LeRoy, p. F19, pl. 12, figs. 13, 14.

1985 Quinqueloculina akneriana d’Orbigny—Papp and Schmid, p. 100, pl. 95, figs. 1—5, p. 97, pl. 91, figs. 1—4.

Occurrence. Ten specimens from one sample of the Oura Formation.

Quinqueloculina auberiana d'Orbigny
Figures 8.9, 8.10

1839 Quinqueloculina auberiana d’Orbigny (a), p. 193, pl. 12, figs. 1—3.

1994 Quinqueloculina auberiana d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 21, pl. 5, figs. 8, 9.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation.

Quinqueloculina sagamiensis Asano
Figure 8.11

1936 Quinqueloculina sagamiensis Asano (b), p. 612, pl. 30, fig. 5.

1956 Quinqueloculina sagamiensis Asano—Asano (b), p. 61, pl. 7, fig. 16.

1964 Quinqueloculina sagamiensis Asano—LeRoy, p. F19, pl. 12, figs. 17, 18.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus)
Figures 8.12, 8.13

1758 Serpula seminulum Linnaeus, p. 786.

1944 Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linné)—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 77, pl. 7, figs. 11—13.

1956 Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linné)—Asano (b), pp. 61, 62, pl. 8, fig. 9, pl. 9, fig. 14.

1959 Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linné)—Graham and Militante, p. 48, pl. 6, fig. 6.

1988 Quinqueloculina seminula (Linné)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 129, pl. 14, figs. 12, 13.

1989 Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linné)—Inoue, pl. 20, fig. 7, pl. 30, fig. 9.

1992 Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus)—Hatta and Ujiié (a), p. 69, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2.

1994 Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus)—Jones, p. 21, pl. 5, fig. 6; Akimoto, p. 285, pl. 4, fig. 12.

1998 Quinqueloculina seminula (Linné)—Hess, pp. 88, 89, pl. 9, fig. 8.

1999 Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus)—Fujita, Nishi, and Saito, pl. 2, fig. 5.

2001 Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linnaeus)—Kawagata, pp. 70, 71, figs. 4—10.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Oura Formation, sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Quinqueloculina starkeri Loeblich and Tappan
Figures 8.14, 8.15

1953 Quinqueloculina starkeri Loeblich and Tappan, p. 40, pl. 5, figs. 5—7, 9.

1989 Quinqueloculina starkeri Loeblich and Tappan—Ōki, pp. 88, 89, pl. 5, fig. 5.

1995 Quinqueloculina starkeri Loeblich and Tappan—Ujiié, p. 58, pl. 3, fig. 5.

Diagnosis. Small species with inflated chambers, thin and slightly coarse wall, depressed sutures, and wide aperture.

Occurrence. Four specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Subfamily MILIOLINELLINAE Vella, 1957
Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824
Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager)
Figure 8.16

1866 Biloculina murrhina Schwager, p. 203, pl. 4, fig. 16.

1932 Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager) —Cushman, pp. 64, 65, pl. 15, figs. 1—3.

1989 Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager) —Hermelin, pp. 36, 37, pl. 2, figs. 12, 15, 16; Inoue, pl. 27, fig. 7.

1990 Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager) —Ujiié, p. 16, pl. 4, figs. 3—5.

1994 Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager) —Jones, pp. 18, 19, pl. 2, figs. 10, 11, 15; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 54, pl. 91, figs. 11—15.

1998 Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager) —Hess, p. 88, pl. 9, fig. 1.

2000 Pyrgo murrhina (Schwager) —Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 144, pl. 1, fig. 5.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Pyrgo simplex (d’Orbigny)
Figure 9.2

1846 Biloculina simplex d’Orbigny, p. 264, pl. 15, figs. 25—27.

1985 Pyrgo simplex (d’Orbigny) —Papp and Schmidt, pp. 88, 89, pl. 83, figs. 1—6.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with inflated chambers resulting in near-circular cross section and rounded periphery.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Pyrgo subsphaerica (d'Orbigny)
Figure 9.1

1839 Biloculina subsphaerica d’Orbigny (a), p. 162, pl. 8, figs. 25—27.

1964 Pyrgo subshaerica (d’Orbigny)— LeRoy, p. F21, pl. 12, figs. 34, 35.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Genus TRILOCULINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Triloculina tricarinata Parker, Jones, and Brady
Figure 9.3

1826 ? Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny, p. 299. (nomen nudum).

1865 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—Parker, Jones, and Brady, p. 34, pl. 1, fig. 8.

1932 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—Cushman, p. 59, pl. 13, fig. 3.

1941 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 3), p. 113, pl. 1, figs. 18, 19.

1959 Triloculina tricarinata Orbigny—Graham and Militante, pp. 57, 58, pl. 8, fig. 14.

1964 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—LeRoy, p. F20, pl. 3, figs. 32, 33.

1988 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—Marle, p. 149, pl. 4, fig. 24.

1989 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—Ōki, p. 90, pl. 5, fig. 9; Hermelin, pp. 38, 39, pl. 3, figs. 6, 7.

1990 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—Akimoto, p. 214, pl. 22, fig. 7; Ujiié, p. 15, pl. 3, fig. 6.

1992 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—Hatta and Ujiié (a), pp. 75, 76, pl. 12, fig. 8.

1994 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 56, pl. 96, figs. 1—7.

1994 Triloculina tricarinata sensu Parker, Jones, and Brady—Jones, p. 20, pl. 3, fig. 17.

1998 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—Hess, p. 91, pl. 9, fig. 10.

2002 Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 10, pl. 20, fig. 4.

Remarks. Jones (1994) noted the taxonomic invalidity of the original description by d’Orbigny (1826) and accepted Parker et al. (1895) as authors of this taxon.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Subfamily SIGMOILINITINAE Łuczkowska, 1974
Genus SIGMOILINA Schlumberger, 1887
Sigmoilina cf. sigmoidea (Brady)
Figure 9.4

Compared with:

1994 Sigmoilina sigmoidea (Brady)—Jones, p. 18, pl. 2, figs. 1—3.

Remarks. Due to poor preservation, detailed identification is difficult, but the sigmoidal cross section and fine white porcellaneous wall are typical features of S. sigmoidea.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Genus SPIROSIGMOILINA Parr, 1942
Spirosigmoilina tenuis (Cžjžek)
Figures 9.5, 9.6

1848 Quinqueloculina tenuis Cžjžek, p. 149.

1964 Sigmoilinita tenuis (Cžjžek) —LeRoy, p. F20, pl. 16, figs. 32, 33.

1977 Sigmoilinita tenuis (Cžjžek) —McCulloch, p. 536, pl. 227, figs. 1, 2.

1987 Sigmoilinita tenuis (Cžjžek) —Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 35, figs. 14—18 (redrawn of Seiglie’s (1965) figures).

1988 Sigmoilinita tenuis (Cžjžek) —Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 130, 131, pl. 15, figs. 3, 4.

1994 Spirosigmoilina tenuis (Cžjžek)—Jones, p. 26, pl. 10, figs. 7, 8, 11.

Remarks. Jones (1994) regarded the genus Spirosigmoilina as a senior synonym of Sigmoilinita Seiglie (1965); we concur .

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Oura, Onogoshi, and Yonahama formations.

Spirosigmoilina pusilla (Earland)
Figures 9.7, 9.8

1934 Spiroloculina pusilla Earland, p. 47, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4.

1921 Spiroloculina tenuissima Reuss—Cushman, p. 400, pl. 84, figs. 2, 3 (non Reuss, 1867).

1989 Opthalmidium pusillum (Earland)—Hermelin, p. 35, pl. 2, fig. 10.

1992 Opthalmidium pusillum (Earland)—Kaiho, pl. 2, fig. 3.

1994 Spirosigmoilina pusilla (Earland)—Jones, p. 26, pl. 10, figs. 9, 10.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Genus SIGMOILOPSIS Finlay, 1947
Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silverstri)
Figures 9.9, 9.10

1904 Sigmoilina schlumbergeri Silvestri, p. 267.

1941 Sigmoilina schlumbergeri Silvestri—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 72, pl. 7, figs. 31, 32.

1988 Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silvestri)—Marle, p. 149, pl. 5, fig. 25.

1989 Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silvestri)—Ōki, p. 89, pl. 5, fig. 7.

1990 Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silvestri)—Akimoto, p. 212, pl. 17, fig. 8, pl. 22, fig. 8; Ujiié, p. 16, 17, pl. 3, fig. 10.

1994 Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silvestri)—Jones, pp. 23, 24, pl. 8, figs. 1—4; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 59, pl. 103, figs. 9—12; Akimoto, p. 286, pl. 4, fig. 15.

2001 Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silvestri)—Kawagata, p. 74, fig. 18.2

Occurrence. Common in all formations covered in the present study.

Suborder LAGENINA Delage and Hérouard, 1896
Superfamily NODOSARIOIDEA Ehrenberg, 1838
Family NODOSARIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838
Subfamily NODOSARIINAE Ehrenberg, 1838
Genus CHRYSALOGONIUM Schubert, 1908
Chrysalogonium deceptorium (Schwager)
Figure 9.14

1866 Nodosaria deceptoria Schwager, p. 212, pl. 5, fig. 30.

1941 Nodosaria spirostriolata Cushman—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 75, pl. 5, fig. 23 (non Cushman, 1921).

1964 Nodosaria spirostriolata Cushman—LeRoy, p. F24, pl. 15, fig. 13.

1968 Nodosaria spirostriolata Cushman—Huang, p. 58, pl. 13, fig. 21.

2002 Dentalina deceptoria (Schwager) —Hayward, p. 298, pl. 2, figs. 28, 29.

2012 Chrysalogonium deceptorium (Schwager)—Hayward, Kawagata, Sabaa, Grenfell, Kerckhoven, Johnson, and Thomas, pp. 118, 119, pl. 4, figs. 9—16.

Remarks. This species has approximately 20 raised longitudinal striations, whereas Nodosaria spirostriolata Cushman has numerous (up to 40-50) fine longitudinal striations.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Chrysalogonium equisetiformis (Schwager)
Figure 9.11

1866 Nodosaria equisetiformis Schwager, p. 231, pl. 6, fig. 66.

2002 Chrysalogonium equisetiformis (Schwager)—Hayward, p. 297, pl. 1, figs. 13, 14.

2012 Chrysalogonium equisetiformis (Schwager)—Hayward, Kawagata, Sabaa, Grenfell, Kerckhoven, Johnson, and Thomas, pp. 119, 120, pl. 4, figs. 17—22.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Genus DENTALINA Risso, 1826
Dentalina albatrossi (Cushman)
Figures 9.12, 9.13

1923 Nodosaria vertebralis (Batsch) var. albatrossi Cushman, p. 47, pl. 15, fig. 1.

1964 Nodosaria vertebralis (Batsch) var. albatrossi LeRoy, p. F25, pl. 15, fig. 12.

1994 Dentalina albatrossi (Cushman)—Jones, p. 76, pl. 64, figs. 11, 12, 14.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Dentalina aff. catenulata (Brady)
Figures 9.15, 9.16

Compared with:

1994 Dentalina catenulata (Brady)—Jones, p. 75, pl. 63, figs. 32—34.

Remarks. Specimens from Miyakojima Island have more numerous longitudinal striations than typical D. catenulata .

Occurrence. A single specimen each from the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations.

Dentalina mutsui Hada
Figures 9.17, 9.18

1931 Dentalina mutsui Hada, p. 97, text-fig. 50.

1994 Dentalina mutsui Hada —Loeblich and Tappan, p. 63, pl. 113, figs. 5—9.

Occurrence. Sporadic in all formations covered in the present study.

Dentalina sp. A
Figure 9.19

Description. Test elongate and very slightly curved; large for the genus, up to 3.4 mm in length, 0.4 mm in diameter; chambers not inflated, almost of similar width and length, enlarging slowly as added; sutures slightly depressed; wall finely perforated; numerous longitudinal striations transverse to sutures; aperture terminal, circular, radiating slits obscured due to poor preservation.

Remarks. This form resembles Dentalina flintii (Cushman) (e.g., Jones 1994, p. 76, pl. 64, figs. 20—22) and Nodosaria spirostriolata Cushman (1917), but chambers are less inflated than in the former, and the test is slightly more curved than the latter.

Occurrence. A single partly broken specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Genus GRIGELIS Mikhalevich, 1981
Grigelis orectus Loeblich and Tappan
Figures 10.1, 10.2

1987 Grigelis guttifera (d’Orbigny) —Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 441, figs. 2, 3 (non Dentalina guttifera d’Orbigny, 1846).

1994 Grigelis orectus Loeblich and Tappan, p. 64, pl. 115, fig. 22.

Occurrence. Two unilocular (broken) specimens from a single sample of the Onogoshi Formation.

Genus LAEVIDENTALINA Loeblich and Tappan, 1986
Laevidentalina advena (Cushman)
Figures 10.3, 10.4

1923 Nodosaria advena Cushman, p. 79, pl. 14, fig. 12.

1964 Dentalina advena (Cushman)—LeRoy, p. F23, pl. 15, fig. 31.

1988 Dentalina advena (Cushman)—Marle, p. 141. Pl. 2, fig. 11.

1994 Dentalina advena (Cushman)—Jones, p. 74, pl. 63, fig 1.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with inflated chambers and slightly curved and depressed sutures.

Remarks. Genus Laevidentalina is applied in this study for former Dentalina species lacking longitudinal costae.

Occurrence. Rare in the Minebari Formation.

Laevidentalina antarctica (Parr)
Figure 10.5

1950 Dentalina antarctica Parr, p. 329, pl. 11, figs. 26, 27.

1994 Laevidentalina antarctica (Parr)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 64, pl. 115, figs. 11—13.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Laevidentalina ariena (Patterson and Pettis)
Figures 10.6, 10.7

1894 Nodosaria intorta Dervieux, p. 610, pl. 5, figs. 32—34.

1938 Dentalina mucronata Neugeboren—Asano (a), p. 213, pl. 25, fig. 33. (non Neugeboren, 1856).

1956 Dentalina mucronata Neugeboren—Asano (a), p. 14, 15, pl. 4, figs. 27, 28. (non Neugeboren, 1856).

1986 Dentalina ariena Patterson and Pettis, new name for Nodosaria intorta Dervieux, 1894.

1994 Dentalina ariena Patterson and Pettis—Jones, p. 74, pl. 62, figs. 27—31.

1990 Dentalina curta Ujiié, p. 17, pl. 4, figs. 10, 11.

1994 Laevidentalina curta (Ujiié) —Loeblich and Tappan, p. 65, pl. 115, figs. 14, 15.

Diagnosis. Small-sized species, with arched shape and flush sutures, smooth appearance.

Remarks. Japanese workers have referred to this species as D. mucronata, probably following the identification in the ‘Challenger Report’ by Brady (1884). Jones (1994) revised this to D. ariena ; we concur. Nomenclature Nodosaria intorta Dervieux was replaced by D. ariena as new name by Patterson and Pettis (1986) due to homonym relationship with Dentalina intorta Terquem; the homonymy persists, since both should be assigned to the same genus Laevidentalina.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Laevidentalina bradyensis (Dervieux)
Figure 10.8

1894 Nodosaria inornata d’Orbigny var. bradyensis Dervieux, p. 610, pl. 5, figs. 30, 31.

1923 Nodosaria communis d’Orbigny—Cushman, pp. 75, 76, pl. 12, figs. 3, 4, 15—17 (non d’Orbigny, 1826)

1994 Dentalina bradyensis (Dervieux) —Jones, pp. 73, 74, pl. 62, figs. 19, 20.

1994 Laevidentalina bradyensis (Dervieux)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 64, pl. 114, figs. 1—9, pl. 115, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Laevidentalina subemaciata (Parr)
Figures 10.9, 10.10

1950 Dentalina subemaciata Parr, p. 329, pl. 12, fig. 1.

1994 Dentalina subemaciata Parr—Jones, p. 74, pl. 62, figs. 25, 26.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with near-circular cross section and irregular chamber growth which results in preceding chambers being occasionally more inflated than later ones.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Laevidentalina sp. A
Figure 10.11

Description. Test elongate; very slightly curved; bilaterally compressed, and ovoid in cross section; chambers very slightly inflated; periphery rounded; sutures not depressed and gently oblique to outer arc; aperture protruding at end of test, on extension of inner arc; surface smooth and finely perforated; Initial chamber and apertural end broken.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Genus MUCRONINA Ehrenberg, 1839
Mucronina hasta (Parker, Jones, and Brady)
Figure 10.12

1826 Nodosaria (les Mcronines) hasta d’Orbigny, p. 256 (nomen nudum).

1865 Nodosaria hasta d’Orbigny—Parker, Jones, and Brady, p. 27, pl. 1, fig. 29.

1987 Mucronina hasta (d’Orbigny) —Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 440, figs. 1—8.

Remarks. This is the type species of the genus Mucronina. Only a single broken specimen is available; this shows typical features of the species including a depressed hexagonal cross section and peripheral keels.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Genus PSEUDONODOSARIA Boomgaart, 1949
Pseudonodosaria discreta (Reuss)
Figures 10.15-10.18

1850 Glandulina discreta Reuss, p. 366, pl. 46, fig. 3.

1987 Pseudonodosaria discreta (Reuss)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 439, figs. 6—8.

1994 Pseudonodosaria discreta (Reuss)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 66, pl. 117, figs. 1—6.

Remarks. Microspheric form showing subacute pointed tip in initial chamber; megalospheric form with inflated globular initial chamber.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Subfamily PLECTOFRONDICULARIINAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus PARAFRONDICULARIA Asano, 1938a
Parafrondicularia helenae (Chapman)
Figures 10.19, 10.20

1941 Parafrodicularia helenae Chapman, pp. 154, 170, pl. 9, fig. 5.

1941 Plectofrondicularia interrupta (Karrer)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 31, pl. 3, figs. 49, 50. (non Frondicularia interrupta Karrer, 1877).

1964 Plectofrondicularia interrupta (Karrer)—LeRoy, p. F29, pl. 5, fig. 25.

1994 Plectofrondicularia helenae (Chapman)—Jones, p. 78, pl. 66, figs. 6, 7.

Remarks. According to Jones (1994), P. interrupta is a junior synonym of the other valid species, P. helenae . Parafrondicularia japonica Asano (1938a), type species of the genus Parafrondicularia, resembles P. helenae, but it can be differentiated by the character of the longitudinal striations that do not extend over the sutures as clearly illustrated by Aoki (1968) as Plectofrondicularia japonica (Asano). The genus Parafrondicularia is distinguished from Plectofrondicularia in having a longer biserial juvenile stage. If we regard such a feature to fall within the range of variation of the genus Plectofrondicularia as Jones (1994) did, there is the problem of homonymy between Plectofrondicularia japonica Asano (1953) and Parafrondicularia japonica Asano (1938a).

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations.

Genus PROXIFRONS Vella, 1963
Proxifrons inaequalis (Costa)
Figures 10.21, 10.22

1857 Frondicularia inaequalis Costa, p. 372, pl. 3, fig. 3.

1866 Frondicularia foliacea Schwager, p. 236, pl. 6, fig. 76.

1938 Frondicularia foliacea Schwager—Asano (a), p. 118, pl. 28, fig. 16.

1964 Plectofrondicularia foliacea (Schwager)—LeRoy, p. F29, pl. 11, fig. 18.

2002 Prolixifrons inaequalis (Costa)—Hayward, p. 300, pl. 2, figs. 4—9.

Remarks. All specimens are broken due to their thin wall.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Family VAGINULINIDAE Reuss, 1860
Subfamily LENTICULININAE Chapman, Parr, and Collins, 1934
Genus LENTICULINA Lamarck, 1804
Lenticulina aculeata (d'Orbigny)
Figures 10.23, 10.24

1798 Nautilus calcar Linné varietas ϑ (theta) Fichtel and Moll, p. 79, pl. 12, figs. I, k. (non Nautilus calcar Linné, 1758, p. 709, no. 235).

1798 Nautilus calcar Linné varietas µ(mu) Fichtel and Moll, p. 79, pl. 13, figs. h, i.

1826 Robulina aculeana d’Orbigny, p. 289.

1923 Robulus calcar (Linné) —Cushman, pp. 7, 8, pl. 2, fig. 3.

1941 Robulus calcar (Linné) —LeRoy (Part 1), p. 24, pl. 1, figs. 88—89.

1964 Robulus calcar (Linné) —LeRoy, p. F22, pl. 4, figs. 14, 15.

1984 Lenticulina aculeata (d’Orbigny) —Rögl and Hansen, p. 56, pl. 19, fig. 3, p. 58, pl. 19, fig. 4, text-fig. 22.

1988 Lenticulina calcar (Linné) —Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 141, 142, pl. 18, fig. 1.

1989 Lenticulina calcar (Linné) —Ōki, p. 97, pl. 7, fig. 3.

1990 Robulus calcar (Linné) —Akimoto, p. 210, pl. 15, fig. 10, pl. 17, fig. 6.

1994 Lenticulina calcar (Linné) —Jones, pp. 81, 82, pl. 70, figs. 9—12; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 68, pl. 120, figs. 1—8.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with five chambers in final whorl, slightly raised sutures, and spines protruding from the middle of the peripheral keel of each chamber.

Remarks. As listed above, many workers have identified this species as L. calcar. According to Rögl and Hansen (1984), however, L. calcar has numerous chambers (up to seven or ten) in final whorl; while L. aculeata has about five, more inflated, and lobulate chambers.

Occurrence. Common in all formations studied here.

Lenticulina cultrata (de Montfort)
Figures 11.1, 11.2

1798 Nautilus calcar Linné varietas λ (lambda) Fichtel and Moll, p. 78, pl. 13, figs. e—g.

1808 Robulus cultratus de Montfort, p. 215, figure on p. 214.

1941 Robulus aff. lucida Cushman—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 64, 65.

1951 Robulus lucidus (Cushman)—Asano (Part 15), p. 5, text-figs. 21, 22 (non Cristellaria lucida Cushman, 1923).

1956 Robulus lucidus (Cushman)—Asano (a), pp. 48, 49, pl. 1, figs. 15—18, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6. 10.

1984 Lenticulina cultrata (Montfort) —Rögl and Hansen, pp. 57, 58, pl. 16, figs. 2, 4, text-fig. 21.

2001 Lenticulina cultrata (Montfort) —Kawagata, pp. 74, 75, fig. 5.8.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with four to five chambers in final whorl, chambers broad and inflated, sutures moderately curved and depressed, peripheral keel narrow and thin.

Remarks. This species resembles Cristellaria lucida Cushman in general shape, as identified by Asano (1951, part 15). Due to homonymy (Barker, 1960), the name is now Lenticulina atlantica (Barker). Lenticulina cultrata is distinguished from L. atlantica by fewer chambers per whorl that are more inflated and broader.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations, common in the Minebari Formation.

Lenticulina depressa (Asano)
Figures 11.3, 11.4

1938 Robulus depressus Asano (a), p. 202, pl. 25, fig. 15, pl. 26, figs. 10, 27, pl. 28, fig. 11.

1956 Robulus depressus Asano—Asano (a), p. 50, pl. 1, figs. 12—14, pl. 2, figs. 11, 12, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2, pl. 6, figs. 34, 36.

Diagnosis. Moderate- to large-sized species with significantly depressed, almost parallel-sided test, thin, well-developed peripheral keel, biumbilicate.

Remarks. Specimens of the present study exhibit fewer chambers averaging six to seven in final whorl; originally nine to eleven chambers were recorded. We interpret this as variation.

Occurrence. Sporadic in all formations of the present study.

Lenticulina inornata (d’Orbigny)
Figure 11.5, 11.6

1846 Robulina inornata d’Orbigny, p. 102, pl. 4, figs. 25, 26.

1985 Lenticulina inornata (d’Orbigny) —Papp and Schmid, pp. 43, 44, pl. 31, figs. 6—8, pl. 32, figs. 1—8, pl. 33, figs. 1—3.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations, common in the Yonahama Formation.

Lenticulina iota (Cushman)
Figure 11.7

1923 Cristellaria iota Cushman, p. 111, pl. 29, fig. 2, pl. 30, fig. 1.

1938 Robulus iotus (Cushman)—Asano (a), p. 202, pl. 25, figs. 7, 11, pl. 28, figs. 1, 2.

1994 Lenticulina iota (Cushman)—Jones, p. 81, pl. 70, figs. 4—6.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Onogoshi Formation.

Lenticulina orbicularis (d'Orbigny)
Figures 11.8, 11.9

1826 Robulina orbicularis d’Orbigny, p. 288, pl. 15, figs. 8, 9.

1913 Cristellaria orbicularis (d’Orbigny)—Cushman, p. 67, pl. 36, figs. 4, 5.

1938 Robulus orbicularis d’Orbigny—Asano (a), p. 204, pl. 26, figs. 14, 18.

1941 Robulus orbicularis (d’Orbigny) —LeRoy (Part 1), p. 23, pl. 2, figs. 13, 14.

1944 Robulus orbicularis (d’Orbigny) —LeRoy (Part 1), p. 17, pl. 4, figs. 15, 16.

1956 Robulus orbicularis d’Orbigny—Asano (a), pp. 49, 50, pl. 1, figs. 19—21.

1990 Robulus orbicularis d’Orbigny—Akimoto, p. 210, pl. 22, fig. 1.

1994 Lenticulina orbicularis (d’Orbigny)—Jones, p. 81, pl. 69, fig. 17.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Lenticulina sintikuensis Nakamura
Figures 11.10. 11.11

1937 Lenticulina sintikuensis Nakamura, p. 137, pl. 11, fig. 1.

1968 Lenticulina sintikuensis Nakamura—Huang, p. 58, pl. 13, fig. 20.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with thick lenticular shape, up to 10 chambers in final whorl in adult specimens, surface flush, periphery bluntly angular without keel.

Remarks. The present material exhibits less raised sutures and a more rounded periphery than the original figure of the species, but this is interpreted to be within range of variation or to have been caused by abrasion.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Lenticulina thalmanni (Hessland)
Figure 11.12

1943 Robulus thalmanni Hessland, p. 265.

1994 Lenticulina thalmanni (Hessland)—Jones, p. 81, pl. 69, fig. 13.

Remarks. The umbilical boss of the single specimen available is thicker than the typical form.

Occurrence. Minebari Formation.

Lenticulina vortex (Fichtel and Moll)
Figures 11.13, 11.14

1798 Nautilus vortex Fichtel and Moll, p. 33, pl. 2, figs. d, e.

1798 Nautilus calcar Linné varietas η (eta) Fichtel and Moll, p. 76, pl. 12, figs. g—i.

1913 Cristellaria vortex (Fichtel and Moll)—Cushman, p. 68, pl. 32, fig. 3.

1933 Robulus vortex (Fichtel and Moll)—Cushman (c), pp. 5, 6, pl. 2, fig. 1.

1964 Robulus vortex (Fichtel and Moll)—LeRoy, p. F21, pl. 4, figs. 7, 8.

1984 Lenticulina vortex (Fichtel and Moll)—Rögl and Hansen, p. 30, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4, text-fig. 8, pl. 19, figs. 1, 2.

1985 Lenticulina vortex (Fichtel and Moll)—Papp and Schmid, p. 44, pl. 33, figs. 4—8.

1994 Lenticulina vortex (Fichtel and Moll)—Jones, p. 81, pl. 69, figs. 14—16; Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 68, 69, pl. 121, figs. 9—14.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus MARGINULINOPSIS Silvestri, 1904
Marginulinopsis striatulus (Cushman)
Figure 11.15

1913 Marginulina striatula Cushman, p. 79, pl. 23, fig. 4.

1956 Marginulina striatula Cushman—Asano (a), p. 14, pl. 4, fig. 12.

1964 Marginulina striatula Cushman—LeRoy, p. F22, pl. 5, fig. 11.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Genus NEOLENTICULINA McCulloch, 1977
Neolenticulina variabilis (Reuss)
Figures 11.16, 11.17

1850 Cristellaria variabilis Reuss, p. 369, pl. 46, figs. 15, 16.

1866 Cristellaria peregrina Schwager, p. 245, pl. 7, fig. 89.

1903 Cristellaria variabilis Reuss—Millett (part XIV), pp. 256, 257, pl. 5, fig. 1.

1913 Cristellaria variabilis Reuss—Cushman, p. 70, pl. 36, figs. 1—3.

1938 “Cristellaria ” peregrina Schwager—Asano (a), pl. 29, figs. 6, 7, 11.

1956 Lenticulina peregrina (Schwager)—Asano (a), p. 7, pl. 3, figs. 9, 17, 18.

1964 Lenticulina peregrina (Schwager)—LeRoy, p. F22, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6.

1968 Lenticulina peregrina (Schwager)—Huang, p. 58, pl. 13, fig. 35.

1977 Neolenticulina chathamensis McCulloch, p. 8, pl. 94, fig. 12.

1994 Neolenticulina variabilis (Reuss)—Jones, p. 80, pl. 68, figs. 11—16.

1994 Neolenticulina peregrina (Schwager)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 69, pl. 124, figs. 1—11.

Remarks. Jones (1994) demonstrated that N. variabilis has precedence over L. peregrina ; we adopt this view.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Oura Formation, rare in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Genus SARACENARIA Defrance, 1824
Saracenaria aff. akitaensis Iwasa and Kikuchi
Figures 12.1, 12.2

Compared with:

1954 Saracenaria akitaensis Iwasa and Kikuchi, p. 191, text-fig. 3.

Diagnosis. Species with rounded triangular shape in cross section and smooth surface without depressed sutures and inflation of chambers.

Remarks. In general shape, this form closely resembles S. akitaensis originally described from the middle Miocene of northern Japan. Specimens from Miyakojima, however, have a smaller test size (about 0.6 mm in diameter) than S. akitaensis (1.5 mm in the original description).

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Saracenaria altifrons (Parr)
Figure 12.3

1994 Saracenaria altifrons (Parr)—Jones, p. 113, pl. 114, fig. 17.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Saracenaria italica Defrance
Figures 12.4, 12.5

1824 Saracenaria italica Defrance, p. 177.

1913 Cristellaria italica (Defrance) —Cushman, p. 78, pl. 33, fig. 3.

1921 Cristellaria italica (Defrance) —Cushman, pp. 252, 253, pl. 51, fig. 2.

1941 Saracenaria italica (Defrance) —LeRoy (Part 1), p. 28, pl. 1, figs. 53, 54; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 76, pl. 7, figs. 21—24.

1944 Saracenaria italica (Defrance) —LeRoy (Part 1), p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 24, pl. 5, pl. 5, fig. 18; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 81, 82, pl. 2, fig. 12.

1964 Saracenaria italica Defrance—LeRoy, p. F25, pl. 3, figs. 29, 30.

1987 Saracenaria italica Defrance—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 448, figs. 16, 17.

1988 Saracenaria italica Defrance—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 140, pl. 18, fig. 2.

1994 Saracenaria italica Defrance—Jones, p. 80, pl. 68, figs. 18, 20—23; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 69, pl. 125, figs. 9—16.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Genus SPINCTERULES Montfort, 1808
Spincterules sp. A
Figure 12.6

Description. Test planispiral, of moderate size (about 0.5 mm in diameter); bilaterally compressed and with near-parallel sides; six chambers in last whorl; sutures curve backwards; umbilicus slightly raised by thickened wall; surface smooth, flushed; suture slightly raised but obscured by abrasion; aperture radiate.

Remarks. Mainly due to poor preservation, we were unable to identify this to species level.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Subfamily MARGINULININAE Wedekind, 1937
Genus AMPHICORYNA Schlumberger in Milne-Edwards, 1881
Amphicoryna hispida (d'Orbigny)
Figures 12.7, 12.8

1846 Nodosaria hispida d’Orbigny, p. 35, pl. 1, figs. 24, 25.

1964 Nodosaria hirsuta (d’Orbigny) —LeRoy, p. F24, pl. 15, fig. 3.

1994 Amphicoryna hirsuta (d’Orbigny) —Jones, p. 75, pl. 63, figs. 12—15.

1994 Nodosaria hispida d’Orbigny—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 65, pl. 116, figs. 7, 8.

Remarks. We follow Loeblich and Tappan (1994) in considering the species hirsuta to be invalid, and Jones (1994) in generic assignment.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Amphicoryna separans (Brady)
Figures 12.9-12.11

1884 Nodosaria scalaris var. separans Brady, p. 511, pl. 64, figs. 16—19.

1902 Nodosaria scalaris var. separans Brady—Millett (part XIII), pp. 520, 521, pl. 11, figs. 11, 12.

1913 Nodosaria scalaris (Batsch) —Cushman, p. 58, pl. 24, fig. 7.

1941 Lagenonodosaria scalaris (Batsch)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 28, pl. 2, figs. 30, 31; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 77, pl. 2, fig. 18.

1944 Lagenonodosaria scalaris (Batsch)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 21, pl. 8, fig. 12.

1956 Lagenonodosaria separans (Brady)—Asano (a), p. 28, pl. 6, figs. 8, 9.

1964 Lagenonodosaria scalaris (Batsch)—LeRoy, p. F27, pl. 15, figs. 20, 29.

1968 Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch) —Huang, p. 55, pl. 13, fig. 12.

1988 Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch) —Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 139, pl. 17, figs. 17, 19; Marle, p. 139, pl. 4, fig. 22.

1989 Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch) —Ōki, pp. 92, 93, pl. 6, fig. 3.

1990 Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch) —Akimoto, p. 191, pl. 17, fig, 7.

1992 Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch) —Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 166, pl. 21, fig. 8.

1994 Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch) —Jones, p. 75, pl. 63, figs. 29—31.

1994 Amphicoryna separans (Brady)—Jones, p. 76, pl. 64, figs. 16—19; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 71, pl. 127, figs. 1—18.

1998 Amphicoryna scalaris (Batsch) —Hess, p. 76, pl. 12, fig. 2.

Remarks. This is one of the commoner bathyal species in the waters around Japan. The protruding neck of A. separans is annulated, whereas that of A. scalaris is smooth and elongate; for this reason, previous records of A. scalaris from Japan are in fact A. separans as listed, in part, in the synonymy by Loeblich and Tappan (1994). Separation of chambers is not a prime feature in the identification of this species, irrespective of the specific name. In addition, we here show a broken and separated unilocular specimen to illustrate that such specimens may induce erroneous identification as a unilocular species.

Occurrence. Common in all the formations of the present study.

Genus ASTACOLUS de Montfort, 1808
Astacolus insolitus (Schwager)
Figure 12.14

1866 Cristellaria insolita Schwager, p. 242, pl. 6, fig. 85.

1992 Astacolus insolitus (Schwager) —Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 166, pl. 21, fig. 9.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Astacolus japonicus (Asano)
Figures 12.12, 12.13

1936 Lenticulina japonica Asano (c), p. 328, pl. 37, fig. 7.

1938 Planularia japonica (Asano)—Asano (a), pp. 205, 206, pl. 24, figs. 13, 14, pl. 26, fig. 7.

1964 Hemicristellaria japonica (Asano)—LeRoy, p. F24, pl. 5, fig. 17.

1988 Planularia japonica (Asano)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 140, pl. 18, figs. 5, 6.

1994 Astacolus japonicus (Asano)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 72, pl. 130, figs. 14—19.

Occurrence. Sporadic in all formations of the present study.

Genus HEMIROBULINA Stache, 1864
Hemirobulina aff. obesa (Cushman)
Figures 12.15, 12.16

Compared with:

1923 Marginulina glabra var. obesa Cushman, p. 128, pl. 37, fig. 1.

1990 Marginulina cf. obesa (Cushman)—Ujiié, pp. 20, 21, pl. 6, figs. 2, 3.

1994 Marginulinopsis sp.— Loeblich and Tappan, p. 69, pl. 124, figs. 16, 17.

Remarks. This species closely resembles Hemirobulina obesa in general test shape, whereas test length of all specimens of in the present material is approximately 0.3 mm, i.e., much smaller than H. obesa which attains lengths of up to 3 mm.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Hemirobulina aff. uedai (Asano)
Figure 12.17

Compared with:

1938 Marginulina uedai Asano (a), p. 210, pl. 27, figs. 8, 9.

Diagnosis. Small species with oval cross section, inflated chambers in uncoiled stage.

Remarks. This species is similar to Hemirobulina uedai in test shape, but is much smaller (about 0.3 mm in length), whereas the type of H. uedai measures 1.5 mm.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Genus VAGINULINOPSIS Silvestri, 1904
Vaginulinopsis sublegumen Parr
Figure 12.18

1950 Vaginulinopsis sublegumen Parr, p. 325, pl. 11, fig. 18.

1994 Vaginulinopsis sublegumen Parr—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 74, pl. 131, figs. 12, 13, pl. 133, figs. 10—17.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Onogoshi Formation.

Vaginulinopsis tenuis (Bornemann)
Figures 13.1, 13.2

1855 Marginulina tenuis Bornemann, p. 326, pl. 13, fig. 4.

1921 Cristellaria tenuis (Bornemann) —Cushman, p. 250, pl. 50, fig. 2.

1956 Marginulina tenuis Bornemann—Asano (a), p. 13, pl. 4, figs. 9, 10.

1964 Vaginulina tenuis (Bornemann) —LeRoy, p. F25, pl. 3, fig. 13.

1994 Vaginulinopsis tenuis (Bornemann)—Jones, p. 78, pl. 66, figs. 17, 21—23.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Subfamily VAGINULININAE Reuss, 1860
Genus PLANULARIA Defrance in de Blainville, 1826
Planularia californica (Galloway and Wissler)
Figures 13.3, 13.4

1927 Astacolus californicus Galloway and Wissler (a), p. 46, pl. 8, fig. 4.

1994 Planularia californica (Galloway and Wissler)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 75, pl. 130, fig. 11, pl. 133, figs. 1—9.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Genus VAGINULINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Vaginulina bradyi Cushman
Figures 13.5, 13.6

1917 Vaginulina bradyi Cushman, p. 661.

1921 Vaginulina bradyi Cushman—Cushman, p. 260, pl. 42, figs. 3, 4.

1941 Vaginulina bradyi Cushman—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 76, pl. 7, figs. 25.

1944 Vaginulina bradyi Cushman—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 26.

1954 Vaginulina bradyi Cushman—Tai, pl. 1, fig. 2.

1994 Vaginulina bradyi Cushman—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 75, pl. 134, figs. 6, 7, 14—19.

Occurrence. A single specimen each from the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Family LAGENIDAE Reuss, 1862b
Genus CONOLAGENA Malumián, Náñez, and Caramés, 1991
Conolagena favosopunctata (Brady)
Figure 13.7

1881 Lagena favoso-punctata Brady, p. 62.

1977 Lagena punctatiformis McCulloch, p. 43, pl. 54, fig. 18.

1994 Oolina favosopunctata (Brady)—Jones, p. 66, pl. 58, fig. 35.

1994 Conolagena favosopunctata (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 76, 77, pl. 137, figs. 1—8.

Remarks. The genus Conolagena was erected subsequent to the summary of generic lagenid classification by Loeblich and Tappan (1987).

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Genus HYALINONETRION Patterson and Richardson in Loeblich and Tappan, 1987
Hyalinonetrion gracilium (Costa)
Figures 13.8, 13.9

1856 Amphorina gracillis Costa, p. 125, pl. 11, fig. 11.

1862 Amphorina gracillima Seguenza, p. 51, pl. 1, fig. 37.

1913 Lagena gracilima (Seguenza) —Cushman, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 4.

1956 Lagena gracilima (Seguenza) —Asano (a), p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 11—13.

1990 Lagena gracilima (Seguenza) —Ujiié, pp. 17, 18, pl. 4, fig. 14.

1994 Procerolagena gracilima (Seguenza)—Jones, p. 62, pl. 56, figs. 19—22, 24—29.

2002 Hyalinonetrion gracilima (Seguenza)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 10, 11, pl. 23, fig. 5.

2012 Hyalinonetrion gracillium (Costa)—Milker and Schmiedl, p. 74, fig. 18.30.

Remarks. We basically follow Milker and Schmiedl (2012) for synonymy. Loeblich and Tappan (1994) distinguished specimens of Lagena gracilima Seguenza of Brady’s (1884) “Challenger Report” (pl. 56, figs. 25, 26) as Hyalinonetrion dissomapolitium, but here we accept a wider range of variation in test inflation.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob in Kanmacher, 1798
Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob)
Figures 13.10, 13.11

1798 Serpula (Lagena ) sulcata Walker and Jacob in Kanmacher, p. 634, pl. 14, fig. 5.

1944 Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 23, fig. 9.

1987 Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 455, figs. 12, 13.

1994 Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob)—Jones, p. 64, pl. 57, figs. 23, 25—27, 33, 34.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi Formation, common in the Yonahama Formation.

Genus PROCEROLAGENA Puri, 1954
Procerolagena gracilis (Williamson)
Figure 13.12

1848 Lagena gracilis Williamson, p. 13.

1901 Lagena gracilis Williamson—Millett (part XI), pp. 492, 493, pl. 8, fig. 13 (non 12, 14).

1987 Procerolagena gracilis (Williamson)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 455, fig. 2.

1994 Procerolagena gracilis (Williamson)—Jones, p. 65, pl. 58, figs. 9, 11—15.

2002 Procerolagena gracilis (Williamson)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 11, pl. 27, fig. 2.

Remarks. We identify a small specimen with numerous, yet weak longitudinal striations as P. gracilis accepting a wide range of variation in the development and number of striae.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Procerolagena multilatera (McCulloch)
Figures 13.13, 13.14

1933 Lagena gracilis Williamson—Cushman (c), p. 33, pl. 8, figs. 5—7 (non Williamson, 1848).

1938 Lagena gracilis Williamson—Asano (a), p. 216, pl. 27, fig. 45, pl. 30, fig. 21.

1956 Lagena gracilis Williamson—Asano (a), pp. 39, 40, pl. 5, figs. 18—20.

1977 Lagena multilatera McCulloch, pp. 40, 41, pl. 50, fig. 5.

1994 Lagena multilatera McCulloch—Jones, p. 65, pl. 58, figs. 2, 3, 7, 8, 22—24.

1994 Procerolagena multilatera (McCulloch)—Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 79, 80, pl. 144, fig. 8.

Remarks. Asano (1956a) referred this species to Brady’s (1884) L. gracilis, which was later identified by Jones (1994) as L. multilatera. Lagena gracilis Williamson has finer and more numerous striae than P. multilatera.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation.

Genus PYGMAEOSEISTRON Patterson and Richardson, 1988
Pygmaeoseistron aspera (Reuss)
Figures 13.15, 13.16

1862 Lagena aspera Reuss (a), p. 305, pl. 1, fig. 5.

1913 Lagena aspera Reuss— Cushman, p. 16, pl. 16, fig. 1.

1964 Lagena aspera Reuss— LeRoy, p. F25, pl. 13, fig. 29.

Remarks. Genus Pygmaeoseistron is distinguished from Lagena in lack of longitudinal striae or costae and narrow elongate neck.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations.

Pygmaeoseistron hispidulum (Cushman)
Figures 13.17, 13.18

1913 Lagena hispidula Cushman, p. 14, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3.

1987 Pygmaeoseistron hispidulum (Cushman)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 455, figs. 3—5.

1988 Lagena hispidula Cushman—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 135, pl. 16, fig. 13.

1989 Lagena hispidula Cushman—Ōki, p. 95, pl. 6, fig. 10; Hermelin, p. 42, pl. 4, fig. 11.

1990 Lagena hispidula Cushman—Ujiié, p. 18, pl. 5, fig. 3.

1994 Lagena hispidula Cushman—Jones, p. 62, pl. 56, figs. 10, 11, 13.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Pygmaeoseistron oceanicum (Albani)
Figures 13.19-13.22

1974 Lagena oceanica Albani, p. 37, pl. 1, figs. 7, 10, 11.

1989 Lagena setigera Millett—Ōki, p. 95, pl. 6, fig. 11 (non Lagena clavata var. setigera Millett, 1901, part XI).

1992 Lagena setigera Millett—Ōki and Yamamoto, p. 193, figs. 4.5.

1994 Pygmaeoseistron oceanicum (Albani)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 80, pl. 144, figs. 4—7.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Family POLYMORPHINIDAE d’Orbigny, 1839a
Subfamily POLYMORPHININAE d’Orbigny, 1839a
Genus SIGMOIDELLA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928
Sigmoidella elegantissima (Parker and Jones)
Figures 13.24-13.26

1865 Polymorphina elegantissima Parker and Jones, p. 438 (nomen nudum ).

1871 Polymorphina elegantissima Parker and Jones in Brady, Parker, and Jones, p. 231, pl. 40, fig. 15.

1913 Polymorphina elegantissima Parker and Jones—Cushman, p. 90, pl. 38, fig. 1.

1921 Polymorphina elegantissima Parker and Jones—Cushman, pp. 267, 268, pl. 54, figs. 1, 2.

1937 Sigmoidella subtaiwanensis Nakamura, p. 138, pl. 11, fig. 6.

1994 Sigmoidella elegantissima (Parker and Jones)—Jones, p. 84, pl. 72, figs. 12—15; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 83, pl. 148, figs. 4—12.

Occurrence. Common in the Oura Formation, a single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Family ELLIPSOLAGENIDAE Silvestri, 1923
Subfamily OOLININAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1961
Genus EXSCULPTINA Patterson and Richardson, 1988
Exsculptina glaphyraheda Loeblich and Tappan
Figure 13.27

1901 Lagena crenata Parker and Jones—Millett (Part XI), p. 485, pl. 8, fig. 1 (non Parker and Jones, 1865).

1994 Lagena crenata Parker and Jones—Jones, p. 64, pl. 57, fig. 15.

1994 Exsculptina glaphyraheda Loeblich and Tappan, p. 85, pl. 151, figs. 5—10.

Remarks. As described by Loeblich and Tappan (1994), this species differs from L. crenata in ornament of the basal part and the annulated apertural neck.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Genus FAVULINA Patterson and Richardson, 1987
Favulina melo (d'Orbigny)
Figure 13.28

1839 Oolina melo d’Orbigny (c), p. 20, pl. 5, fig. 9.

1988 Oolina melo d’Orbigny —Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 143, pl. 19, fig. 2.

1989 Oolina melo d’Orbigny —Ōki, pp. 101, 102, pl. 7, fig. 11.

2002 Favulina melo (d’Orbigny)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 12, pl. 30, fig. 2.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Favulina scalariformis (Williamson)
Figure 14.1

1858 Entosolenia squamosa var. scalariformis Williamson, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 30.

1913 Lagena hexagona var. scalariformis (Williamson)—Cushman, p. 17, pl. 6, fig. 4.

1964 Oolina squamosa var. scalariformis (Williamson)—LeRoy, p. F26, pl. 13, fig. 43.

1977 Oolina scalariformis (Williamson)—McCulloch, p. 84, pl. 54, fig. 20.

2001 Favulina scalariformis (Williamson)—Kawagata, p. 79, fig. 6-7.

2002 Favulina scalariformis (Williamson)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 12, pl. 29, fig. 3.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Subfamily ELLIPSOLAGENINAE Silvestri, 1923
Genus FISSURINA Reuss, 1850
Fissurina angulata (Uchio)
Figures 14.2, 14.3

1951 Entosolenia marginata var. angulata Uchio, p. 38, pl. 3, fig. 14.

Diagnosis. A small species with thick peripheral keel which lends it a near-rectangular cross section.

Occurrence. Four specimens from a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Fissurina bradii Silvestri
Figures 14.4, 14.5

1902 Fissurina bradii Silvestri, p. 147.

1992 Fissurina bradii Silvestri—Kaiho, pl. 2, fig. 11.

1994 Fissurina bradii Silvestri—Jones, p. 68, pl. 59, fig. 24.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Fissurina caribaea (Cushman)
Figures 14.6, 14.7

1923 Lagena orbignyana var. caribaea Cushman, p. 41, pl. 7, figs. 6—9.

1968 Fissurina caribaea (Cushman)—Huang, p. 57, pl. 13, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Fissurina circularis Todd
Figures 14.8, 14.9

1954 Fissurina circularis Todd in Cushman, Todd and Post, p. 351, pl. 87, fig. 27.

1994 Fissurina circularis Todd—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 88, pl. 154, figs. 13, 14.

2001 Fissurina sp. D— Kawagata, p. 84, figs. 7-9, 7-10.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Fissurina marginata (Montagu)
Figures 14.10, 14.11

1803 Vermiculum marginatum Montagu, p. 524.

1913 Lagena marginata (Montagu)—Cushman, pp. 37, 38, pl. 22, figs. 1—7.

1956 Fissurina marginata (Montagu)—Asano (a), pp. 53, 54, pl. 5, figs. 59, 60.

1959 Fissurina marginata (Montagu)—Graham and Militante, p. 82, pl. 12, fig. 24.

2001 Fissurina marginata (Montagu)—Kawagata, p. 81, fig. 7-3.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations.

Fissurina quadrata (Williamson)
Figure 14.12

1858 Entosolenia marginata var. quadrata Williamson, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 27, 28.

1994 Fissurina quadrata (Williamson)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 90, pl. 155, figs. 1—6.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Subfamily PARAFISSURININAE Jones, 1984
Genus PARAFISSURINA Parr, 1947
Parafissurina basispinata McCulloch
Figure 14.13

1977 Parafissurina basispinata McCulloch, p. 139, pl. 72, figs. 1—3.

1994 Parafissurina basispinata McCulloch—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 94, pl. 162, figs. 1—5.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Parafissurina lata (Wiesner)
Figures 14.14, 14.15

1931 Ellipsolagena lata Wiesner, p. 126, pl. 24, figs. K, L.

1990 Parafissurina lata (Wiesner)—Ujiié, pp. 27, 28, pl. 10, figs. 5—7.

1995 Parafissurina lata (Wiesner)—Ujiié, p. 59, pl. 88, fig. 10.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus PSEUDOFISSURINA Jones, 1984
Pseudofissurina metaconica (McCulloch)
Figures 14.16, 14.17

1977 Parafissurina metaconica McCulloch, pp. 150, 151, pl. 71, fig. 24.

1990 Parafissurina acuticostata Ujiié, p. 88, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.

1994 Pseudofissurina metaconica (McCulloch)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 95, pl. 166, figs. 1—5.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama Formation.

Subfamily SIPHOLAGENINAE Patterson and Richardson, 1987
Genus MONCHARMONTZEIANA Patterson, 2010
Moncharmontzeiana leminiscata (Loeblich and Tappan)
Figures 14.18, 14.19

1994 Pytine laminiscata Loeblich and Tappan, p. 96, pl. 140, figs. 1—5.

Remarks. Patterson (2010) proposed a new genus to replace a junior homonym, Pytine (Moncharmont Zei and Sgarrella, 1978). Pyriform test with very fine mesh ornamentation on surface characterizes this genus.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Family GLANDULINIDAE Reuss, 1860
Subfamily GLANDULININAE Reuss, 1860
Genus GLANDULINA d’Orbigny, 1839a
Glandulina ovula d'Orbigny
Figures 14.20, 14.21

1846 Glandulina ovula d’Orbigny, p. 29, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7.

1964 Rectoglandulina laevigata (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy, p. F23, pl. 14, figs. 29, 30 (non Glandulina laevigata d’Orbigny, 1826).

1977 Euglandulina symmetrica McCulloch, p. 14, pl. 96, fig. 11.

1985 Glandulina ovula d’Orbigny—Papp and Schmid, pp. 21, 22, pl. 2, figs. 1—9.

1994 Glandulina ovula d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 72, pl. 61, figs. 17—22, pl. 63, fig. 6.

1994 Glandulina symmetrica (McCulloch)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 97, pl. 168, figs. 6—8.

Remarks. The microspheric form occasionally shows a small apiculate projection, whereas the megalospheric form shows a rounded proloculus. It is distinguished from G. laevigata in having a more inflated, fusiform test.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Suborder ROBERTININA Loeblich and Tappan, 1984
Superfamily CERATOBULIMINOIDEA Cushman, 1927a
Family EPISTOMINIDAE Wedekind, 1937
Subfamily EPISTOMININAE Wedekind, 1937
Genus HOEGLUNDINA Brotzen, 1948
Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny)
Figures 14.22-15.2

1826 Rotalia (Turbinulina) elegans d’Orbigny, p. 276.

1941 Epistomina elegans (d’Orbingy)—LeRoy (Part 1), pp. 40, 41, pl. 1, figs. 5—7; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 84, pl. 4, figs. 13—15.

1944 Epistomina elegans (d’Orbingy)—LeRoy (Part 1), pp. 35, 36, pl. 3, figs. 15—17.

1964 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy, p. F38, pl. 6, figs. 27, 28.

1965 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—Todd, pp. 56, 57, pl. 23, fig. 2.

1966 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—Belford, pp. 190, 191, pl. 36, figs. 8—13.

1985 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—Papp and Schmid, p. 59, pl. 49, figs. 1—6.

1987 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 487, figs. 1—5.

1988 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 145, pl. 20, figs. 2—4; Marle, p. 145, pl. 5, figs. 18, 19.

1989 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—Ōki, pp. 153, 154, pl. 22, fig. 7; Inoue, pl. 21, fig. 5, pl. 31, fig. 13; Hess, p. 83, pl. 14, figs. 7, 8.

1990 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—Akimoto, p. 202, pl. 21, fig. 7, pl. 24, fig. 6; Ujiié, p. 53, pl. 32, figs. 3, 4.

1992 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 170, pl. 24, fig. 3.

1994 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—Jones, pp. 104, 105, pl. 105, figs. 3—6; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 98, pl. 174, figs. 1—6; Akimoto, p. 284, pl. 3, fig. 7.

1998 Hoeglundina elegans (d’Orbigny)—Hess, p. 83, pl. 14, figs. 7, 8.

Remarks. Most of the specimens exhibit eight chambers in the final whorl, whereas four relatively large individuals from the Minebari Formation show up to 14 chambers in the ultimate whorl. To the best of our knowledge, this large multichambered form has not been illustrated in previous work.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation, common in the Minebari Formation.

Suborder GLOBIGERININA Delage and Hérouard, 1896
Superfamily GLOBOROTALIOIDEA Cushman, 1927a
Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus CLAVATORELLA Blow, 1965
Clavatorella aff. suturanii Giannelli and Salvatorini
Figures 15.3, 15.4

Compared with:

1976 Clavatorella suturanii Giannelli and Salvatorini, p. 168, pl. 1, fig. 1.

1985 Clavatorella suturanii Giannelli and Salvatorini—Bolli and Saunders, 1985, p. 255, fig. 45.3.

2004 Clavatorella sp. 1— Hanagata, pl. 3, fig. 9.

Diagnosis. Small species with four to four and a half, slightly elongated chambers in the final whorl, moderately perforated smooth surface without ornament, aperture small interiomarginal U-shaped opening from umbilicus to near the periphery. Outer margin of chambers is lobulate and occasionally apiculate.

Remarks. This form is distinguishable from C. suturanii in having less inflated and less lobulate chambers. Kadar (1975, pl. 8, fig. 59) illustrated a morphotype of Clavatorella (Clavatorella) bermudezi (Bolli) that is somewhat similar to the present form, but differs in having more elongated chambers and an umbilicus-oriented aperture. Clavatorella suturanii and C. bermudezi have both been recorded from the Miocene; thus the present form is probably a descendant.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama Formation, sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927a
Globorotalia conoidea Walters
Figures 15.5, 15.6

1965 Globorotalia miozea conoidea Walters, p. 124, fig. 8.

1974 Globorotalia aff. cibaoensis Ujiié and Ōki, pl. 5, figs. 1—4.

1977 Globorotalia miozea conoidea Walters—Berggren, p. 298, pl. 2, figs. 9—31.

1978 Globorotalia miozea conoidea Walters—Keller (a), pl. 1, figs. 7—10.

1983 Globorotalia (Globoconella) conoidea Walters—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 112, pl. 26, figs. 4—6.

1985 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) miozea conoidea Walters—Ibaraki, p. 132, pl. 10, figs. 12—14.

1985 Globorotalia (s.s.) aff. pliozea Hornibrook—Ujiié, p. 113, pl. 14, figs. 5—7.

1985 Globorotalia conoidea Walters—Jenkins, p. 276, figs. 7.14, 7.15.

Remarks. Specimens from Miyakojima Island exhibit a transitional form between G. conoidea and Globorotalia conomiozea. It has four chambers in the final whorl similar to G. conomiozea, while the umbilical side is less vaulted than typical G. conoidea as figured by Kennett and Srinivasan (1983). Natori (1976, table 2) showed in his range chart that G. conomiozea evolved into G. conoidea; whereas Kennett and Srinivasan (1983) noted the opposite and showed that G. conoidea disappeared in the uppermost Miocene. In Miyakojima Island, G. conomiozea disappears earlier than G. conoidea as noted by Natori (1976) in Okinawa-jima, both in the Pliocene. Based on those reports, it can be stated that G. conoidea and G. conomiozea are potentially useful indicators of the upper Miocene to lower Pliocene of subtropical to temperate seas, but their ranges vary between areas, and further stratigraphic studies are called for.

Occurrence. Common in the upper part of the Yonahama Formation.

Globorotalia conomiozea Kennett
Figures 15.7, 15.8

1966 Globorotalia conomiozea Kennett, p. 235, text-fig. 10.

1976 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula conomiozea Kennett—Natori, p. 229, pl. 5, fig. 3.

1977 Globorotalia conomiozea Kennett—Berggren, pp. 298, 300, pl. 3, figs. 7—12.

1978 Globorotalia conomiozea Kennett—Oda, pp. 56, 57, pl. 8, figs. 4—6; Keller (a), pl. 1, figs. 1—6.

1983 Globorotalia (Globoconella) conomiozea Kennett—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 114, pl. 26, figs. 7—9.

1985 Globorotalia conomiozea Kennett—Jenkins, pp. 276, 278, figs. 7, 18.

1985 Globorotalia (s.s.) sp. A—Ujiié, p. 114, pl. 17, fig. 1.

1985 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) conomiozea Kennett—Ibaraki, p. 129, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi Formation and the lower part of the Yonahama Formation.

Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)
Figures 15.9, 15.10

1927 Globigerina crassaformis Galloway and Wissler (a), p. 41, pl. 7, fig. 12.

1921 Pulvinulina crassa (d’Orbigny)—Cushman, p. 338, pl. 67, fig. 3.

1962 Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Parker, p. 235, pl. 4, figs. 17, 18, 20, 21.

1967 Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Parker, p. 176, pl. 30, figs. 1—3.

1968 Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Huang, pl. 61, pl. 11, figs. 7, 11.

1969 Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Blow, p. 347, pl. 4, figs. 1—3, pl. 37, figs. 1—4.

1974 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Ujiié and Ōki, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2.

1975 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) crassaformis crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 3, fig. 9.

1976 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) crassaformis crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Natori, p. 229, pl. 3, fig. 2.

1978 Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Oda, p. 57, pl. 9, figs. 1—3.

1977 Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Kadar, p. 68, pl. 7, fig. 38.

1978 Globorotalia crassaformis crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Keller (a), pl. 2, figs. 5—12.

1981 Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, pp. 129, 130, pl. 43, fig. 2.

1983 Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 146, pl. 34, figs. 6—8.

1985 Globorotalia crassaformis crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Bolli and Saunders, p. 233, figs. 36.6, 36.7.

1985 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) crassaformis crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Ibaraki, pp. 123, 124, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2.

1985 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Ujiié, p. 112, pl. 12, figs. 2—4, 8, 9, pl. 13, figs. 1, 6.

1994 Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Jones, p. 103, pl. 103, figs. 11, 12.

1994 Truncorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 102, pl. 186, figs. 1—9.

2004 Truncorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler)—Hanagata, pl. 3, fig. 2.

Remarks. Although, in a previous report (Hanagata, 2004), the generic name Truncorotalia was applied to plano-convex globorotaliids, following the taxonomy of Loeblich and Tappan (1987), we here assign those species to Globorotalia. The phylogenetic relationship between two clades of plano-convex planktonic foraminiferal groups is still unclear; i.e., Globorotalia miozea—conoidea—conomiozea—puncticulata—inflata lineage and Globorotalia cibaoensis—juanai—crassula—crassaformis —tosaensis—truncatulinoides lineage. These are assumed to have evolved independently from the same species, Globorotalia praescitula (Norris et al., 1994). A study of the Miocene differentiation from G. praescitula will resolve this problem.

Occurrence. Common in the upper part of the Yonahama Formation up to the Minebari Formation.

Globorotalia cultrata (d’Orbigny)
Figures 15.11, 15.12

1921 Pulvinulina menardii (d’Orbigny)—Cushman, pp. 333, 334, pl. 66, fig. 1. (non d’Orbigny, 1839a).

1941 Globorotalia menardii (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 45, pl. 1, figs. 17—19; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 87, pl. 4, figs. 4—6; LeRoy (Part 3), pp. 118, 119, pl. 1, figs. 6—8.

1944 Globorotalia menardii (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 41, pl. 2, figs. 40—42.

1959 Globorotalia cultrata (d’Orbigny)—Wallers and Polski, pl. 10, fig. 3.

1959 Globorotalia menardii (d’Orbigny)—Graham and Militante, p. 114, pl. 19, fig. 6.

1962 Globorotalia cultrata (d’Orbigny)—Parker, pp. 235, 236, pl. 5, figs. 3—5; Belford, p. 24, pl. 6, figs. 18—22.

1964 Globorotalia menardii multicamerata Cushman and Jarvis—LeRoy, p. F43, pl. 9, figs. 16, 17 (non Cushman and Jarvis, 1930).

1967 Globorotalia cultrata (d’Orbigny)—Parker, pp. 177, 178, pl. 31, figs. 2, 3.

1969 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata cultrata (d’Orbigny)—Blow, p. 358, pl. 6, figs. 4—8.

1976 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata menardii (Parker, Jones, and Brady)—Natori, p. 229, pl. 4, fig. 6.

1977 Globorotalia cf. menardii (d’Orbigny)—McCulloch, p. 419, pl. 177, fig. 1 (non p. 420, pl. 177, fig. 2).

1977 Globorotalia cultrata (d’Orbigny)—Kadar, p. 68, pl. 7, fig. 40.

1977 Globorotalia menardii (d’Orbigny)—Kadar, p. 69, pl. 6, fig. 32, pl. 5, figs. 31, 32.

1985 Globorotalia cultrata cultrata (d’Orbigny)—Ibaraki, p. 130, pl. 9, figs. 7, 8.

1985 Globorotalia menardii cultrata (d’Orbigny)—Bolli and Saunders, p. 226, figs. 32.3, 34.8—34.10.

1985 Globorotalia cultrata (d’Orbigny)—Ujiié, pl. 15, fig. 6.

1988 Globorotalia menardii menardii — Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 47, pl. 2, figs. ?14, 15—17.

1994 Globorotalia menardii (Parker, Jones, and Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 101, pl. 183, figs. 6—6.

2004 Globorotalia menardii (Parker, Jones, and Brady)—Hanagata, pl. 2, figs. 1—6.

Remarks. Specimens from Miyakojima Island have five to six, occasionally seven, chambers in the final whorl, and peripheral keels are not robust; as such they are distinguishable from G. menardii (Parker, Jones, and Brady) . Coiling directions are mixed, but the dextral form predominates except for a single sample, MK02B. This trend in coiling direction is in accordance with those recorded for the Pliocene of other regions (see summary in Bolli and Saunders, 1985).

Occurrence. Common to abundant in all the formations of the present study.

Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermúdez
Figures 16.1, 16.2

1965 Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermúdez, p. 132, pl. 1, figs. 16—18.

1967 Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermúdez—Parker, pp. 179, 180, pl. 32, figs. 1, 2.

1969 Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermudez—Blow, p. 363, pl. 45, figs. 1—3, 5, 6, pl. 44, figs. 4, 5.

1974 Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermudez, var.—Ujiié and Ōki, pl. 6, fig. 1.

1976 Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermúdez—Natori, p. 229, pl. 5, fig. 1.

1977 Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermudez—Kadar, p. 68, pl. 7, fig. 39.

1978 Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermudez—Bolli and Bermudez, pp. 139—141, pl. figs. 1—9; Oda, p. 58, pl. 8, figs. 1, 2; Keller (a), pl. 4, figs. 5—7.

1983 Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae Bolli and Bermudez—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 136, pl. 32, figs. 4—6.

1985 Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermudez—Ibaraki, p. 131, pl. 10, figs. 5—7.

1985 Globorotalia margaritae margaritae Bolli and Bermudez—Bolli and Saunders, p. 217, figs. 30.9—30.14.

1985 Globorotalia (s.s.) margaritae Bolli and Bermudez—Ujiié, p. 113, pl. 15, figs. 2, 3.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi Formation and the lower part of the Yonahama Formation.

Globorotalia oceanica Cushman and Bermúdez
Figures 16.3, 16.4

1949 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) oceanica Cushman and Bermúdez, p. 43, pl. 8, figs. 13—15.

1969 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) crassaformis oceanica Cushman and Bermudez—Blow, p. 348, pl. 4, figs. 7—9.

1976 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) crassaformis oceanica Cushman and Bermudez—Natori, p. 229, pl. 3, fig. 1.

1978 Globorotalia crassaformis oceanica Cushman and Bermudez—Keller (a), pl. 2, figs. 1—4.

1981 Globorotalia oceanica Cushman and Bermudez—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 132, pl. 44, fig. 1.

1985 Globorotalia crassaformis oceanica Cushman and Bermudez—Bolli and Saunders, p. 233, fig. 37.11.

1985 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) crassaformis oceanica Cushman and Bermudez—Ibaraki, p. 124, pl. 7, figs. 3, 4.

Remarks. Differentiation of this species from Globorotalia crassaformis is difficult in young specimens that do not show such features as an open umbilicus and a wide aperture.

Occurrence. Three specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Globorotalia scitula (Brady)
Figures 16.5, 16.6

1882 Pulvinulina scitula Brady, p. 716.

1959 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Bradshow, p. 44, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6.

1959 Globorotalia scitula scitula (Brady)—Blow, pp. 219, 220, pl. 19, fig. 126.

1962 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Parker, pp. 238, 239, pl. 6, figs. 4—6; Belford, p. 27, pl. 7, figs. 10—13.

1967 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Parker, p. 181, pl. 27, fig. 7; Huang, p. 188, pl. 15, fig. 4.

1968 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Huang, p. 61, pl. 10, figs. 1, 6.

1969 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Blow, p. 356, pl. 39, fig. 7.

1977 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Kadar, pl. 4, fig. 33.

1978 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Keller (a), pl. 4, figs. 5—12.

1978 Globorotalia scitula scitula (Brady)—Oda, p. 61, pl. 9, fig. 12.

1981 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, pp. 137, 138, pl. 46, fig. 2.

1983 Globorotalia (Hirsutella) scitula (Brady)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 134, pl. 31, figs. 1, 3—5.

1985 Globorotalia scitula scitula (Brady)—Bolli and Saunders, p. 217, figs. 30.26—30.29, 31.3, 31.4.

1985 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) scitula scitula (Brady)—Ibaraki, p. 127, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6.

1988 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 49, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5.

1994 Globorotalia (Obandyella) scitula (Brady)—Jones, p. 103, pl. 103, fig. 7.

1999 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Kim, pl. 4, figs. 7, 9.

2004 Globorotalia scitula (Brady)—Hanagata, pl. 2, fig. 3.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Globorotalia tumida (Brady)
Figures 16.7, 16.8

1877 Pulvinulina menardii (d’Orbigny) var. tumida Brady, p. 535.

1921 Pulvinulina tumida Brady—Cushman, p. 337, pl. 66, fig. 3.

1941 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 45, pl. 3, figs. 101—103; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 88, pl. 4, figs. 1—3.

1959 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—Bradshow, p. 47, pl. 8, figs. 9, 13.

1962 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—Parker, p. 239, pl. 6, figs. 8—10; Belford, pp. 25, 26, pl. 7, figs. 1—5.

1964 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—LeRoy, p. F43, pl. 9, figs. 18, 19.

1965 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—Todd, p. 71, pl. 28, fig. 1.

1962 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—Parker, p. 182, pl. 32, figs. 5—7.

1967 Globorotalia menardii tumida (Brady)—Huang, p. 188, pl. 15, figs. 15, 16.

1968 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—Huang, p. 61, pl. 10, fig. 19.

1969 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) tumida (Brady)—Blow, p. 371, pl. 9, figs. 10, 11, pl. 49, figs. 1-5.

1976 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) tumida tumida (Brady)—Natori, p. 230, pl. 4, fig. 5.

1977 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—McCulloch, p. 422, pl. 177, fig. 8; Kadar, p. 69, pl. 7, fig. 37, pl. 6, fig. 34, 35.

1978 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—Keller (a), pl. 4, figs. 13—16.

1978 Globorotalia tumida tumida (Brady)—Oda, p. 62, pl. 7, figs. 8—11.

1981 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 148, pl. 59, fig. 2.

1983 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) tumida tumida (Brady)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 158, pl. 36, figs. 1, 2, pl. 38, figs. 1—3.

1985 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—Ujiié, pl. 16, fig. 5.

1985 Globorotalia tumida tumida (Brady)—Bolli and Saunders, p. 227, figs. 338, 34.11—34.13.

1985 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) tumida tumida (Brady)—Ibaraki, p. 134, pl. 11, figs. 6, 7.

1994 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) tumida (Brady)—Jones, p. 103, pl. 103, figs. 4—6.

1994 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 101, p. 183, figs. 7—12.

2004 Globorotalia tumida (Brady)—Hanagata, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Globorotalia tumida flexuosa (Koch)
Figures 16.9, 16.10

1923 Pulvinulina tumida var. flexuosa Koch, p. 357, text-figs. 9, 10.

1976 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) tumida flexuosa (Koch)—Natori, p. 230, pl. 4, fig. 7.

1977 Globorotalia tumida flexuosa (Koch)—Kadar, p. 69, pl. 6, fig. 36.

1983 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) tumida flexuosa (Koch)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 158, pl. 38, figs. 4—6.

1985 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) tumida flexuosa (Koch)—Ibaraki, p. 133, pl. 11, figs. 2, 3.

1985 Globorotalia (s.s.) tumida flexuosa (Koch)—Ujiié, p. 113, pl. 16, fig. 6.

1985 Globorotalia tumida flexuosa (Koch)—Bolli and Saunders, p. 227, figs. 33.6, 34.14—34.16.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation.

Globorotalia viola Blow
Figures 16.11, 16.12

1964 Globorotalia punctulata (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy, p. F43, pl. 9, figs. 11—13 (non Globigerina punctulata d’Orbigny, 1826).

1969 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula viola Blow, p. 397, pl. 5, figs. 4—6.

1974 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula viola Blow—Ujiié and Ōki, pl. 3, fig. 4.

1978 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula viola Blow—Keller (a), pl. 4, figs. 3, 4.

1981 Globorotalia viola Blow—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, pp. 134, 136, pl. 45, figs. 3, 4.

1985 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula viola Blow—Ibaraki, p. 129, pl. 9, figs. 5, 6.

1985 Globorotalia (Globorotalia) viola Blow—Ujiié, pl. 12, figs. 5, 7.

1985 Globorotalia crassaformis viola Blow—Bolli and Saunders, p. 234, fig. 36.1.

2004 Truncorotalia viola (Blow)—Hanagata, pl. 3, fig. 5.

Remarks.Globigerina punctulata of d’Orbigny (1826, nomen nudum ), identified by LeRoy (1964), is now assigned to Globorotalia puncticulata (Deshayes) (see Cifelli, 1992); it differs from G. viola.

Occurrence. Common in the upper part of the Yonahama Formation up to the Minebari Formation.

Genus NEOGLOBOQUADRINA Bandy, Frerichs, and Vincent, 1967
Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (Blow)
Figures 17.1, 17.2

1959 Globorotalia acostaensis Blow, pp. 208—210, pl. 17, figs. 106, 107.

1967 Globorotalia acostaensis Blow—Parker, pp. 164, 165, pl. 24, figs. 3—9.

1968 Globoquadrina acostaensis Blow—Huang, p. 61, pl. 10, fig. 2.

1975 Globorotalia acostaensis Blow—Kameyama, pl., fig. 3.

1976 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) acostaensis Blow—Natori, p. 229, pl. 1, fig. 8.

1978 Globorotalia acostaensis Blow—Oda, p. 56, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3.

1983 Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (Blow)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 196, pl. 47, fig. 1, pl. 48, figs. 1—3.

1985 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) acostaensis Blow—Ujiié, p. 111, pl. 10, figs. 8—11.

1985 Neogloboquadrina acostaensis Blow—Ibaraki, p. 135, pl. 12, figs. 1—3.

1985 Globorotalia acostaensis acostaensis Blow—Bolli and Saunders, p. 210, figs. 27.10, 27.11, 28.16—28.24.

2004 Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (Blow)—Hanagata, pl. 2, fig. 4.

2004 Turborotalita cf. pseudopumillio (Brönnimann and Resig)—Hanagata, pl. 3, fig. 8.

Occurrence. Common to abundant in all the formations of the present study.

Neogloboquadrina blowi (Rögl and Bolli)
Figures 17.3, 17.4

1969 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) subcretacea (Lomnicki)—Blow, p. 392, pl. 4, figs. 10—20 (non Globigerina subcretacea Lomnicki, 1901).

1973 Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d’Orbigny) blowi Rögl and Bolli, p. 570, pl. 9, figs. 15—21, pl. 17, fig. 12.

1981 Neogloboquadrina blowi Rögl and Bolli—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 114, pl. 37, fig. 1.

1985 Neogloboquadrina blowi Rögl and Bolli—Ibaraki, p. 136, pl. 12, figs. 6, 7.

1985 Neogloboquadrina dutertrei blowi Rögl and Bolli—Bolli and Saunders, p. 212, figs. 27.5, 28.9.

1994 Neogloboquadrina blowi Rögl and Bolli—Jones, p. 91, pl. 82, fig. 10; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 102, figs. 7—10.

Remarks. This species is distinguished from its descendant, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, in having a lower trochospiral and extra-umbilical aperture similar to that of Neogloboquadrina acostaensis.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Oura, Onogoshi, and Yonahama formations.

Neogloboquadrina humerosa (Takayanagi and Saito)
Figures 17.5, 17.6

1962 Globorotalia humerosa Takayanagi and Saito, p. 78, pl. 28, fig. 1 (only).

1962 Globorotalia dutertrei (d’Orbigny)—Parker, pp. 242, 244, pl. 7, fig. 11 (non Globigerina dutertrei d’Orbigny, 1839a).

1962 Globigerina subcretacea Lomnicki—Belford, p. 10, pl. 2, figs. 1—5 (non G. subcretacea Lomnicki, 1901).

1964 Globigerina dubia Egger—LeRoy, p. F42, pl. 14, figs. 6—8 (non Egger, 1857).

1968 Globoquadrina humerosa (Takayanagi and Saito)—Huang, p. 61, pl. 10, fig. 12.

1967 Globoquadrina humerosa (Takayanagi and Saito)—Parker, pp. 169, 170, pl. 24, figs. 10, 11, 12, pl. 25, fig. 6.

1969 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) acostaensis humerosa Takayanagi and Saito—Blow, pp. 345, 346, pl. 25, figs. 1—6.

1976 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) humerosa humerosa Takayanagi and Saito—Natori, p. 229, pl. 2, fig. 4.

1981 Neogloboquadrina humerosa (Takayanagi and Saito)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, pp. 114, 116, pl. 37, fig. 2.

1983 Neogloboquadrina humerosa (Takayanagi and Saito)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 196, pl. 48, figs. 4—6.

1985 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) acostaensis humerosa Takayanagi and Saito—Ujiié, pp. 111, 112, pl. 11, fig. 3 (only).

1985 Globorotalia humerosa humerosa Takayanagi and Saito—Bolli and Saunders, p. 211, figs. 27.8, 28.15.

1985 Neogloboquadrina humerosa (Takayanagi and Saito)—Ibaraki, p. 137, pl. 12, figs. 15—17.

1994 Neogloboquadrina humerosa (Takayanagi and Saito)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 102, pl. 199, figs. 1—6.

2004 Neogloboquadrina humerosa humerosa (Takayanagi and Saito)—Hanagata, pl. 2, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Minebari and Yonahama formations.

Neogloboquadrina incompta (Cifelli)
Figures 17.7-17.14

1961 Globigerina incompta Cifelli, p. 84, pl. 4, figs. 1—5 (non 6, 7).

1973 Globigerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg)—Cifelli, pl. 1, figs. 1—7 (non Aristerospira pachyderma Ehrenberg, 1861).

1973 Globigerina incompta Cifelli—Cifelli, pl. 2, figs. 5—7.

1977 Globigerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg)—Kadar, p. 63, pl. 2, fig. 13.

1978 Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg)—Keller (b), pl. 1, figs. 7—9; Keller (c), pl. 1, fig. 3, pl. 4, figs. 1—9.

1981 Neogloboquadrina incompta (Cifelli)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 108, pl. 34, fig. 2.

1982 Globigerina incompta Cifelli—Cifelli, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2 (non 3).

2005 Neogloboquadrina incompta (Cifelli)—Domitsu and Oda, fig. 3.8.

2006 Neogloboquadrina incompta (Cifelli)—Domitsu and Oda, figs. 6-5, 6-6.

2008 Neogloboquadrina incompta (Cifelli)—Domitsu and Oda, p. 6, pl. 4, figs. 4—6.

Remarks. According to Cifelli’s (1961) type figures, he included the dextral coiling form of Neogloboquadrina pseudopachyderma in the paratypes of N. incompta. It is obvious from his later work (Cifelli, 1973, 1982) that he differentiated N. incompta from Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and other ‘neogloboquadrids’ not by test shape, but by coiling direction and surface encrustation. Domitsu and Oda (2008) and Oda and Domitsu (2009), on the other hand, treated the lobulate and umbilicus-extra umbilicus aperture form as N. incompta irrespective of coiling direction. We basically agree with the latter view and do not attach importance to the coiling direction; however, formal emendation of the species based on type specimens has never been performed - this needs to be done in a future study.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi Formation, sporadic in the Minebari and Yonahama formations.

Neogloboquadrina pseudopachyderma (Cita, Premoli-Silva, and Rossi)
Figures 17.15-17.17

1965 Globorotalia pseudopachyderma Cita, Premoli-Silva, and Rossi, p. 233, pl. 20, figs. 3, 4, 6, pl. 31, fig. 6, p. 235, text-fig. 5.

1974 Globigerina pseudopachyderma Cita, Premoli-Silva, and Rossi—Olsson, pl. 2, figs. A—J.

1975 Neogloboquadrina atlantica (Berggren)—Poore and Berggren, pl. 1, fig. 8—13, pl. 2, fig. 7.

1985 Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg)—Ibaraki, p. 138, pl. 13, figs. 3, 4.

2000 Neogloboquadrina inglei Kucera and Kennett, p. 80, pl. 1, figs. 1—13.

2003 Neogloboquadrina incompta (Cifelli)—Ujiié, p. 41, pl. 1, fig. 2 (non Globigerina incompta Cifelli, 1961).

2004 Neogloboquadrina incompta (Cifelli)—Hanagata, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2.

Remarks. Almost all specimens from the Pliocene of Miyakojima Island exhibit dextral coiling except for a single specimen from sample 2-2 of the Minebari Formation which is sinistral.

There have been extensive taxonomic studies of the morphological variations of N. pachyderma and related species, including N. borealis [= Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny var. borealis Brady, 1881, first referred to as Globigerina bulloides arctic variety by Brady, 1878, p. 435, pl. 21, fig. 10; also reprinted as N. pachyderma by Jones, 1994, p. 113, pl. 114, figs. 19, 20], N. pseudopachyderma, N. incompta, N. atlantica [= Globigerina atlantica Berggren, 1972, pp. 972, 973, pl. 1, fig. 1—7; Poore and Berggren, 1975], and N. inglei . In addition, attempts have been made to distinguish morphotypes based on wall calcification/encrustation, chamber inflation, lobulation, or test size (e.g., Kennett, 1968; Bandy, 1972; Srinivasan and Kennett, 1974; Reynolds and Thunell, 1986; Bergami et al., 2009; Eynaud et al., 2009). However, the relationship among these species is still confused. For example, it is speculated that Poore and Berggren (1975) included N. pseudopachyderma and N. incompta, and also Neogloboquadrina praehumerosa (as here understood) in their N. atlantica , as judged from their illustrations .

Among those studies, Keller (1978b) regarded incompta and puseudopachyderma as morphotypes of N. pachyderma, focusing on test size assuming the differences in test shape mirrored growing stages. Her work should be valued for treating incompta and pseudopachyderma in the discussion; later work did not even mention those species .

Recent molecular study, based on r-DNA, is expected to resolve this problem (e.g., Darling et al., 2006, 2007). So far, DNA extraction and morphological classification have not been properly combined in previous studies.

Occurrence. Dextral specimens are common in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations. A single sinistral specimen is available from the Minebari Formation.

Neogloboquadrina praehumerosa (Natori)
Figures 17.18, 17.19

1962 Globorotalia humerosa Takayanagi and Saito, p. 78, pl. 28, fig. 2 (only).

1976 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) humerosa praehumerosa Natori, p. 227, pl. 2, figs. 1, 3.

1977 Globoquadrina dutertrei (d’Orbigny)—Kadar, p. 65, pl. 5, fig. 27 (non Globigerina dutertrei d’Orbigny, 1839a).

1978 Globorotalia humerosa Takayanagi and Saito—Oda, pp. 57, 58, pl. 5, figs. 4, 5.

1985 Globorotalia acostaensis humerosa Takayanagi and Saito—Ujiié, pp. 111, 112, pl. 11, fig. 2 (non fig. 3).

1985 Neogloboquadrina humerosa praehumerosa (Natori)—Bolli and Saunders, p. 211, figs. 27.9, 28.14.

2004 Neogloboquadrina praehumerosa (Natori)—Hanagata, pl. 2, fig. 6.

Remarks. This species is distinguished from Neogloboquadrina humerosa in having fewer chambers, five to five and a half, in the last whorl, rather than six.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Family PULLENIATINIDAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus PULLENIATINA Cushman, 1927a
Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)
Figures 17.20, 17.21

1865 Pullenia sphaeroides (d’Orbigny) var. obliquiloculata Parker and Jones, pp. 365, 368, pl. 19, fig. 4.

1941 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—LeRoy (Part 1), pp. 44, 45, pl. 2, figs. 105-107; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 87, pl. 4, figs. 16—18; LeRoy (Part 3), p. 118, pl. 2, figs. 13—15.

1959 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Bradshow, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 19, 20; Graham and Militante, p. 113, pl. 19, fig. 4.

1962 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Parker, p. 234, pl. 4, figs. 13—16, 19, 22; Belford, pp. 23, 24, pl. 6, figs 12—17.

1963 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Saito, pp. 199, 200, pl. 54, figs. 6—8.

1964 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—LeRoy, pp. F42, F43, pl. 14, figs. 25—28.

1965 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Todd, p. 67, pl. 27, figs. 2—4.

1967 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Parker, pp. 172, 173, pl. 28, fig. 1, Huang, p. 188, pl. 15, fig. 11; pl. 16, figs. 8—11.

1975 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 4, fig. 16.

1976 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Natori, p. 232, pl. 6, fig. 2.

1977 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—McCulloch, p. 435, pl. 174, fig. 4.

1977 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Kadar, p. 64, pl. 4, fig. 23.

1978 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Oda, pp. 63, 64, pl. 10, figs. 6, 10.

1983 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 202, pl. 49, fig. 2, pl. 50, figs. 6—9.

1985 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Ujiié, pl. 18, fig. 7; Ibaraki, p. 138, pl. 13, figs. 5, 6; Bolli and Saunders, pp. 247, 248, figs. 40.4, 41.9—41.12.

1988 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 50, 51, pl. 2, figs. 5—13, pl. 9, fig. 8.

1994 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Jones, p. 92, pl. 84, figs. 16—20; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 103, pl. 187, figs. 8—13, pl. 188, figs. 1—6.

2004 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones)—Hanagata, pl. 4, fig. 1.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Pulleniatina okinawaensis Natori
Figures 18.1, 18.2

1976 Pulleniatina okinawaensis Natori, pp. 227, 228, pl. 5, figs. 5, 6.

1985 Pulleniatina okinawaensis Natori—Ujiié, p. 114, pl. 18, figs. 3, 4.

1994 Pulleniatina okinawaensis Natori—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 103, pl. 198, figs. 1—6.

2004 Pulleniatina okinawaensis Natori—Hanagata, pl. 4, fig. 2.

Remarks. Only dextral forms have been recovered. This probably is a neoteny of Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, retaining the immature character of the apertural position, centred in the umbilical region retained in the adult stage .

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation.

Pulleniatina praecursor Banner and Blow
Figures 18.3, 18.4

1967 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker and Jones) praecursor Banner and Blow, p. 139, pl. 3, fig. 3.

1974 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata praecursor Banner and Blow—Ujiié and Ōki, pl. 6, fig. 5.

1976 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata praecursor Banner and Blow—Natori, pl. 5, fig. 4.

1977 Pulleniatina obliquiloculata praecursor (Banner and Blow)—Kadar, p. 64, pl. 4, fig. 22.

1983 Pulleniatina praecursor Banner and Blow—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 200, pl. 49, figs. 6—8.

1981 Pulleniatina praecursor Banner and Blow—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 101, pl. 32, figs. 1, 2.

1985 Pulleniatina praecursor Banner and Blow—Ujiié, pl. 18, fig. 6; Bolli and Saunders, p. 247, figs. 40.5, 41.1, 41.2.

Occurrence. Three specimens from a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Family CANDEINIDAE Cushman, 1927a
Subfamily GLOBIGERINITINAE Bermúdez, 1961
Genus GLOBIGERINITA Brönnmann, 1951a
Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)
Figures 18.5-18.7

1893 Globigerina glutinata Egger, p. 371, pl. 13, figs. 19—21.

1962 Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)—Parker, pp. 246—249, pl. 9, figs. 1—16; Belford, pp. 11, 12, pl. 2, figs. 11—16.

1963 Globigerina glutinata (Egger)—Saito, p. 185, p. 56, fig. 4.

1967 Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)—Parker, p. 146, pl. 17, figs. 3—5; Huang, p. 187, pl. 16, fig. 6.

1968 Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)—Huang, p. 60, pl. 11, figs. 6, 7.

1975 Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 3, fig. 7.

1977 Globigerina glutinata (Egger)—Kadar, pp. 61, 63, pl. 2, fig. 12.

1978 Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)—Oda, pp. 52, 53, pl. 2, fig. 10.

1981 Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 77, pl. 22, figs. 1—7.

1983 Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 224, pl. 56, figs. 1, 3—5.

1985 Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)—Ujiié, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2; Ibaraki, p. 122, pl. 6, figs. 9—11.

1988 Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 45, pl. 1, figs. 1—7.

1994 Tinophodella ambitacretacea Loeblich and Tappan—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 104, pl. 192, figs. 1—9, pl. 200, figs. 1—6.

2004 Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)—Hanagata, pl. 4, fig. 3.

Remarks. We follow Kennett and Srinivasan (1983) in regarding Tinophodella ambitacretacea (Loeblich and Tappan, 1957) a junior synonym of G. glutinata. Fossil specimens of this species occasionally lack bullae on the umbilicus due to secondary abrasion.

Occurrence. Common to abundant in all the formations of the present study.

Globigerinita uvula (Ehrenberg)
Figures 18.8, 18.9

1861 Pylodexia uvula Ehrenberg, p. 308.

1873 Pylodexia uvula Ehrenberg—Ehrenberg, pl. 2, figs. 24, 25.

1931 Globigerina bradyi Wiesner, p. 133.

1962 Globigerinita uvula (Ehrenberg)—Parker, p. 252, pl. 8, figs. 14—26.

1967 Globigerinita uvula (Ehrenberg)—Parker, p. 146, pl. 17, figs. 8 , 9.

1977 Globigerina (?) bradyi Wiesner—McCulloch, p. 411, pl. 173, fig. 12.

1983 Globigerinita uvula (Ehrenberg)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 224, pl. 56, figs. 6—8.

1985 Globigerinita uvula (Ehrenberg)—Ujiié, pl. 7, fig. 3; Ibaraki, p. 123, pl. 6, figs. 14, 15; Rögl, p. 323, figs. 5.25, 5.26.

1994 Globigerina bradyi Wiesner—Jones, p. 91, pl. 82, figs. 8, 9.

1994 Globigerinita uvula (Ehrenberg)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 104, pl. 191, figs. 7—12.

Remarks.Globigerina bradyi is here regarded a junior synonym of this species, although this relationship issue is controversial, mainly on the basis of problems surrounding the figure of the type of G. uvula (see Jenkins et al., 1986; Jones, 1994).

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Subfamily CANDENINAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus CANDEINA d’Orbigny, 1839a
Candeina nitida d’Orbigny
Figure 18.10

1839 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny (a), p. 108, pl. 2, figs. 27, 28.

1903 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Millett (part XV), pp. 692, 693, pl. 7, fig. 2.

1959 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Bradshow, pp. 32, 33, pl. 7, fig. 19.

1962 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Parker, p. 253, pl. 8, figs. 27—30; Belford, p. 29, 30, pl. 8, figs. 17, 18.

1964 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—LeRoy, p. F43, pl. 6, fig. 11.

1965 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Todd, p. 68, pl. 27, fig. 1.

1967 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Parker, p. 145, pl. 17, figs. 1, 2.

1968 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Huang, p. 60, pl. 10, fig. 8.

1969 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Blow, pp. 335, 384—386, pl. 23, figs. 1—4.

1975 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 3, fig. 8.

1977 Candeina cf. nitida d’Orbigny—McCulloch, p. 405, pl. 169, figs. 2—4.

1981 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 75, pl. 21, figs. 1, 2.

1983 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 229, pl. 57, figs. 6—8.

1985 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Bolli and Saunders, p. 191, figs. 19.1, 19.2.

1985 Candeina nitida nitida d’Orbigny—Ujiié, pl. 7, fig. 6.

1988 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 44, pl. 4, figs. 15, 16.

1994 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 91, pl. 82, figs. 13—20; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 104, pl. 193, figs. 1—4.

2004 Non Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Hanagata, pl.4, fig. 4.

Remarks. A single, well-preserved specimen is available from sample 5-2nd. The first author (Hanagata, 2004) erroneously identified this as a variation of Alloglobigerinoides conglobatus as understood in the present study.

Occurrence. Minebari Formation.

Family CATAPSYDRACIDAE Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, 1957
Genus DENTOGLOBIGERINA Blow, 1979
Dentoglobigerina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)
Figures 18.11, 18.12

1936 Globigerina altispira Cushman and Jarvis, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 13, 14.

1959 Globoquadrina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—Blow, p. 183, pl. 8, fig. 51.

1962 Globoquadrina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—Belford, pp. 21, 22, pl. 5, figs. 19—24.

1963 Globoquadrina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—Saito, p. 189, pl. 55, fig. 8.

1964 Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—LeRoy, p. F42, pl. 14, figs. 12, 13.

1964 Globigerina baroemoenensis LeRoy—LeRoy, p. F42, pl. 14, figs. 9, 10 (non Globigerina baroemoenensis LeRoy, 1939).

1967 Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—Parker, p. 165, pl. 25, fig. 8; Huang, p. 188, pl. 16, fig. 19.

1968 Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—Huang, p. 61, pl. 10, figs. 13, 16.

1977 Globoquadrina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—Kadar, p. 65, pl. 3, fig. 16.

1978 Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—Oda, p. 55, pl. 4, figs. 1—3.

1983 Dentoglobigerina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 188, pl. 46, figs. 4—6.

1985 Globoquadrina altispira altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—Ibaraki, p. 116, pl. 4, figs. 13, 14; Bolli and Saunders, p. 183, fig. 15.1.

2004 Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis)—Hanagata, pl. 4, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations.

Genus GLOBOROTALOIDES Bolli, 1957
Globorotaloides hexagona (Natland)
Figures 18.13, 18.14

1938 Globigerina hexagona Natland, p. 149, pl. 7, fig. 1.

1959 Globigerina hexagona Natland—Bradshow, p. 36, figs. 1—15.

1962 Globoquadrina hexagona (Natland)—Parker, p. 244, pl. 8, figs. 5—12 (?13).

1967 Globoquadrina hexagona (Natland)—Parker, p. 169, pl. 25, figs. 9, 10.

1968 Globoquadrina hexagona (Natland)—Huang, p. 61, pl. 11, fig. 12.

1971 Globorotalia (Turborotalia) planispira Brönnimann and Resig, p. 1282, pl. 36, figs. 4, 6, pl. 44, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, pl. 47, fig. 1.

1974 Globorotalia (Turborotalita ) planispira Brönnimann and Resig— Ujiié and Ōki, pl. 3, fig. 1.

1981 Globorotaloides hexagona (Natland)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 91, pl. 28, figs. 1, 2.

1983 Globoquadrina hexagona (Natland)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 216, pl. 54, figs. 1, 3—5.

1985 Globorotaloides variabilis Bolli, var. B—Ujiié, p. 111, pl. 9, figs. 11—13.

1985 Globoquadrina hexagona (Natland)—Ujiié, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2; Ibaraki, p. 119, pl. 5, figs. 8, 9.

1988 Neogloboquadrina hexagona (Natland) —— Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 50, pl. 7, figs. 14—15.

2003 Globorotaloides hexagona (Natland)—Ujiié, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 6.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Superfamily GLOBIGERINOIDEA Carpenter, Parker, and Jones, 1862
Family GLOBIGERINIDAE Carpenter, Parker, and Jones, 1862
Subfamily GLOBIGERININAE Carpenter, Parker, and Jones, 1862
Genus ALLOGLOBIGERINOIDES Huang, 1986
Alloglobigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)
Figures 18.15-15.18

1879 Globigerina conglobata Brady, pp. 286, 287.

1884 Globigerina conglobata Brady—Brady, pl. 80, figs. 1—5.

1959 Globigerinoides conglobata (Brady)—Bradshow, p. 40, pl. 7, figs. 5, 6.

1962 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Parker, p. 229, pl. 3, figs. 1—5; Belford, pp. 18, 19, pl. 4, figs. 15—20, text-figs. 3-1—3-6.

1965 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Todd, p. 62, pl. 25, fig. 3.

1967 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Parker, p. 154, pl. 20, figs. 3, 4.

1968 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Huang, p. 60, pl. 11, figs. 10, 24.

1975 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Kameyama, pl., fig. 2.

1975 Globigerinoides conglobatus conglobatus (Brady)—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 2, fig. 1.

1977 Globigerinoides conglobata (Brady)—McCulloch, p. 417, pl. 173, fig. 5.

1977 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Kadar, p. 67, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7.

1978 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Oda, p. 53, pl. 2, figs. 12, 13.

1981 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 56, pl. 14, fig. 1.

1983 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 58, pl. 12, figs. 4—6.

1985 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Ibaraki, p. 111, pl. 3, figs, 3, 4; Bolli and Saunders, p. 194, fig. 21.1.

1988 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 42, 43, pl. 6, figs. 13—16.

1994 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Jones, p. 89, pl. 80, figs. 1—5, p. 90, pl. 82, fig. 5.

1994 Alloglobigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 105, pl. 193, figs. 5—10, pl. 194, figs. 1—3.

2004 Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)—Hanagata, pl. 5, fig. 4.

2004 Candeina nitida d’Orbigny—Hanagata, pl. 4, fig. 4.

Remarks. The first author (Hanagata, 2004) erroneously identified this as the variation which has a bulla-like cover closing the umbilicus under the name of Candeina nitida. Belford (1962), Huang (1968, pl. 11, fig. 10), Kadar (1977), and Loeblich and Tappan (1994, pl. 193, figs. 8—10) illustrated variants with such bulla-like covers.

Occurrence. Common in the Minebari and Yonahama formations.

Genus GLOBIGERINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Globigerina bulbosa LeRoy
Figures 19.7, 19.8

1944 Globigerina bulbosa LeRoy (Part 2), p. 39, pl. 3, figs. 26, 27.

1959 Globigerina bulbosa LeRoy—Blow, pp. 174, 175, pl. 9, fig. 37.

1968 Globigerina bulbosa LeRoy—Huang, pl. 11, fig. 3.

1969 Globigerina bulbosa LeRoy—Blow, pl. 13, figs. 3—6.

Remarks. As Blow (1959) noted, this species is closely related to Globigerina foliata but can be differentiated by its radially elongated form.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny
Figures 18.19, 18.20

1826 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny, p. 277.

1941 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 3), p. 118, pl. 3, figs. 27, 28.

1944 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 39, pl. 7, figs. 40—42.

1959 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Bradshow, p. 33, pl. 6, figs. 1—4; Blow, p. 175, 176, pl. 9, fig. 38.

1962 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Parker, p. 221, pl. 1, figs. 1—8; Belford, pp. 9, 10. pl. 1, figs. 16—20.

1964 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—LeRoy, p. F42, pl. 14, fig. 11.

1967 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Huang, p. 187, pl. 16, fig. 3.

1978 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Oda, p. 50, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3.

1981 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 40, pl. 7, fig. 1.

1983 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 36, pl. 6, figs. 4—6.

1985 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Ujiié, p. 108, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2; Papp and Schmid, p. 62, pl. 54, figs. 1—6; Ibaraki, p. 106, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6; Rögl, p. 321, figs. 4.1, 4.2.

1988 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 39, 40, pl. 7, figs. 1—5.

1994 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 88, pl. 77, pl. 79, figs. 3—7.

2003 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Ujiié, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 8.

2004 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny—Hanagata, pl. 1, fig. 1.

Occurrence. Common in all the formations of the present study.

Globigerina falconensis Blow
Figures 19.1, 19.2

1959 Globigerina falconensis Blow, p. 177, pl. 9, figs. 40, 41.

1962 Globigerina falconensis Blow—Parker, p. 224, pl. 1, figs. 14, 16—19.

1963 Globigerina falconensis Blow—Saito, p. 185, pl. 56, fig. 5.

1967 Globigerina falconensis Blow—Huang, p. 187, pl. 16, fig. 4.

1978 Globigerina falconensis Blow—Oda, pp. 50, 51, pl. 1, figs. 8, 9.

1981 Globigerina falconensis Blow—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 40, pl. 7, fig. 2.

1983 Globigerina falconensis Blow—Kennett and Srinivasan, pp. 40, 42, pl. 7, figs. 1—3.

1985 Globigerina falconensis Blow—Ibaraki, pp. 107, 108, pl. 1, figs. 15, 16; Iaccarino, p. 303, fig. 5.2.

2004 Globigerina falconensis Blow—Hanagata, pl. 5, fig. 2.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Globigerina foliata Bolli
Figures 19.3-19.6

1957 Globigerina foliata Bolli, p. 111, pl. 24, fig. 1.

1959 Globigerina foliata Bolli—Blow, pp. 177, 178, pl. 10, fig. 42.

1968 Globigerina foliata Bolli—Huang, p. 60, pl. 11, figs. 1, 8.

1975 Globigerina parabulloides Blow—Kameyama, pl. 1, fig. 1 (non G. parabulloides Blow, 1959).

1977 Globigerina foliata Bolli—Kadar, p. 63, pl. 2, fig. 10.

1978 Globigerina foliata Bolli—Oda, p. 51, pl. 1, fig. 7.

1985 Globigerina foliata Bolli—Ujiié, p. 108, pl. 1, figs. 5—10; Ibaraki, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2.

2003 Globigerina foliata Bolli—Ujiié, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 9.

2004 Globigerina foliata Bolli—Hanagata, pl. 5, fig. 3.

Remarks. This species is commonly found in the Pliocene of the Ryukyu Islands, yet has been rarely reported from Japan’s main islands. The compact-chambered form is distinguished as “var. A” following Ujiié (1985, pl. 1, figs. 9, 10).

Occurrence. Common to abundant in all the formations of the present study.

Genus GLOBIGERINELLA Cushman, 1927a
Globigerinella praecalida (Blow)
Figures 19.9-19.11

1969 Globigerina calida praecalida Blow, p. 380, pl. 13, figs. 6, 7, pl. 14, fig. 3.

1974 Globigerina calida praecalida Blow—Ujiié and Ōki, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.

1985 Globigerina calida praecalida Blow—Ibaraki, pp. 106, 107, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8.

1985 Globigerina praecalida Blow—Ujiié, p. 108, pl. 1, fig. 13, pl. 2, fig. 1.

Remarks. We regard the genus Bolliella Banner and Blow (1959) as a junior synonym of Globigerinella.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Minebari and Yonahama formations.

Globigerinella pseudobesa (Salvatorini)
Figures 19.12, 19.13

1967 Turborotalia pseudobesa Salvatorini, pp. 666, 667, pl. 2, figs. 6—15, text-fig. 1A.

1977 Globigerina pseudobesa (Salvatorini)—Berggren, p. 294, pl. 1, figs. 3—11.

1983 Globigerina pseudobesa (Salvatorini)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 236, pl. 59, figs. 6—8.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Globigerinella siphonifera (d'Orbigny)
Figures 19.14, 19.15

1839 Globigerina siphonifera d’Orbigny (a), p. 83, pl. 4, figs. 15—18.

1879 Globigerina aequilateralis Brady, p. 285.

1941 Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 44, pl. 2, figs. 43, 44.

1944 Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady)—LeRoy (Part 1), pp. 40, 41, pl. 3, figs. 24, 25, pl. 6, figs. 37, 38; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 91, pl. 4, figs. 13, 14.

1959 Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady)—Bradshow, p. 38, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2; Graham and Militante, p. 111, pl. 18, fig. 11.

1959 Globigerinella aequilateralis involute (Cushman)—Blow, pp. 171, 172, pl. 8, fig. 32.

1962 Globigerinella siphonifera (d’Orbigny)—Parker, p. 228, pl. 2, figs. 22—28.

1962 Globigerinella aequilateralis aequilateralis (Brady)—Belford, p. 21, pl. 5, figs. 15—18.

1964 Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady)—LeRoy, p. F42, pl. 14, figs. 19, 20.

1965 Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady)—Todd, pp. 64, 65, pl. 25, figs. 4, 5.

1967 Globigerinella siphonifera (d’Orbigny)—Parker, pp. 152, 153, pl. 22, fig. 5.

1968 Globigerinella siphonifera (d’Orbigny)—Huang, p. 60, pl. 11, figs. 16, 17.

1975 Globigerinella siphonifera (d’Orbigny)—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 4, fig. 15.

1977 Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady)—Kadar, p. 67, pl. 4, fig. 26.

1978 Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady)—Oda, p. 52, pl. 2, figs. 8, 9.

1981 Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, pp. 26, 28, pl. 2, fig. 2.

1985 Globigerinella siphonifera (d’Orbigny)—Ibaraki, p. 121, pl. 6, fig. 3.

1985 Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady)—Ujiié, pl. 17, figs. 7, 8.

1985 Hastigerina siphonifera (d’Orbigny)—Bolli and Saunders, pp. 251, 253, figs. 42.1—42.4, 43.1, 43.2.

1988 Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 39, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4.

1994 Globigerinella siphonifera (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 106, pl. 200, figs. 7—10, pl. 201, figs. 1—3.

2004 Globigerinella siphonifera (d’Orbigny)—Hanagata, pl. 4, fig. 7.

Remarks. We include the morphotype of G. aequilateralis in the present species, although these forms have been differentiated in numerous previous reports.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi Formation, common in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus GLOBIGERINOIDES Cushman, 1927a
Globigerinoides extremus Bolli and Bermúdez
Figures 20.1, 20.2

1965 Globigerinoides obliquus extremus Bolli and Bermudez, p. 139, pl. 1, figs. 10—12.

1968 Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli—Huang, p. 60, pl. 11, figs. 18, 19.

1975 Globigerinoides obliquus extremus Bolli and Bermudez—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 12, fig. 2.

1977 Globigerinoides obliquus extremus Bolli and Bermudez—Kadar, p. 67, pl. 1, fig. 7.

1978 Globigerinoides extremus Bolli and Bermudez—Oda, p. 53, pl. 3, figs. 5, 6.

1983 Globigerinoides extremus Bolli and Bermudez—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 58, pl. 12, figs. 1—3.

1985 Globigerinoides extremus Bolli and Bermudez—Ujiié, p. 110, pl. 5, figs. 2—5.

1985 Globigerinoides obliquus extremus Bolli and Bermudez—Ibaraki, p. 113, pl. 3, figs. 13, 14; Bolli and Saunders, pp. 194, 195, fig. 20.11.

2004 Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli—Hanagata, pl. 5, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Common in the Oura, Onogoshi, and Yonahama formations; a single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli
Figures 20.3, 20.4

1957 Globigerinoides obliqua Bolli, p. 113, pl. 25, figs. 9, 10, text-fig. 21.5.

1959 Globigerinoides obliqua Bolli—Blow, pp. 191, 192, pl. 11, fig. 68.

1962 Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli—Belford, p. 20, pl. 5, figs. 11—14.

1967 Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli—Parker, p. 155, pl. 20, fig. 5 (non fig. 6).

1974 Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli—Ujiié and Hatta, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4.

1975 Globigerinoides obliquus obliquus Bolli—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 2, fig. 5.

1977 Globigerinoides obliquus obliquus Bolli—Kadar, p. 67, pl. 1, fig. 4.

1978 Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli—Oda, p. 53, pl. 3, figs. 7—9.

1981 Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 54, pl. 13, fig. 3.

1983 Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 56, pl. 11, figs. 7—9.

1985 Globigerinoides obliquus Bolli—Ujiié, p. 110, pl. 5, figs. 2—5.

1985 Globigerinoides obliquus obliquus Bolli—Ibaraki, p. 113, pl. 3, figs. 15, 16; Bolli and Saunders, p. 194, fig. 20.12.

Occurrence. Common in the Oura and Onogoshi formations and the lower part of the Yonahama Formation.

Globigerinoides pyramidalis (Van den Broeck)
Figures 20.5, 20.6

1876 Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny, var. rubra d’Orbigny subvar. pyramidalis Van den Broeck, p. 127, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10.

1941 Globigerinoides rubra (D’Orbigny)—LeRoy (Part 3), p. 118, pl. 3, figs. 4—6.

1962 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Parker, pp. 230, 232, pl. 3, figs. 12—14, pl. 4, figs. 1—10; Belford, pl. 5, figs. 4—6 (only).

1964 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy, p. F42, pl. 14, fig. 14.

1967 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Parker, p. 156, pl. 22, figs. 1—4.

1981 Globigerinoides pyramidalis (van den Broeck)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 62, pl. 16, fig. 1.

1985 Globigerinoides pyramidalis (van den Broeck)—Ujiié, p. 110, pl. 6, figs. 2, 3.

1994 Globigerinoides pyramidalis (van den Broeck)—Jones, p. 89, pl. 79, figs. 13—15; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 107, pl. 204, figs. 4—8, pl. 206, figs. 7—9.

2004 Globigerinoides pyramidalis (van den Broeck)—Hanagata, pl. 5, fig. 6.

Remarks. This species has a much higher trochospiral test than G. ruber which many authors have regarded as a synonym.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations, common in the Minebari Formation.

Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny)
Figures 20.7-20.9

1839 Globigerina rubra d’Orbigny (a), p. 82, pl. 4, figs. 12—14.

1941 Globigerinoides rubra (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy (Part 2), pp. 86, 87, pl. 7, figs. 13—15.

1959 Globigerinoides rubra (d’Orbigny)—Bradshow, p. 42, pl. 7, figs. 12, 13; Blow, pp. 192, 193, pl. 11, fig. 70, pl. 13, fig. 69.

1959 Globigerinoides ruber (Orbigny)—Graham and Militante, pp. 111, 112, pl. 18, fig. 12.

1962 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Parker, pp. 230, 232, pl. 3, fig. 11; Belford, pp. 19, 20, pl. 5, figs. 1—3 (only).

1963 Globigerinoides ruber ruber (d’Orbigny)—Saito, p. 197, pl. 56, fig. 9.

1965 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Todd, p. 63, pl. 25, fig. 6.

1967 Globigerinoides ruber ruber (d’Orbigny)—Huang, pp. 187, 188, pl. 16, figs. 24, 25, 27.

1968 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Huang, p. 60, pl. 11, fig. 5.

1975 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 3, fig. 6.

1977 Globigerinoides rubra (d’Orbigny)—McCulloch, pp. 418, 419, pl. 173, fig. 4.

1977 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Kadar, p. 67, pl. 2, fig. 8.

1978 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Oda, p. 54, pl. 2, figs. 18, 19.

1981 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 59, pl. 15, fig. 1.

1983 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 78, pl. 10, fig. 6, pl. 17, figs. 1—3.

1985 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Ibaraki, p. 115, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6; Bolli and Saunders, p. 196, figs. 20.1, 20.2, 20.6.

1988 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 41, 42, pl. 5, figs. 11—14.

1994 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Jones, p. 89, pl. 79, figs. 11, 12, 16, pl. 81, figs. 4, 5; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 107, pl. 203, figs. 1—9, pl. 206, figs. 10—12.

2004 Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny)—Hanagata, pl. 5, fig. 7.

Occurrence. Common to abundant in all the formations of the present study.

Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)
Figures 20.10-20.12

1884 Globigerina sacculifera Brady, p. 604, pl. 80, figs. 11—17, pl. 82, fig. 4.

1941 Globigerinoides sacculiferus (Brady)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 44, pl. 2, figs. 68—70; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 97, pl. 4, figs. 25—27; LeRoy (Part 3), p. 118, pl. 3, figs. 19—21.

1941 Globigerinoides sacculiferus (Brady) var. immature LeRoy—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 87, pl. 7, figs. 16—18.

1944 Globigerinoides sacculiferus (Brady)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 40, pl. 3, figs. 40, 41.

1959 Globigerinoides sacculifers (Brady)—Bradshow, p. 42, pl. 7, figs. 14, 15, 18.

1959 Globigerinoides triloba sacculifera (Brady)—Blow, pp. 188, 189, pl. 11, fig. 63.

1959 Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)—Graham and Militante, pp. 112, 113, pl. 19, fig. 1.

1962 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus sacculifer (Brady)—Parker, pp. 229, 230, pl. 3, figs. 6—10; Belford, p. 15, pl. 3, figs. 14—16, pl. 4, figs. 1—6.

1962 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus quadrilobatus (d’Orbigny)—Belford, pp. 12, 13, pl. 2, figs. 17—21.

1962 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus immaturus Le Roy—Belford, p. 13, pl. 2, figs. 22—24, pl. 3, figs. 1—4.

1962 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus trilobus (Reuss)—Belford, pp. 13, 14, pl. 3, figs. 5—8.

1962 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus irregularis Le Roy—Belford, pp. 14, 15, pl. 3, figs. 9—13.

1963 Globigerinoides trilobus (Reuss)—Saito, p. 199, pl. 54, fig. 15.

1964 Globigerinoides triloba immatua LeRoy—LeRoy, p. F42, pl. 14, fig. 16.

1964 Globigerinoides triloba sacculifera (Brady)—LeRoy, p. F42, pl. 14, fig. 18.

1965 Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)—Todd, p. 63, pl. 26, fig. 4.

1967 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus sacculifer (Brady)—Huang, p. 187, pl. 16, figs. 22, 29.

1967 Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)—Parker, pp. 156—159, pl. 21, figs. 1, 2, 4, text-fig. 5.

1968 Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)—Huang, p. 60, pl. 11, figs. 21—23, 29—31.

1975 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus trilobus (Reuss)—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 2, fig. 3.

1975 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus sacculifer (Brady)—Ibaraki and Tsuchi, pl. 2, fig. 4.

1977 Globigerinoides sacculifera (Brady)—McCulloch, p. 419, pl. 173, figs. 8, 10.

1977 Globigerinoides trilobus trilobus (Reuss)—Kadar, p. 66, pl. 1, fig. 1.

1977 Globigerinoides trilobus immaturus (LeRoy)—Kadar, p. 66, pl. 1, fig. 2.

1977 Globigerinoides sacculiferus (Brady)—Kadar, p. 66, pl. 1, fig. 3.

1978 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus immaturus LeRoy—Oda, p. 53, pl. 2, figs. 14, 15.

1978 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus sacculifer (Brady)—Oda, pp. 53, 54, pl. 3, figs. 1—3.

1978 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus trilobus (Reuss)—Oda, p. 54, pl. 2, fig. 11.

1981 Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, pp. 65, 66, pl. 17, figs. 1, 2.

1983 Globigerinoides triloba (Brady)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 62, pl. 10, fig. 4, pl. 13, figs. 1—3.

1983 Globigerinoides imaturus LeRoy—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 64, pl. 10, fig. 3, pl. 13, figs. 7—9.

1983 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus (Brady)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 66, pl. 14, figs. 1—3.

1983 Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 66, pl. 14, figs. 4—6.

1985 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus immaturus LeRoy—Ibaraki, pp. 113, 114, pl. 3, figs. 17, 18.

1985 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus sacculifer (Brady)—Ibaraki, p. 114, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2.

1985 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus trilobus (Reuss)—Ibaraki, pp. 114, 115, pl. 4, figs. 3, 4.

1985 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus sacculifer (Brady)—Ujiié, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6.

1985 Globigerinoides trilobus sacculifer (Brady)—Bolli and Saunders, p. 196, fig. 20.13.

1988 Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 42, pl. 6, figs. 1—12.

1994 Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)—Jones, p. 89, pl. 80, figs. 11—17, pl. 81, figs. 2, 3, pl. 82, fig. 4.

1994 Globigerinoides sacculifers (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 107, pl. 205, figs. 1—9.

1994 Globigerinoides trilobus (Reuss)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 107, pl. 206, figs. 1—6.

2004 Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)—Hanagata, pl. 5, fig. 8, pl. 6, fig. 1.

Remarks. Bé (1980) summarized synonyms of this species, and we here follow his views (see synonymy). André et al. (2013) confirmed such morphological variation in this species on the basis of molecular evidence.

Occurrence. Common to abundant in all the formations of the present study.

Genus GLOBIGERINOIDESELLA El-Naggar, 1971
Globigerinoidesella fistulosa (Schubert)
Figure 21.1

1910 Globigerina fistulosa Schubert, pp. 323, 324, text-fig. 2, fig. 13.

1962 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus fistulosus (Schubert)—Belford, pp. 16, 17, pl. 4, figs. 7—10.

1964 Globigerinoides triloba fistulosa (Schubert)—LeRoy, p. F42, pl. 14, fig. 17.

1967 Globigerinoides fistulosus (Schubert)—Parker, pp. 154, 155, pl. 21, figs. 3, 5, 6, text-fig. 4.

1967 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus fistulosus (Schubert)—Huang, p. 187, pl. 16, fig. 28.

1968 Globigerinoides fistulosa (Schubert)—Huang, p. 60, pl. 11, fig. 28.

1977 Globigerinoides fistulosa (Schubert)—McCulloch, p. 418, pl. 173, fig. 11.

1981 Globigerinoides fistulosa (Schubert)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 68, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2.

1983 Globigerinoides fistulosa (Schubert)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 68, pl. 14, figs. 7—9.

1985 Globigerinoides fistulosa (Schubert)—Ujiié, p. 110, pl. 4, fig. 7, pl. 5, fig. 1.

1985 Globigerinoides trilobus fistulosus (Schubert)—Bolli and Saunders, pp. 196—198, figs. 22.5—22.11.

1987 Globigerinoidesella fistulosa (Schubert)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 536, figs. 7, 8.

2004 Globigerinoidesella fistulosa (Schubert)—Hanagata, pl. 3, fig. 3.

Occurrence. Three specimens from a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Genus GLOBOTURBOROTALITA Hofker 1976
Globoturborotalita decoraperta (Takayanagi and Saito)
Figures 21.2, 21.3

1962 Globigerina druyi Akers decoraperta Takayanagi and Saito, p. 85, pl. 28, fig. 10.

1967 Globigerina decoraperta Takayanagi and Saito—Parker, pp. 149, 150, pl. 19, figs. 1, 2.

1974 Globigerina decoraperta Takayanagi and Saito—Ujiié and Ōki, pl. 1, fig. 5.

1978 Globigerina decoraperta Takayanagi and Saito—Oda, p. 50, pl. 1, figs. 4—6.

1983 Globigerina (Zeaglobigerina) decoraperta Takayanagi and Saito—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 48, pl. 9, figs. 4—6.

1985 Globigerina decoraperta Takayanagi and Saito—Ujiié, p. 109, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6; Ibaraki, p. 107, pl. 1, figs. 9, 10; Iaccarino, p. 302, figs. 5.5.

2004 Globoturborotalita decoraperta (Takayanagi and Saito)—Hanagata, pl. 6, fig. 4.

Occurrence. Common in all the formations of the present study.

Globoturborotalita nepenthes (Todd)
Figures 21.4, 21.5

1957 Globigerina nepenthes Todd, p. 301, pl. 78, fig. 7.

1959 Globigerina nepenthes Todd—Blow, pp. 178, 179, pl. 8, figs. 44, 45.

1967 Globigerina nepenthes Todd—Parker, pp. 150, 151, pl. 19, fig. 10; Huang, p. 187, pl. 16, figs. 7, 13, 14.

1977 Globigerina nepenthes Todd—Kadar, p. 63, pl. 2, fig. 11.

1978 Globigerina nepenthes Todd—Oda, p. 51, pl. 1, figs. 12—14; Keller(a), pl. 5, figs. 12, 13.

1983 Globigerina (Zeaglobigerina) nepenthes Todd—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 48, pl. 9, figs. 1—3.

1985 Globigerina nepenthes Todd—Ujiié, p. 109, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4; Ibaraki, p. 108, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4; Bolli and Saunders, pp. 201, 202, fig. 25.

Remarks. Specimens from Miyakojima Island illustrate the young stage; the development of a high arched aperture which characterizes this species is not observed. The vertically growing aperture that is accompanied by a distinct rim discriminates this species from congeners.

Occurrence. Common in the Oura and Onogoshi formations.

Globoturborotalita rubescens (Hofker)
Figures 21.6, 21.7

1956 Globigerina rubescens Hofker (b), p. 234, pl. 32, fig. 26, pl. 35, figs. 18—21.

1962 Globigerina rubescens Hofker—Parker, p. 226, pl. 2, figs. 17, 18.

1967 Globigerina rubescens Hofker—Parker, p. 152, pl. 19, figs. 3, 4.

1968 Globigerina riveroae Bolli and Bermudez—Huang, p. 60, pl. 11, fig. 4 (non G. riveroae Bolli and Bermudez, 1965).

1973 Globigerina (Zeaglobigerina) rubescens Hofker—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 50, pl. 99, figs. 7—9.

1974 Globigerina rubescens Hofker—Ujiié and Ōki, pl. 1, fig. 4.

1977 Globigerina rubescens Hofker—Kadar, p. 61, pl. 2, fig. 9.

1981 Globigerina rubescens Hofker—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 50, pl. 11, fig. 1.

1985 Globigerina rubescens Hofker—Ujiié, p. 109, pl. 2, fig. 7; Ibaraki, p. 110, pl. 2, figs. 15, 16.

1987 Globoturborotalita rubescens (Hofker)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 537, figs. 7-15.

1988 Globigerina rubescens Hofker—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng and Chen, pp. 40, 41, pl. 7, figs. 16—17

1994 Globoturborotalita rubescens (Hofker)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 108, pl. 208, figs. 1—12.

2004 Globoturborotalita rubescens (Hofker)—Hanagata, pl. 6, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Common to abundant in all the formations of the present study.

Genus SPHAEROIDINELLA Cushman, 1927a
Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)
Figures 21.8, 21.9

1865 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny var. dehiscens Parker and Jones, p. 369, pl. 19, fig. 5.

1941 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—p. 87, pl. 6, fig. 13.

1959 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Bradshow, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 21—23; Graham and Militante, p. 114, pl. 19, fig. 5.

1962 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Belford, p. 30, pl. 8, figs. 19—21.

964 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—LeRoy, p. F43, pl. 14, figs. 19, 20.

1967 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Parker, pp. 160, 161, pl. 23, figs. 8, 9.

1967 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Huang, p. 188, pl. 16, figs. 12, 31, 32, 34, 36.

1976 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Natori, pl. 1, fig. 6.

1977 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—McCulloch, p. 407, pl. 174, figs. 17, 18; Kadar, p. 65, pl. 3, fig. 19.

1978 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Oda, p. 64, pl. 10, figs. 16, 17.

1981 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, pp. 72, 74, pl. 20, fig. 2.

1983 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 212, pl. 51, fig. 2, pl. 52, figs. 7—9.

1985 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Ujiié, p. 111, pl. 8, fig. 2; Bolli and Saunders, pp. 244, 245, figs. 39.1—39.8.

1985 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Ibaraki, p. 139, pl. 13, figs. 9, 10.

1988 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 44, pl. 5, figs. 7—9.

1994 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Jones, pp. 91, 92, pl. 84, figs. 8—11.

2004 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker and Jones)—Hanagata, pl. 6, fig. 6.

Remarks. We do not distinguish subspecies of S. dehiscens in the present study. Specimens from the sequence studied are primitive in that the opening of encrustation is not broad, so our material include the primitive subspecies S. dehiscens immatura (Cushman) (e.g., Natori, 1976, pl. 1, fig. 5), while the advanced subspecies S. dehiscens excavata Banner and Blow (e.g., Natori, 1976, pl. 1, fig. 7) has not been observed .

Occurrence. Common in the upper part of the Yonahama Formation and the Minebari Formation.

Genus SPHAEROIDINELLOPSIS Banner and Blow, 1959
Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina (Schwager)
Figures 21.10, 21.11

1866 Globigerina seminula Schwager, p. 256, pl. 7, fig. 112.

1941 Globigerina seminulina Reuss—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 44, pl. 3, fig. 108.

1959 Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subdehiscens Blow, pp. 195, 196, pl. 12, figs. 71, 72.

1959 Sphaeroidinella seminula seminulina (Schwager)—Blow, pp. 197, 198, pl. 12, figs. 74—76.

1962 Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens (Blow)—Belford, pp. 30, 31, pl. 8, figs. 26—28.

1962 Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina seminulina (Schwager)—Belford, p. 31, pl. 8, figs. 22—25.

1963 Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina (Schwager)—Saito, pp. 200, 201, pl. 56, fig. 13.

1963 Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens (Blow)—Saito, p. 201, pl. 56, fig. 12.

1964 Sphaeroidinella seminula (Schwager)—LeRoy, p. F43, pl. 14, figs. 23, 24.

1967 Sphaeroidinella seminula (Schwager)—Parker, pp. 161, 162, pl. 23, figs. 1—5.

1967 Sphaeroidinella subdehiscens Blow—Parker, p. 162, pl. 23, figs. 6, 7.

1968 Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina (Schwager)—Huang, p. 61, pl. 11, figs. 26, 27.

1969 Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens subdehiscens (Blow)—Blow, p. 338, pl. 20, figs. 1—3, 6, pl. 31, figs. 1—3.

1974 Sphaeroidinellopsis seminula seminula (Schwager)—Ujiié and Ōki, pl. 1, fig. 12.

1976 Sphaeroidinellopsis seminula seminula (Schwager)—Natori, p. 229, pl. 1, fig. 2.

1976 Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens subdehiscens (Blow)—Natori, p. 229, pl. 1, fig. 1.

1977 Sphaeroidinella seminulina (Schwager)—Kadar, p. 64, pl. 3, figs. 17, 18.

1978 Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina (Schwager)—Oda, p. 64, pl. 10, figs. 11, 12.

1978 Sphaeroidinella subdehiscens Blow—Keller (a), pl. 5, figs. 14, 15.

1983 Sphaeroidinellopsis seminula seminula (Schwager)—Kennett and Srinivasan, pp. 206, 208, pl. 51, figs. 1, 6—8.

1985 Sphaeroidinellopsis seminula seminula (Schwager)—Ibaraki, p. 140, pl. 13, figs. 12, 13.

1985 Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens subdehiscens (Blow)—Ibaraki, p. 141, pl. 13, figs. 16, 17.

1985 Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina (Schwager)—Ujiié, pp. 110, 111, pl. 7, figs. 9—11; Bolli and Saunders, pp. 241, 242, figs. 38.6—38.13.

Remarks. We do not separate the morphotype subdehiscens Blow from S. seminulina following the view expressed by Srinivasan and Kennett (1981).

Occurrence. Low in number, but continuously present from the Onogoshi Formation to the lower part of the Yonahama Formation.

Genus TURBOROTALITA Blow and Banner in Eames, Banner, Blow, and Clarke, 1962
Turborotalita humilis (Brady)
Figures 21.12, 21.13

1884 Truncatulina humilis Brady, p. 665, pl. 94, fig. 7.

1962 Globigerinita humilis (Brady)—Parker, pp. 249, 250, pl. 10, figs. 1—25.

1965 Globigerinita humilis (Brady)—Todd, pp. 66, 67, pl. 25, figs. 1, 2.

1967 Turborotalita humilis (Brady)—Parker, pp. 146, 147, pl. 17, fig. 10.

1981 Turborotalita humilis (Brady)—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, pl. 25, figs. 1—3.

1983 Turborotalita humilis (Brady)—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 167, pl. 41, figs. 1, 3—5.

1985 Turborotalita humilis (Brady)—Ibaraki, p. 123, pl. 6, figs. 16, 17; Bolli and Saunders, p. 188, fig. 17.9.

1994 Turborotalita humilis (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 109, pl. 210, figs. 1—12.

2003 Turborotalia humilis (Brady)—Ujiié, pp. 41, 42, pl. 1, fig. 4.

2004 Turborotalita humilis (Brady)—Hanagata, pl. 3, fig. 7.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations.

Turborotalita quinqueloba (Natland)
Figures 21.14, 21.15

1838 Globigerina quinqueloba Natland, p. 149, pl. 6, fig. 7.

1959 Globigerina quinqueloba Natland—Bradshow, p. 38, pl. 6, figs. 24, 25.

1962 Globigerina quinqueloba Natland—Parker, pp. 225, 226, pl. 2, figs. 7—16.

1967 Globigerina cf. G. quinqueloba Natland—Parker, pp. 151, 152, pl. 18, figs. 13, 14.

1978 Globigerina quinqueloba Natland—Oda, pp. 51, 52, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6.

1981 Globigerina quinqueloba Natland—Saito, Thompson, and Breger, p. 48, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2.

1983 Globigerina quinqueloba Natland—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 4—6.

1985 Globigerina quinqueloba Natland—Ibaraki, p. 110, pl. 2, figs. 13, 14; Jenkins, p. 275, fig. 7.2.

1988 Globigerina quinqueloba Natland—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng and Chen, p. 14, pl. 8, figs. 1—6.

1994 Berggrenia pumilio (Parker)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 100, pl. 180, figs. 8—13. (not pl. 181, figs. 1—3) (non Globorotalia pumilio Parker, 1962)

2004 Turborotalita quinqueloba (Natland)—Hanagata, pl. 3, fig. 6.

Occurrence. Common in the Oura, Onogoshi, and Minebari formations, abundant in the Yonahama Formation.

Subfamily ORBULININAE Schultze, 1854
Genus ORBULINA d’Orbigny, 1839a
Orbulina suturalis Brönnimann
Figures 21.16, 21.17

1951 Orbulina suturalis Brönnimann (b), p. 271, pl. 31, fig. 1.

1959 Orbulina suturalis Brönnimann—Blow, p. 200, pl. 13, fig. 69.

1977 Orbulina suturalis Brönnimann—Kadar, p. 66, pl. 4, fig. 25.

1978 Orbulina suturalis Brönnimann—Oda, p. 62, pl. 5, fig. 16.

1983 Orbulina suturalis Brönnimann—Kennett and Srinivasan, p. 86, pl. 20, figs. 1—3.

1985 Orbulina suturalis Brönnimann—Ujiié, pl. 6, fig. 7; Ibaraki, pp. 119, 120, pl. 5, fig. 10; Papp and Schmid, p. 20, pl. 1, figs. 1—5; Bolli and Saunders, p. 201, figs. 23.2, 24.3.

2004 Orbulina suturalis Brönnimann—Hanagata, pl. 6, fig. 7.

Occurrence. Rare in the Minebari and Yonahama formations.

Orbulina universa d'Orbigny
Figures 21.18, 21.19

1839 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny (a), p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 1.

1941 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 44, pl. 1, fig. 4; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 87, pl. 1, fig. 27; LeRoy (Part 3), p. 118, pl. 1, fig. 17.

1944 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 41, pl. 3, figs. 44, 45; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 91, pl. 3, fig. 19.

1959 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—Bradshow, p. 49, pl. 8, figs. 17, 18; Blow, p. 200, pl. 13, fig. 83; Graham and Militante, p. 113, pl. 19, fig. 3.

1962 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—Belford, p. 6—9, pl. 1, figs. 1—15.

1964 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—LeRoy, p. F42, pl. 14, fig. 5.

1968 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—Huang, p. 61, pl. 10, fig. 15.

1977 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—Kadar, p. 66, pl. 4, fig. 24.

1983 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—Kennett and Srinivasan, pp. 86, 88, pl. 18, fig. 2, pl. 20, figs. 4—6.

1985 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—Ibaraki, p. 120, pl. 5, fig. 11; Bolli and Saunders, p. 201, figs. 23.1, 24.2.

1988 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 44, pl. 5, figs. 5, 6.

1994 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 88, pl. 78, figs. 8—27, pl. 82, figs. 1—3; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 109, pl. 207, figs. 1—3, pl. 211, figs. 4—7.

2004 Orbulina universa d’Orbigny—Hanagata, pl. 6, fig. 8.

Occurrence. Common in all the formations of the present study.

Suborder ROTALIINA Delage and Hérouard, 1896
Superfamily BOLIVINOIDEA Glaessner, 1937
Family BOLIVINIDAE Glaessner, 1937
Genus BOLIVINA d’Orbigny, 1839c
Bolivina antiqua d'Orbigny
Figures 22.1, 22.2

1846 Bolivina antiqua d’Orbigny, p. 240, pl. 14, figs. 11—13.

1985 Bolivina antiqua d’Orbigny—Papp and Schmid, p. 83, pl. 77, figs. 1—6.

1994 Bolivinellina translucens (Phleger and Parker)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 111, pl. 213, figs. 9—14 (non Bolivina translucens Phleger and Parker, 1951)

Remarks.Bolivina translucens has more inflated chambers and depressed sutures than the present species. The discrimination between the genera Bolivina and Brizalina has been controversial. Loeblich and Tappan (1987) considered Brizalina to be a valid genus, but Sgrella (1992) restudied Brizalina aenariensis Costa, type species of the genus, and concluded that it had features fitting Bolivina. Loeblich and Tappan (1994) followed Sgrella’s (1992) conclusion. Revets (1996a), on the other hand, remarked that Sgrrella’s (1992) examination was insufficient and retained the genus Brizalina, putting weight on the apertural character. We do not distinguish Brizalina here, following Loeblich and Tappan (1994), since the inner apertural character does not seem critical in separation taxa in this complex taxonomic group.

Occurrence. Common in the Oura Formation.

Bolivina cacozela Vella
Figures 22.3-22.6

1957 Bolivina cacozela Vella, p. 33, pl. 8, figs. 162, 163.

2001 Bolivina cacozela Vella—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, p. 583, figs. 14-L, 14-M.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized and elongate species with perforated, yet smooth, flush surface and limbate septa.

Remarks. We recognize small and large forms; the former might be a different species, but we have tentatively included it here on the basis of similar morphology .

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations. The large form is confined to the Minebari Formation.

Bolivina cochei Cushman and Adams
Figures 22.17, 22.18

1935 Bolivina cochei Cushman and Adams, p. 19, pl. 3, figs. 6, 7.

Remarks. This species resembles Bolivina robusta in test size and general shape, but is distinguished by its compressed test with acute and thinly carinated periphery. Revets (1996a) suggested that this species belonged to the genus Brizalina, not Bolivina. It also resembles Bolivina marginata Cushman (1918) in possessing a peripheral keel, but that form has a more slender test.

Occurrence. Abundant in a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Bolivina glutinata Egger
Figures 22.7, 22.8

1893 Bolivina glutinata Egger, p. 297, pl. 8, figs. 57—62.

1994 Bolivina glutinata Egger—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 111, pl. 213, figs. 1—8.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with thick and roughly developed surface wall, and strongly curved sutures towards the periphery.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Bolivina kiiensis Asano
Figures 22.19, 22.20

1958 Bolivina kiiensis Asano, pp. 19, 20, pl. 4, figs. 7, 8.

1989 Bolivina kiiensis Asano—Ōki, pl. 9, fig. 4; Inoue, pl. 32, fig. 11.

Remarks. Some specimens show that the aperture is slightly separately bordered from the attaching point with the penultimate chamber by a marginal ridge, so the generic assignment of this species might have to be changed on the basis of additional observations of well-preserved specimens.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi Formation, rare in the Minebari Formation.

Bolivina pacifica Cushman and McCulloch
Figures 22.21, 22.22

1942 Bolivina acerosa Cushman var. pacifica Cushman and McCulloch, p. 185, pl. 21, figs. 2, 3.

1989 Bolivina pacifica Cushman and McCulloch—Ōki, p. 109, pl. 9, fig. 6; Inoue, pl. 32, fig. 4, pl. 33, fig. 16.

1990 Brizalina pacifica (Cushman and McCulloch)—Akimoto, p. 193, pl. 16, fig. 16.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Bolivina retia Ōki
Figures 22.9, 22.10

1989 Bolivina retia Ōki, pp. 109, 110, 170, pl. 9, fig. 7.

1995 Bolivina retia Ōki— Ujiié, p. 60, pl. 4, figs. 2, 3.

Diagnosis. Small-sized species with fine reticulation on test surface.

Remarks. This species was originally recorded from Kagoshima Bay, southwest Japan, and probably was a shallow-water, endemic form around the Ryukyu Island Arc and southwest Japan.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Bolivina robusta Brady
Figures 22.11, 22.12

1884 Bolivina robusta Brady, p. 421, pl. 53, figs. 7—9.

1911 Bolivina robusta Brady —Cushman, pp. 36, 37, figs. 59, 60.

1941 Bolivina robusta Brady —LeRoy (Part 1), p. 33, pl. 1, figs. 75, 76; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 80, pl. 1, fig. 2, pl. 2, figs. 9, 10.

1958 Bolivina robusta Brady —Asano, pp. 20, 21, pl. 5, figs. 1—3, 5, 6.

1964 Bolivina robusta Brady —LeRoy, p. F31, pl. 2, fig. 13.

1966 Bolivina robusta Brady —Belford, pp. 21, 23, pl. 1, figs. 5—7, text-fig. 4-10.

1968 Bolivina robusta Brady —Huang, p. 56, pl. 13, fig. 14.

1977 Bolivina cf. robusta Brady—McCulloch, p. 257, pl. 105, fig. 17.

1988 Bolivina robusta Brady —Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 147, pl. 34, figs. 1—5; Marle, p. 139, pl. 1, figs. 25, 26.

1989 Bolivina robusta Brady —Ōki, p. 110, pl. 10, fig. 1; Inoue, p. 150, pl. 20, fig. 6, pl. 23, fig. 1, pl. 31, fig. 5.

1990 Bolivina robusta Brady —Akimoto, pp. 192, 193, pl. 16, fig. 1, pl. 22, fig. 13.

1994 Bolivina robusta Brady —Jones, p. 58, pl. 53, figs. 7—9; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 111, pl. 215, figs. 17, 18.

1998 Bolivina robusta Brady —Hess, p. 76, pl. 10, fig. 3.

2002 Bolivina robusta Brady —Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 14, pl. 38, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Common to abundant in all the formations of the present study.

Bolivina striatula Cushman
Figures 22.13, 22.14

1922 Bolivina striatula Cushman (a), p. 27, pl. 3, fig. 10.

1942 Bolivina striatula Cushman—Cushman, pp. 30, 31, pl. 9, fig. 1.

1964 Bolivina striatula Cushman—LeRoy, p. F31, pl. 2, fig. 8.

1989 Bolivina striatula Cushman—Ōki, pp. 111, 171, pl. 10, fig. 3.

1992 Bolivina striatula Cushman—Ōki and Yamamoto, pp. 195, 196, fig. 4.9.

1993 Brizalina gr. striatula Cushman—Haig, pl. 6, figs. 7—10.

1998 Bolivina striatula Cushman—Hess, p. 76, pl. 10, fig. 4.

1999 Bolivina striatula Cushman—Fujita, Nishi, and Saito, pl. 2, fig. 3.

2006 Brizalina striatula (Cushman)—Takata, Irizuki, and Ishida, pl. 1, fig. 4.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Bolivina cf. subspinescens Cushman
Figure 22.23

Compared with:

1922 Bolivina subspinescens Cushman (b), p. 48, pl. 7, fig. 5.

Remarks. Our single specimen is broken and poorly preserved, so that critical identification is difficult.

Occurrence. Yonahama Formation.

Bolivina translucens Phleger and Parker
Figure 22.27

1951 Bolivina translucens Phleger and Parker, p. 15, pl. 7, figs. 13, 14.

Remarks. Inflated, slightly transparent chambers, and non-limbated sutures distinguish this species from others.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Bolivina variabilis (Williamson)
Figures 22.15, 22.16

1858 Textularia variabilis Williamson, p. 76, pl. 6, figs. 162, 163.

1924 Bolivina variabilis (Williamson)—Cushman, pp. 32, 33, pl. 9, fig. 3.

1989 Bolivina variabilis (Williamson)—Ōki, p. 112, pl. 10, fig. 6.

1992 Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 171, pl. 25, figs. 2, 3 (non Cushman and Wickenden, 1929).

1993 Bolivina sp.—Haig, pl. 6, figs. 1—3.

1994 Bolivina variabilis (Williamson)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 111, pl. 216, figs. 7—15.

1995 Bolivina variabilis (Williamson)—Ujiié, p. 60, pl. 91, fig. 5.

1998 Bolivina variabilis (Williamson)—Hess, pl. 19, fig. 6.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama Formation.

Bolivina cf. yabei Takayanagi
Figure 22.24

Compared with:

1953 Bolivina yabei Takayanagi, p. 31, pl. 4, fig. 9.

Remarks. The single specimen from Miyakojima Island is probably a juvenile of B. yabei.

Occurrence. Yonahama Formation.

Bolivina sp. A
Figures 22.25, 22.26

Description. Test very small for the genus, less than 0.2 mm in length; shape typical of genus; periphery rounded; sutures slightly depressed and strongly curved towards periphery; surface almost smooth with fine perforation; aperture interiomarginal but inside of aperture invisible due to sediment fill.

Remarks. This small species may not be detected in studies using sieves of 120-mesh or larger. We cannot find any species to assign this form to; we refrain from erecting a new species since it does not show enough characters to discriminate it from the vast amount of established bolivinid species.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Genus LATIBOLIVINA Srinivasan, 1966
Latibolivina subreticulata (Parr)
Figures 23.1, 23.2

1932 Bolivina subreticulata Parr (a), p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 21.

1942 Bolivina subreticulata Parr—Cushman, pp. 31, 32, pl. 9, fig. 2.

1944 Bolivina subreticulata Parr—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 29, pl. 8, figs. 21, 22.

1964 Bolivina subreticulata Parr—LeRoy, p. F31, pl. 2, fig. 16.

1966 Brizalina subreticulata (Parr)—Belford, pp. 29, 30, pl. 1, figs. 17, 18, text-figs. 3-1—3-3.

1988 Brizalina subreticulata (Parr)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 147, pl. 20, fig. 5.

1988 Bolivina subreticulata Parr—Marle, p. 139, pl. 5, fig. 4.

1989 Bolivina subreticulata Parr—Ōki, p. 111, pl. 10, fig. 4; Inoue, pl. 20, fig. 11.

1992 Brizalina subreticulata (Parr)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 171, pl. 25, fig. 4.

1994 Brizalina subreticulata (Parr)—Jones, p. 59, pl. 53, figs. 30, 31.

1994 Latibolivina subreticulata (Parr)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 112, pl. 217, figs. 1—11.

Remarks. We assign this species to the genus Latibolivina mainly on the basis of its well-developed rib ornament, whereas Revets (1996a) regarded Latibolivina as a junior synonym of Bolivina, and Jones (1994) as Brizalina.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Superfamily BOLIVINITOIDEA Cushman, 1927a
Family BOLIVINITIDAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus ABDITODENTRIX Patterson, 1985
Abditodentrix pseudothalmanii (Boltovskoy and Guissani de Kahn)
Figures 23.3, 23.4

1981 Bolivinita pseudothalmanni Boltovskoy and Guissani de Kahn, pp. 44—46, pl. 1, figs. 1—5.

1985 Abditodentrix asketocomptella Patterson, p. 140, pl. 1, figs. 1—9.

1987 Abditodentrix pseudothalmanni (Boltovskoy and Guissani de Kahn)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 554, figs. 1—5.

1988 Bolivinita suturornata Zheng, in Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 149, pl. 21, figs. 1, 2.

1990 Abditodentrix pseudothalmanni (Boltovskoy and Guissani de Kahn)—Ujiié, p. 29, 30, pl. 12, fig. 2.

1994 Abditodentrix pseudothalmanni (Boltovskoy and Guissani de Kahn)—Xu and Ujiié, p. 516, figs. 6-6—6-8; Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 113, 114, pl. 218, figs. 1, 2.

1995 Abditodentrix pseudothalmanni (Boltovskoy and Guissani de Kahn)—Ujiié, p. 60, pl. 4, fig. 7.

2001 Abditodentrix pseudothalmanni (Boltovskoy and Guissani de Kahn)—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, p. 583, figs. 14-J, 14-K.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama Formation, a single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Genus BOLIVINITA Cushman, 1927a
Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)
Figures 23.5, 23.6

1866 Textilaria quadrilatera Schwager, p. 253, pl. 7, fig. 10.

1899 Textularia quadrilatera Schwager—Millett (part VI), p. 559, pl. 7, fig. 3.

1911 Textularia quadrilatera Schwager—Cushman, pp. 24—26, figs. 42—44.

1941 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 31, pl. 1, figs. 99—101; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 79, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4.

1942 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—Cushman, pp. 2, 3, pl. 1, figs. 1—4.

1944 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—LeRoy (Part 2), pp. 83, 84, pl. 2, figs. 13, 14.

1958 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—Asano, pp. 27, 28, pl. 4, fig. 18.

1964 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—LeRoy, p. F29, pl. 2, figs. 37, 38.

1966 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—Belford, p. 18, pl. 4, figs. 4—7, text-fig. 1-4.

1977 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—McCulloch, p. 254, pl. 105, fig. 27.

1989 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—Inoue, pp. 149, 150, pl. 28, fig. 8.

1990 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—Akimoto, p. 193, pl. 16, fig. 3.

1994 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—Jones, p. 47, pl. 42, figs. 8—12; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 114, pl. 219, figs. 7—12; Akimoto, p. 283, pl. 2, fig. 8.

1996 Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager)—Revets (a), p. 6, pl. 1, figs. 1—4.

Occurrence. Common to abundant in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Superfamily CASSIDULINOIDEA d’Orbigny, 1839a
Family CASSIDULINIDAE d’Orbigny, 1839a
Subfamily CASSIDULININAE d’Orbigny, 1839a
Genus CASSIDULINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Cassidulina carinata Silverstri
Figures 23.7, 23.8

1896 Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny var. carinata Silvestri, p. 104, pl. 2, fig. 10.

1966 Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny—Belford, pp. 138—140, pl. 24, figs. 1—4, text-figs. 16-1, 16-2. (non Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny, 1826).

1983 Cassidulina carinata Silvestri—Nomura (a), pl. 3, fig. 5, pl. 4, fig. 5, pl. 23, figs. 6—9; Nomura (b), pp. 51—53, pl. 4, figs. 9—11.

1988 Cassidulina carinata Silvestri—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 173, pl. 29, fig. 19; Marle, p. 141, pl. 2, figs. 4, 5.

1990 Cassidulina carinata Silvestri—Akimoto, p. 194, pl. 17, fig. 3.

1992 Cassidulina carinata Silvestri—Kaiho, pl. 3, fig. 4.

1994 Cassidulina laevigata carinata Silvestri—Jones, p. 60, pl. 54, figs. 2, 3.

1994 Cassidulina carinata Silvestri—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 114, pl. 220, figs. 7—12.

2000 Cassidulina carinata Silvestri—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, pl. 2, fig. 1.

2001 Cassidulina carinata Silvestri—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, fig. 14-FF.

Remarks. Nomura (1983a, b) studied the taxonomy of Cassidulinidae in detail; we basically followed his views here.

Occurrence. Common in all the formations of the present study.

Cassidulina cf. laevigata d'Orbigny
Figure 23.9

Compared with:

1987 Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 555, figs. 1—5.

Remarks. The single specimen is broken in the apertural part and critical identification is difficult.

Occurrence. Minebari Formation.

Cassidulina reniforme Nørvang
Figures 23.10, 23.11

1945 Cassidulina crassa d’Orbigny var. reniforme Nørvang, p. 41, text-figs. 6e—6h.

1945 Cassidulina islandica Nørvang, forma minuta Nørvang, p. 43, text-fig. 8.

1952 Cassidulina islandica Norvang var. norvangi Thalmann in Phleger, p. 83, footnote 1.

1983 Cassidulina norvangi Thalmann—Nomura (a), pl. 23, figs. 10—12, pl. 24, figs. 1—3; Nomura (b), pl. 4, figs. 12, 13.

1989 Islandiella norvangi (Thalmann)—Inoue, pl. 23, fig. 10, fig. 14, pl. 33, fig. 10.

1990 Cassidulina norvangi Thalmann—Ujiié, p. 38, pl. 18, figs. 4, 5.

1995 Cassidulina norvangi Thalmann—Ujiié, pp. 60, 61, pl. 4, fig. 10.

1999 Cassidulina reniforme Nørvang—Nomura, p. 43, figs. 18-18, 18-19, 30-3.

2000 Cassidulina norvangi Thalmann—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 139, pl. 2, fig. 6.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Genus EVOLVOCASSIDULINA Eade, 1967
Evolvocassidulina belfordi Nomura
Figures 23.12, 23.13

1964 Cassidulinoides braziliensis (Cushman)—LeRoy, p. F41, pl. 12, figs. 3, 4 (non Cassidulina braziliensis Cushman, 1922b).

1983 Evolvocassidulina belfordi Nomura (a), pp. 79—82, pl. 2, fig. 6, pl. 20, figs. 8—10, 12.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Evolvocassidulina bradyi (Norman)
Figure 23.14

1880 Cassidulina bradyi Norman in Wright, p. 152.

1966 Cassidulinoides bradyi (Norman)—Belford, pp. 53, 54, pl. 26, figs. 22—27, text-figs. 17-17, 17-18.

1983 Evolvocassidulina bradyi (Norman)—Nomura (b), p. 48, pl. 4, fig. 3.

1990 Evolvocassidulina bradyi (Norman)—Ujiié, p. 38, pl. 18, fig. 8.

1994 Cassidulinoides bradyi (Norman)—Jones, p. 60, pl. 54, figs. 6—9.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Evolvocassidulina brevis (Aoki)
Figures 23.15, 23.16

1968 “Cassidulina” brevis Aoki, p. 261, pl. 27, fig. 4.

1983 Evolvocassidulina brevis (Aoki)—Nomura (a), pl. 20, fig. 11, pl. 21, figs. 1—5; Nomura (b), pp. 49, 50, pl. 4—7.

1988 Cassidulinoides bradyi (Norman)—Marle, p. 141, pl. 5, fig. 20 (non Cassidulina bradyi Norman in Wright, 1880).

1990 Evolvocassidulina brevis (Aoki)—Akimoto, pp. 197, 198, pl. 17, fig. 5.

1994 Evolvocassidulina brevis (Aoki)—Xu and Ujiié, p. 518, figs. 9-1, 9-2; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 114, pl. 221, figs. 7—11.

1995 Evolvocassidulina brevis (Aoki)—Ujiié, p. 61, pl. 5, fig. 3.

2000 Evolvocassidulina brevis (Aoki) —— Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 144, pl. 2, fig. 7.

Occurrence. Common in the Minebari Formation.

Genus GLOBOCASSIDULINA Voloshinova, 1960
Globocassidulina bisecta Nomura
Figures 23.17, 23.18

1983 Globocassidulina bisecta Nomura (a), pp. 73—76, pl. 2, figs. 2, 3, pl. 14, figs. 8—12, pl. 15, figs. 1—5.

1988 Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 173, pl. 30, figs. 1, 2.

1994 Globocassidulina bisecta Nomura—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 115, pl. 222, figs. 7—13; Xu and Ujiié, p. 518, figs. 8, 9.

1995 Globocassidulina bisecta Nomura—Ujiié, p. 61, pl. 5, fig. 4.

2001 Globocassidulina bisecta Nomura—Kawagata, p. 88, figs. 8—10.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Globocassidulina crassa (d'Orbigny)
Figures 23.19, 23.20

1839 Cassidulina crassa d’Orbigny (c), p. 56, pl. 7, figs. 18—20.

1966 Globocassidulina crassa (d’Orbigny)—Belford, pp. 151, 152, pl. 26, figs. 5—9, text-figs. 17-9, 17-10.

1983 Globocassidulina crassa (d’Orbigny)—Nomura (a), pl. 18, figs. 3—5; Nomura (b), pp. 37—40, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10, pl. 6, fig. 17.

1994 Cassidulina crassa d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 60, pl. 54, fig. 4.

2001 Globocassidulina crassa (d’Orbigny)—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, figs. 14-MM, 14-NN.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Globocassidulina decorata (Sidebottom)
Figures 23.21, 23.22

1910 Cassidulina decorata Sidebottom, p. 107, pl. 4, fig. 2.

1983 Globocassidulina decorata (Sidebottom)—Nomura (a), pl. 17, fig. 8; Nomura (b), pp. 27, 28, pl. 2, figs. 14—16.

1994 Globocassidulina decorata (Sidebottom)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 115, pl. 222, figs. 14—19.

1995 Globocassidulina decorata (Sidebottom)—Hasegawa and Nomura, pp. 98, 100, fig. 4-3.

Remarks. This species is distinguished from congeners in its reticulate ornament on the test surface, but this is occasionally difficult to discern in abraded or partially dissolved specimens.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama Formation.

Globocassidulina okinawaensis (LeRoy)
Figures 24.1, 24.2

1964 Cassidulina okinawaensis LeRoy, p. F40, pl. 11, figs. 21, 22.

1983 Globocassidulina okinawaensis (LeRoy)—Nomura (a), pl. 18, fig. 2; Nomura (b), pp. 29, 30, pl. 2, fig. 20.

Occurrence. Rare in the Minebari Formation, sporadic in the Yonahama Formation.

Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)
Figures 24.3, 24.4

1881 Cassidulina subglobosa Brady, p. 60.

1884 Cassidulina subglobosa Brady—Brady, p. 430, pl. 54, fig. 17.

1911 Cassidulina subglobosa Brady—Cushman, pp. 98, 99, fig. 152.

1965 Cassidulina subglobosa Brady—Todd, p. 45, pl. 16, fig. 7.

1966 Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)—Belford, p. 149, pl. 25, figs. 11—16, text-figs. 17-1—17-6, 18-1—18-4.

1968 Cassidulina subglobosa Brady—Huang, p. 56, pl. 13, figs. 15, 27.

1983 Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)—Nomura (a), pl. 13, figs. 5, 6; Nomura (b), pp. 20—22, pl. 2, figs. 8, 9.

1988 Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)—Marle, p. 143, pl. 5, figs. 22.

1990 Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)—Ujiié, pp. 39, 40, pl. 21, figs. 4—7, pl. 22, fig. 1.

1992 Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)—Kaiho, pl. 3, figs. 11—15; Kaiho and Nishimura, pl. 3, fig. 23.

1994 Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)—Jones, p. 60, pl. 54, fig. 17.

1995 Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)—Ujiié, p. 62, pl. 5, fig. 7.

2000 Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 144, pl. 2, fig. 8.

2001 Globocassidulina subglobosa (Brady)—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, fig. 14-QQ.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Genus LERNELLA Saidova, 1975
Lernella inflata (LeRoy)
Figure 24.5

1944 Cassidulina inflata LeRoy, p. 37, pl. 4, figs. 30, 31.

1983 Lernella inflata (LeRoy)—Nomura (a), pp. 86—88, pl. 2, fig. 9, pl. 24, figs. 4, 5.

1987 Lernella inflata (LeRoy)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 559, fig. 10.

1989 Lernella inflata (LeRoy)—Ōki, pl. 19, fig. 2.

1994 Lernella inflata (LeRoy)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 116, pl. 226, figs. 1—12.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Genus PARACASSIDULINA Nomura, 1983a
Paracassidulina sagamiensis (Asano and Nakamura)
Figure 24.6

1937 Cassidulina sagamiensis Asano and Nakamura, p. 147, pl. 14, fig. 14.

1983 Paracassidulina sagamiensis (Asano and Nakamura)—Nomura (a), pl. 5, fig. 6, pl. 24, figs. 10—12, pl. 25, figs. 1, 2; Nomura (b), pp. 67—69, pl. 6, figs. 1—3.

1995 Paracassidulina sagamiensis (Asano and Nakamura)—Hasegawa and Nomura, p. 98, fig. 3-5.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Subfamily EHRENGERGININAE Cushman 1927a
Genus BURSEOLINA Seguenza, 1880
Burseolina pacifica (Cushman)
Figures 24.7, 24.8

1925 Cassidulina pacifica Cushman, p. 53, pl. 9, figs. 14—16.

1941 Cassidulina pacifica Cushman—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 47, pl. 1, figs. 43—45.

1964 Cassidulina pacifica Cushman—LeRoy, p. F40, 41, pl. 11, figs. 19, 20.

1983 Burseolina pacifica (Cushman)—Nomura (a), pl. 6, fig. 2, pl. 21, figs. 6—10; Nomura (b), pp. 57—60, pl. 5, figs. 1—4.

1990 Burseolina pacifica (Cushman)—Ujiié, p. 40, pl. 22, fig. 2.

1994 Globocassidulina pacifica (Cushman)—Jones, p. 111, pl. 113, fig. 8.

1995 Burseolina pacifica (Cushman)—Hasegawa and Nomura, p. 102, fig. 4-5.

Occurrence. Common in the Minebari Formation.

Genus EHRENBERGINA Reuss, 1850
Ehrenbergina carinata Eade
Figures 24.9, 24.10

1967 Ehrenbergina carinata Eade, p. 448, 450, fig. 8.

1983 Ehrenbergina carinata Eade—Nomura (a), pl. 22, figs. 10—12, pl. 23, figs. 1—4; Nomura (b), pp. 60, 61, pl. 5, figs. 5, 6.

1990 Ehrenbergina carinata Eade—Ujiié, p. 40, pl. 20, figs. 2, 3.

1994 Ehrenbergina carinata Eade—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 117, pl. 228, figs. 1—10.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation.

Ehrenbergina trigona Goës
Figures 24.11, 24.12

1896 Ehrenbergina serrata Reuss var. trigona Goës, p. 49.

1965 Ehrenbergina trigona (Goës)—Todd, p. 48, pl. 20, fig. 2.

1989 Ehrenbergina trigona (Goës)—Hermelin, p. 73, pl. 13, fig. 13.

1994 Ehrenbergina trigona (Goes)—Jones, p. 61, pl. 55, figs. 2—3, 5.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Superfamily TURRILINOIDEA Cushman, 1927a
Family STAINFORTHIIDAE Reiss, 1963
Genus STAINFORTHIA Hofker, 1956a
Stainforthia ishikiensis (Asano)
Figures 24.13, 24.14

1949 Virgulina ishikiensis Asano, p. 428, text-fig. 1.

Remarks. This species was originally described from the Miocene of Fukushima, northern Japan. Scott et al. (2000) suggested it was close to Fursenkoina fusiformis [= Bulimina pupoides d'Orbigny var. fusiformis Williamson, 1858, p. 64, pl. 5, figs. 129, 130] as well as to Virgulina akitaensis Iwasa (1955, p. 17, text-fig. 2); but both species are distinguished from F. fusiformis in their more slender shape .

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Stainforthia tenuata (Cushman)
Figures 25.1, 25.2

1927 Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman var. tenuata Cushman (b), p. 149, pl. 2, fig. 9.

1958 Bulimina exilis tenuata (Cushman)—Asano, p. 4, pl. 3, figs. 11, 12.

1989 Stainforthia exilis tenuata (Cushman)—Inoue, pp. 151, 152, pl. 32, fig. 3, pl. 33, fig. 7.

1990 Stainforthia exilis tenuata (Cushman)—Ujiié, p. 30, pl. 12, fig. 7.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations.

Superfamily BULIMINOIDEA Jones in Griffith and Henfrey, 1875
Family SIPHOGENERINOIDIDAE Saidova, 1981
Subfamily SIPHOGENERINOIDINAE Saidova, 1981
Genus EULOXOSTOMUM McCulloch, 1977
Euloxostomum bradyi (Asano)
Figures 25.3, 25.4

1938 Bolivina bradyi Asano (c), p. 603, pl. 16, fig. 2.

1958 Loxostomum bradyi (Asano)—Asano, p. 25, pl. 5, fig. 7.

1987 Euloxostomum bradyi (Asano)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 566, figs. 19—23.

1994 Euloxostomum bradyi (Asano)—Jones, p. 58, pl. 53, fig. 1.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Euloxostomum pseudobeyrichi (Cushman)
Figures 25.5, 25.6

1911 Bolivina beyrichi Reuss, var. alata (Seguenza)—Cushman, p. 35, fig. 57 (non Vulvulina alata Seguenza, 1862).

1926 Bolivina pseudobeyrichi Cushman (a), p. 45.

1953 Bolivina pseudobeyrichi Cushman—Drooger, p. 131, pl. 21, figs. 9, 10.

1958 Bolivina cf. barbata Phleger and Parker—Asano, p. 18, pl. 4, fig. 17.

1959 Bolivina pseudobeyrichi Cushman—Blow, p. 147, pl. 6, fig. 22.

1964 Bolivina alata (Seguenza)—LeRoy, p. F31, pl. 2, fig. 12.

1966 Brizarina pseudobeyrichi (Cushman)—Belford, pp. 28, 29, pl. 1, figs. 13—16, text-figs. 2-4—2-6.

1988 Brizalina alata (Seguenza)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 148, pl. 20, fig. 18.

1988 Brizalina pseudobeyrichi (Cushman)—Marle, p. 139, pl. 5, figs. 5, 6.

1989 Bolivina alata (Seguenza)—Inoue, pl. 33, fig. 5.

1994 Brizalina alata (Seguenza)—Jones, p. 58, pl. 53, figs. 2—4.

1994 Euloxostomum pseudobeyrichi (Cushman)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 118, pl. 231, figs. 9—23.

Remarks. The relationship between B. alata and B. pseudobeyrichi was discussed by Drooger (1953), Blow (1959), Belford (1966), and others, and we conclude they are distinct species. This species also resembles Bolivina barbata Phleger and Parker (1951), but is differentiated by its fewer chambers and less rapid growth rate as pointed out by Asano (1958).

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Genus HOPKINSINELLA Bermúdez and Fuenmayor, 1966
Hopkinsinella glabra (Millett)
Figures 25.7, 25.8

1903 Uvigerina auberiana d’Orbigny var. glabra Millett (part XIV), p. 268, pl. 5, figs. 8, 9.

1933 Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman (b), p. 86, pl. 8, fig. 16.

1942 Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman—Cushman, p. 51, pl. 15, fig. 1.

1977 Hopkinsina cf. pacifica Cushman—McCulloch, p. 263, pl. 102, figs. 21, 22.

1988 Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 155, pl. 30, fig. 3.

1989 Hopkinsina glabra (Millett)—Ōki, p. 120, pl. 12, fig. 6.

1992 Hopkinsina glabra (Millett)—Ōki and Yamamoto, p. 197, fig. 5-3.

1993 Hopkinsinella glabra (Millett)—Haig, pl. 1, figs. 15—17.

1994 Hopkinsinella glabra (Millett)—Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 118, 119, pl. 232, figs. 1—11.

1996 Hopkinsinella glabra (Millett)—Revets (a), p. 14, pl. 10, figs. 5—8.

2002 Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 15, pl. 43, fig. 1.

Remarks.Hopkinsinella pacifica is regarded as a junior synonym of the present species.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus RECTOBOLIVINA Cushman, 1927a
Rectobolivina asanoi Murata
Figures 25.9, 25.10

1951 Rectobolivina asanoi Murata, p. 96, pl. 1, text-fig. 2.

1952 Rectobolivina asanoi Murata—Asano (supplement 1), p. 13, figs. 70, 71.

2001 Rectobolivina asanoi Murata—Kawagata, pp. 88, 89, figs. 8—13.

2002 Rectobolivina asanoi Murata—Kawagata and Hatta, p. 223, fig. 4.1, 4.2, 10.1, 10.2, 13.1.

Remarks. This species was originally described from the upper Miocene of Kyushu, southwest Japan. Kawagata and Hatta (2002) thoroughly described the taxonomy of the genus Rectobilivina ; we here follow their views.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Oura Formation, common in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Rectobolivina bifrons (Brady)
Figures 25.11, 25.12

1881 Sagrina bifrons Brady, p. 64.

1913 Siphogenerina bifrons (Brady)—Cushman, pp. 105, 106, pl. 45, figs. 1, 2, 5—7.

1958 Rectobolivina bifrons (Brady)—Asano, pp. 28, 29, pl. 5, figs. 10, 11.

1964 Rectobolivina bifrons (Brady)—LeRoy, p. F34, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2.

1966 Rectobolivina bifrons (Brady)—Belford, pp. 45, 46, pl. 9, figs. 13, 14.

1989 Rectobolivina bifrons (Brady)—Inoue, pl. 28, fig. 6.

1994 Rectobolivina bifrons (Brady)—Jones, p. 87, pl. 75, figs. 18—20; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 120, pl. 234, figs. 13, 14.

2002 Rectobolivina bifrons (Brady)—Kawagata and Hatta, pp. 223, 226, figs. 4.3, 4.4, 8.2—8.5, 13.2—13.4.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations, common in the Minebari Formation.

Rectobolivina sp. A
Figures 25.13, 25.14

1961 ? Siphogenerina aff. dimorpha (Parker and Jones) var. pacifica Cushman—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 37, pl. 3, figs. 97, 98.

Description. Test small and short for the genus, approximately 0.4 mm in length, 0.2 mm in breadth, 0.1 mm in thickness; triangular in front view, oval in transverse section; chambers not inflated, increasing slowly as added; surface wall coarsely pitted with pores; sutures slightly depressed, weakly limbate; aperture oval with marginal rim at the top of test.

Remarks. This species resembles Siphogenerina aff. dimorpha var. pacifica Cushman as illustrated by LeRoy (1961), in having a compressed test with coarsely pored wall. Siphogenerina dimorpha var. pacifica Cushman (1926) has a cylindrical test with a near-circular cross section.

Occurrence. Common in the lower part of the Yonahama Formation.

Genus SAGRINELLA Saidova, 1975
Sagrinella convallaria (Millett)
Figure 25.15

1900 Bolivina convallaria Millett (part IX), p. 544, pl. 4, fig. 6.

1942 Loxostoma convallarium (Millett)—Cushman, p. 37, pl. 10, fig. 6.

1959 Loxostomum convallarium (Millett)—Graham and Militante, p. 83, pl. 12, fig. 27.

1964 Bitubulogenerina convallaria (Millett)—LeRoy, p. F34, pl. 2, fig. 28.

1993 “Sagrina” gr. convallarium (Millett)—Haig, pl. 2, figs. 15—17.

1994 Sagrinella convallaria (Millett)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 120, pl. 236, figs. 1—8.

2002 Sagrinella convallaria (Millett)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 15, pl. 40, fig. 3.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Onogoshi Formation.

Sagrinella durrandii (Millett)
Figures 25.16, 25.17

1900 Bolivina durrandii Millett (part IX), p. 544, pl. 4, fig. 7.

1989 Bolivina durrandii Millett—Ōki, p. 107, pl. 8, fig. 14.

1992 Loxostoma durrandii (Millett)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 174, pl. 26, fig. 10.

1992 Bolivina durrandii Millett—Ōki and Yamamoto, p. 195, fig. 4-7.

1994 Sagrinella scutata Saidova—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 121, pl. 236, figs. 9, 10.

Non 1994 Sagrinella durrandii Saidova—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 120, pl. 236, figs. 11—13.

Remarks.Sagrinella durrandii of Loeblich and Tappan (1994) has a compressed test and differs from the present species.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Sagrinella jugosa (Brady)
Figures 25.18, 25.19

1884 Textularia jugosa Brady, p. 358, pl. 42, fig. 7.

1899 Textularia inconspicua var. jugosa Brady—Millett (part VI), p. 558, pl. 7, fig. 2.

1964 Patellinella jugosa (Brady)—LeRoy, pp. F35, F36, pl. 2, figs. 33, 34.

1988 Patellinella jugosa (Brady)—Marle, p. 148, pl. 4, figs. 14, 15.

1993 Sagrinella jugosa (Brady)—Haig, pl. 2, figs. 21—23.

1994 Sagrinella jugosa (Brady)—Jones, p. 47, pl. 42, fig. 7.

1994 Sagrina jugosa (Brady) —Loeblich and Tappan, p. 122, pl. 237, figs. 12—17.

1996 Sagrinella jugosa (Brady)—Revets (a), p. 11, pl. 6, figs. 5—8.

Remarks.Geminaricta pacifica Asano (1938c, p. 608, pl. 16, fig. 16; 1958, p. 27, pl. 5, figs. 16, 17) and Suggrunda yahikoensis Matsunaga (1963, p. 111, pl. 41, figs. 10, 11) resemble this species, but these two have a less developed ridge on sutures than does S. jugosa.

Occurrence. Nine specimens from a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Genus SAIDOVINA Haman, 1984
Saidovina formosana (Nakamura)
Figures 25.20, 25.21

1937 Bolivina formosana Nakamura, p. 140, pl. 12, fig. 2.

Occurrence. Two specimens from the Oura Formation.

Saidovina karreriana (Brady)
Figures 25.22, 25.23

1881 Bolivina karreriana Brady, p. 28.

1911 Bolivina karreriana Brady—Cushman, p. 40, fig. 66.

1921 Bolivina karreriana Brady—Cushman, p. 131, pl. 26, fig. 4.

1938 Loxostoma karrerianum Brady—Asano (c), p. 605, pl. 16, fig. 6.

1958 Loxostomum karrerianum (Brady)—Asano, pp. 25, 26, pl. 5, figs. 8, 9.

1964 Loxostomum karrerianum (Brady)—LeRoy, p. F33, pl. 2, figs. 26, 27.

1966 Brizalina karreriana (Brady)—Belford, p. 39, pl. 2, figs. 23—25.

1987 Saidovina karreriana (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 568, figs. 7—10.

1989 Loxostomum karrerianum (Brady)—Inoue, pl. 31, fig. 10 (non pl. 28, fig. 3).

1990 Brizalina karreriana (Brady)—Akimoto, pl. 16, fig. 2.

1994 Saidovina karreriana (Brady)—Jones, p. 59, pl. 53, figs. 19—21.

1994 Saidovina karreriana (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 121, pl. 236, figs. 16—20.

1994 Brizalina karreriana (Brady)—Akimoto, p. 283, pl. 2, fig. 5.

1996 Saidovina karreriana (Brady)—Revets (a), p. 11, pl. 7, figs. 1—4.

1998 Loxostomum karreriana (Brady)—Hess, pl. 10, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Common in the Minebari Formation.

Subfamily TUBULOGENERININAE Saidova, 1981
Genus RECTUVIGERINA Mathews, 1945
Rectuvigerina striata (Schwager)
Figures 25.24, 25.25

1866 Dimorpha striata Schwager, p. 251, pl. 7, fig. 99.

1941 Siphogenerina striata (Schwager)—LeRoy, p. 37, pl. 3, figs. 88, 89.

1964 Rectuvigerina striata (Schwager)—LeRoy, p. F34, pl. 3, fig. 8.

1966 Rectuvigerina striata (Schwager)—Belford, p. 84, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2.

1968 Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis—Huang, p. 59, pl. 13, fig. 13 (non Siphogenerina multicostata Cushman and Jarvis, 1929).

2002 Rectuvigerina striata (Schwager)—Hayward, pp. 300, 301, pl. 2, figs. 12, 13.

Remarks.Siphogenerina multicostata has more highly raised costae than R. striata and is a distinct species .

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama Formation.

Genus ALLASSOIDA Loeblich and Tappan, 1994
Allassoida tonohamaensis (Takayanagi)
Figure 25.26

1953 Bifarina tonohamaensis Takayanagi, p. 32, pl. 4, fig. 8.

Remarks. This species has a longer biserial stage and a more compact uniserial stage than Sagrina virgula Brady. Genus Bifarina originally assigned to this species is a Cretaceous/Paleogene plankktonic taxon. Widely opened round aperture with conspicuous rip characterizes Allassoida.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Family BULIMINIDAE Jones in Griffith and Henfrey, 1875
Genus BULIMINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Bulimina aculeata d'Orbigny
Figures 26.1, 26.2

1826 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny, p. 269.

1911 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny—Cushman, pp. 86, 87, fig. 139.

1958 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny—Asano, pp. 2, 3, pl. 1, figs. 1—3.

1964 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny—LeRoy, p. F30, pl. 11, fig. 7.

1966 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny—Belford, pp. 58, 59, pl. 5, figs. 1—3, text-figs. 5-1—5-3, 7-1.

1988 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 151, pl. 21, fig. 5; Marle, p. 139, pl. 5, fig. 17.

1989 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny—Inoue, pp. 150, 151, pl. 22, fig. 5, pl. 28, fig. 2, pl. 32, fig. 2.

1990 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny—Akimoto, p. 193, pl. 16, fig. 5, pl. 22, fig. 9; Ujiié, p. 30, pl. 12, figs. 5, 6.

1994 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny—Xu and Ujiié, p. 516, fig. 6-9; Jones, p. 56, pl. 51, figs. 7, 8 (non fig. 9); Akimoto, p. 283, pl. 2, fig. 9.

1994 Bulimina acaenapeza Loeblich and Tappan, p. 123, pl. 243, figs. 1—6.

1998 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny—Hess, p. 76, pl. 10, fig. 9.

2000 Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 139, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Remarks. This form is occasionally confused with Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny that has short spines on the acute peripheral margins, whereas B. aculeata has a lower spiral with thick and long spines in its bluntly rounded periphery. Loeblich and Tappan (1994) described B. acaenapeza as a new species, listing B. aculeata of Akimoto (1990) and Ujiié (1990) as synonyms. Despite this, we think B. acaenapeza is identical to B. aculeata.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama Formation, rare in the Minebari Formation.

Bulimina gutta Chapman and Parr
Figures 26.5, 26.6

1937 Bulimina buchiana d’Orbigny, var. gutta Chapman and Parr, p. 86, pl. 8, fig. 14.

1947 Bulimina buchiana d’Orbigny, var. gutta Chapman and Parr—Cushman and Parker, p. 127, pl. 29, fig. 16.

1966 Laterostomella voluta Belford, pp. 44, 45, pl. 3, figs. 14—16.

1977 Bulimina cf. buchiana gutta Chapman and Parr—McDougall, pp. 244, 245, pl. 104, figs. 10, 11.

1989 Laterostomella striata Klasz and Rérat—Klasz, Kroon, and Hinte, pp. 215—226.

Remarks. This species is characterized by an elongate and slender test with raised striae that persist to the penultimate chamber. Chamber arrangement of the earlier stage is difficult to observe due to the raised striae; later chambers are strongly twisted which suggests a triserial early stage. The genus Laterostomella sensu Klasz et al. (1989) is biserial; species belonging to the genus show a clearly different form from the present species.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama Formation.

Bulimina inflata Sequenza
Figures 26.7, 26.8

1862 Bulimina inflata Seguenza, p. 25, pl. 1, fig. 10.

1941 Bulimina inflata Seguenza—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 32, pl. 2, figs. 71, 72; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 79, pl. 1, fig. 5.

1944 Bulimina inflata Seguenza—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 85, pl. 7, fig. 21.

1964 Bulimina inflata Seguenza—LeRoy, p. F30, pl. 11, fig. 6.

1966 Bulimina striata d’Orbigny—Belford, pp. 59, 61, pl. 5, figs. 6—8, text-figs. 5-7, 5-8, 7-11.

Remarks. This species resembles B. striata, but can be differentiated by its robust and inflated chambers and raised costae covering almost all surface of chambers close to the shoulder of the ultimate chamber.

Occurrence. Abundant in only a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Bulimina aff. kochiensis Takayanagi
Figures 26.3, 26.4

Compared with:

1953 Bulimina kochiensis Takayanagi, p. 31, pl. 4, fig. 12.

1966 Bulimina ampliapertula Belford, p. 65, pl. 5, figs. 18—21, text-figs. 5-10.

1975 Bulimina sp.— Kameyama, pl.-fig. 5.

1989 Bulimina kochiensis Takayanagi—Ōki, p. 114, pl. 11, fig. 2 (non Takayanagi, 1953).

1994 Bulimina ampliapertula Belford—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 124, pl. 243, figs. 11, 12; Akimoto, p. 283, pl. 2, fig. 10.

Description. Test elongate and slender, three times longer than wide; chambers inflated, increasing slowly as added; suture depressed; lower part of test ornamented with thin striae which form acute angles at periphery; test wall radiate, finely perforated; aperture narrow, slit-like, semi-vertical on apertural face; tooth plate developed.

Remarks. This species resembles the above-listed taxa, yet is distinguished from them by its narrow apertural opening. In our view, Bulimina kochiensis is a senior synonym of B. ampliapertura .

Occurrence. Rare in the Minebari Formation.

Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny
Figures 26.9, 26.10

1826 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny, p. 269, pl. 12, figs. 10—12.

1911 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Cushman, pp. 83, 84, fig. 136.

1958 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Asano, pp. 4—6, pl. 1, figs. 5, 9—11.

1964 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—LeRoy, p. F30, pl. 11, fig. 2.

1968 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Huang, p. 56, pl. 13, fig. 33.

1987 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 571, figs. 1—3.

1988 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 149, 150, pl. 34, figs. 11—15; Marle, p. 141, pl. 2, fig. 8.

1989 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Ōki, pp. 114, 115, 171, pl. 11, fig. 3; Inoue, p. 151, pl. 20, fig. 12, pl. 23, fig. 2, pl. 28, fig. 4.

1990 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Akimoto, p. 194, pl. 16, fig. 6.

1992 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Ōki and Yamamoto, pp. 196, 197, fig. 4-13; Akimoto, p. 283, pl. 2, fig. 12.

1994 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 55, pl. 51, figs. 3—5; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 124, pl. 242, figs. 1—4.

1998 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Hess, p. 76, pl. 10, fig. 7.

2000 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Kim and Kucera, fig. 4.5.

2002 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 16, pl. 44, figs. 6, 7.

2006 Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny—Takata, Irizuki, and Ishida, pl. 1, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Common in all the formations of the present study.

Bulimina striata d'Orbigny
Figures 26.11, 26.12

1826 Bulimina striata d’Orbigny, p. 269.

1944 Bulimina striata d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 26, pl. 1, fig. 5.

1958 Bulimina striata d’Orbigny—Asano, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 4, 7, 8.

1988 Bulimina striata d’Orbigny—Marle, p. 141, pl. 2, fig. 10.

1989 Bulimina striata d’Orbigny—Inoue, p. 151, pl. 22, fig. 6, pl. 28, fig. 1, pl. 32, fig. 1.

1990 Bulimina striata d’Orbigny—Akimoto, p. 194, pl. 16, fig. 8, pl. 22, fig. 11; Ujiié, p. 31, figs. 9, 10.

1994 Bulimina striata d’Orbigny—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 125, pl. 242, figs. 8—14; Akimoto, p. 283, pl. 2, fig. 13.

1995 Bulimina striata d’Orbigny—Ujiié, p. 62, pl. 6, fig. 4.

2000 Bulimina striata d’Orbigny—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 139, pl. 2, fig. 3.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Bulimina subornata Brady
Figures 26.13, 26.14

1884 Bulimina subornata Brady, p. 402, pl. 51, fig. 6.

1900 Bulimina subornata Brady—Millett (part VIII), p. 276, pl. 2, fig. 3.

1911 Bulimina subornata Brady—Cushman, pp. 88, 89, fig. 141.

1958 Bulimina subornata Brady—Asano, p. 9, pl. 3, fig. 10.

1966 Bulimina subornata Brady—Belford, pp. 64, 65, pl. 5, figs. 15—17, text-figs. 5-11, 7-4, 7-5.

1989 Bulimina subornata Brady—Inoue, pl. 32, fig. 10.

1994 Bulimina subornata Brady—Jones, p. 55, pl. 51, fig. 6.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Bulimina truncata Gümbel
Figures 26.15, 26.16

1868 Bulimina truncana Gümbel, p. 644, pl. 2, fig. 77.

1884 Bulimina rostrata Brady, p. 408, pl. 51, figs. 14, 15.

1927 Bulimina alazanensis Cushman (b), p. 161, pl. 25, fig. 4.

1947 Bulimina truncana Gümbel—Cushman and Parker, p. 89, pl. 21, figs. 7, 8.

1947 Bulimina rostrata Brady—Cushman and Parker, p. 124, pl. 28, fig. 34.

1966 Bulimina alazanensis Cushman—Belford, pp. 62, 63, pl. 5, figs. 9—11, text-figs. 5-6, 7-6.

1977 Bulimina rostratiformis McCulloch, p. 245, pl. 104, fig. 8.

1988 Bulimina rostrata Brady—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 150, 151, pl. 21, figs. 9, 10.

1988 Bulimina alazanensis Cushman—Marle, p. 139, pl. 2, fig. 8.

1989 Bulimina truncana Guembel—Hermelin, p. 64, pl. 12, figs. 1—3.

1990 Bulimina rostrata Brady—Akimoto, p. 194, pl. 16, fig. 7.

1992 Bulimina rostrata Brady—Kaiho, pl. 4, fig. 5.

1994 Bulimina rostrata Brady—Jones, p. 56, pl. 51, figs. 14, 15.

1994 Bulimina rostratiformis McCulloch—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 124, pl. 239, figs. 11—14.

1995 Bulimina truncana Gümbel—Ujiié, pp. 62, 63, pl. 6, fig. 5.

1998 Bulimina alazanensis Cushman—Hess, pl. 10, fig. 10.

2001 Bulimina truncana Gümbel—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, figs. 14-DD, 14-EE.

Remarks.Bulimina truncana and B. alazanensis were originally described from the Eocene; while B. rostrata is a Recent species. These three species are similar in having a compact, conical, truncated general morphology, but they can be subdivided into two morphospecies based on the number of longitudinal costae on the test surface. We generally agree with Ujiié’s (1990, 1995) view of a wide range of variation in development of longitudinal costae; yet B. truncana Gümbel as illustrated by Ujiié (1990, pl. 12, fig. 8) shows numerous costae (about 10 are visible from one side), and this is considered to be out of the range of variation of B. truncana. Bulimina truncana has about five costae visible from one side .

Huang et al. (2007) reported abundant specimens of B. alazanensis from the Pliocene (mainly prior to 2.1 Ma) in the South China Sea, but did not illustrate any specimens. It might be the same species as B. truncana of the present study.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama Formation.

Genus GLOBOBULIMINA Cushman, 1927a
Globobulimina pyrula (d’Orbigny)
Figures 26.17-26.19

1846 Bulimina pyrula d’Orbigny, p. 184, pl. 11, figs. 9, 10.

1911 Bulimina pyrula d’Orbigny—Cushman, p. 78, fig. 126.

1921 Bulimina pyrula d’Orbigny—Cushman, pp. 162, 163, fig. 1.

1921 Bulimina subaffinis Cushman, p. 166, fig. 7.

1947 Bulimina subaffinis Cushman—Cushman and Parker, p. 126, pl. 29, fig. 7.

1964 Bulimina subaffinis Cushman—LeRoy, p. F30, pl. 11, fig. 3.

1985 Bulimina pyrula d’Orbigny—Papp and Schmid, p. 69, pl. 62, figs. 8—10.

Remarks. Species of Globobulimina from Miyakojima Island converge with single species. Papp and Schmid (1985) discussed the taxonomy of Bulimina pupoides and Bulimina ovata, and concluded that they were junior synonyms of B. pyrula. All three species are known in Japan and have been distinguished as such. Thus, we cannot easily conclude that all of them are synonyms, because the discussion by Papp and Schmid (1985) is based solely upon general test shape. The inner structure, such as the tooth plate that has been emphasized in former studies, was not mentioned.

Occurrence. Rare in the Minebari and Yonahama formations.

Family BULIMINELLIDAE Hofker, 1951
Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911
Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny)
Figure 26.20

1839 Bulimina elegantissima d’Orbigny (c), p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 13, 14.

1987 Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 572, figs. 7—11.

1989 Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny)—Ōki, pp. 105, 170, pl. 8, fig. 8.

1994 Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny)—Jones, p. 55, pl. 50, figs. 20—22.

2002 Buliminella elegantissima (d7Orbigny)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 16, pl. 44, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Rare in the Minebari Formation.

Family UVIGERINIDAE Haeckel, 1894
Subfamily UVIGERININAE Haeckel, 1894
Genus EUUVIGERINA Thalmann, 1952
Euuvigerina asperula (Cžjžek)
Figures 26.21, 26.22

1848 Uvigerina asperula Cžjžek, p. 146, pl. 13, figs. 14, 15.

1866 Uvigerina hisipida Schwager, p. 249, pl. 7, fig. 95.

1913 Uvigerina asperula Czjzek—Cushman, p. 101, pl. 43, fig. 1.

1921 Uvigerina asperula Czjzek—Cushman, p. 274, pl. 54, fig. 5.

1941 Uvigerina asperula Czjzek—LeRoy (Part 2), pp. 81, 82, pl. 2, fig. 16.

1964 Uvigerina hispida Schwager—LeRoy, p. F34, pl. 4, figs. 2, 3.

1968 Euuvigerina rustica (Cushman and Edwards)—Huang, pp. 56, 57, pl. 13, fig. 13 (non Uvigerina rustica Cushman and Edwards, 1938).

1990 Uvigerina hispida Schwager—Akimoto, p. 215, pl. 16, fig. 11.

1990 Uvigerina asperula Czjzek—Ujiié, pp. 31, 32, pl. 13, figs. 7, 8.

1995 Uvigerina asperula Czjzek—Ujiié, p. 63, pl. 6, fig. 8.

Remarks. Here we follow Ujiié (1990) in distinguishing species with well-developed hispid tubercles from other hispid species such as Uvigerina auberiana d’Orbigny. The generic distinction between Euuvigerina and Uvigerina is based on the character of the inner structure of the apertural projection. This is occasionally difficult to observe in poorly preserved specimens.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama Formation.

Euuvigerina canariensis (d'Orbigny)
Figures 26.23, 26.24

1839 Uvigerina canariensis d’Orbigny (b), p. 138, pl. 1, figs. 25—27.

1913 Uvigerina canariensis d’Orbigny—Cushman, pp. 92, 93, pl. 42, fig. 6.

1988 Uvigerina canariensis d’Orbigny—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 154, pl. 22, fig. 7, pl. 34, figs. 18—20. 25.

1990 Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager—Ujiié, p. 32, pl. 13, figs. 10, 11 (non Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager, 1866).

1994 Uvigerina canariensis d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 85, pl. 74, figs. 1—3.

1994 Neouvigerina ampullacea (Schwager)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 126, pl. 246, figs. 9—19 (non Uvigerina asperula var. ampullacea Schwager, in Brady, 1884)

1995 Uvigerina canariensis d’Orbigny—Ujiié, p. 63, pl. 6, fig. 7.

2001 Uvigerina canariensis d’Orbigny—Kawagata, pp. 89, 91, fig. 9-3.

Remarks. Cushman (1913) distinguished Uvigerina canariensis from Uvigerina proboscidea mainly on the basis of the absence of long spines on the surface of the former. Such features, however, occasionally disappear in poorly preserved (abraded, etched, or recrystallized) specimens, making it difficult to distinguish these taxa.

Loeblich and Tappan’s (1994) Neouvigerina ampullacea is not the same species as Jones’s (1994) Siphouvigerina ampullacea, but is conspecific with E. canariensis. In the synonymy of Loeblich and Tappan’s (1994) N. ampullacea, they included several U. proboscidea of previous papers, suggesting that many records of U. proboscidea in those papers possibly should be identified as U. canariensis .

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Euuvigerina vadescens (Cushman)
Figures 27.1, 27.2

1933 Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager var. vadescens Cushman (b), p. 85, pl. 8, figs. 14, 15.

1938 Uvigerina pseudoampullacea Asano (d), p. 613, pl. 17, figs. 28, 29.

1942 Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager var. vadescens Cushman—Cushman, pp. 50, 51, pl. 14, figs. 5—9.

1958 Uvigerina pseudoampullacea Asano—Asano, p. 37, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2.

1964 Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager var. vadescens Cushman—LeRoy, p. F35, pl. 3, fig. 38.

1988 Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager—Marle, pl. 3, figs. 11, 12 (non Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager, 1866).

1989 Uvigerina proboscideavadescens Cushman—Inoue, p. 153, pl. 20, fig. 2.

1989 Uvigerina vadescens Cushman—Ōki, pp. 120, 171, 172, pl. 12, fig. 5.

1990 Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager, vadescens Cushman—Ujiié, p. 32, pl. 13, fig. 9.

1994 Uvigerina proboscideavadescens Cushman—Xu and Ujiié, p. 516, figs. 6—10.

1994 Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager—Akimoto, p. 286, pl. 2, fig. 21.

2002 Uvigerina proboscidea vadescens Cushman—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 16, pl. 45, fig. 3.

Remarks. This species exhibits a wide range of variation in test size, length of apertural neck, and growth rate. It is occasionally difficult to distinguish younger specimens with shorter neck and compact chamber arrangement from E. canariensis, yet E. vadescens usually has a slender shape. There appear to be intermediate-transitional forms in the growth of elongate apertural neck and uncoiling mode of chambers between the present species and Siphouvigerina ampullacea (Brady).

Asano’s (1958) data on the bathymetric distribution indicate that this species prefers the lower sublittoral to upper bathyal off southwest Japan where the warm Kuroshio water flows.

Occurrence. Common in the Oura and Onogoshi formations, rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus UVIGERINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Uvigerina flintii Cushman
Figures 27.3-27.5

1923 Uvigerina flintii Cushman, p. 165, pl. 42, fig. 13.

1966 Euuvigerina flintii (Cushman)—Belford, pp. 80, 81, pl. 7, figs. 21—23.

1994 Euuvigerina flintii (Cushman)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 127, pl. 249, figs. 7—9.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with inflated test and fine striae on the surface of chambers.

Remarks. Loeblich and Tappan (1994) assigned this species to the genus Euuvigerina attaching importance not on wall morphology (i.e., fine spines or longitudinal striations) but on the feature of the tooth plate inside the aperture. We rather attach importance to features of the wall surface. This is a tentative treatment, and emendation of the genus is needed.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Uvigerina peregrina Cushman
Figures 27.6, 27.7

1923 Uvigerina peregrina Cushman, pp. 166, 167, pl. 42, figs. 7—10.

1948 Uvigerina peregrina Cushman var. dirupta Todd, in Cushman and McCullch, p. 267, pl. 34, fig. 3.

1964 Uvigerina peregrina Cushman var. dirupta Todd—LeRoy, p. F34, pl. 4, fig. 4.

1966 Euuvigerina peregrina Cushman—Belford, pp. 75—77, pl. 7, figs. 3—7.

1968 Euuvigerina peregrina dirupta Todd—Huang, p. 56, pl. 13, figs. 28, 29.

1987 Uvigerina peregrina Cushman—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 573, figs. 24—27.

1988 Uvigerina peregrina Cushman—Marle, p. 149, pl. 2, figs. 6, 7.

1989 Uvigerina peregrina Cushman—Hermelin, pp. 66, 67, pl. 12, figs. 6, 8.

1990 Uvigerina peregrina Cushman—Ujiié, p. 31, pl. 13, figs. 1—3.

1998 Uvigerina peregrina Cushman—Hess, p. 91, pl. 11, figs. 2, 3.

2000 Uvigerina peregrina Cushman—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 144, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Remarks. We do not discriminate the variety “dirupta ” in the present study . Ujiié (1990) suggested that the growth of longitudinal costae discriminated dirupa from peregrina was an environmental effect.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Uvigerina schencki Asano
Figure 27.8

1950 Uvigerina schencki Asano (part 2), p. 12, text-figs. 74, 75.

1958 Uvigerina schencki Asano—Asano, pp. 37, 38, pl. 6, figs. 17, 18.

1988 Uvigerina schencki Asano—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 154, pl. 22, fig. 8.

1989 Uvigerina schencki Asano—Ōki, pl. 12, fig. 4.

1990 Uvigerina schencki Asano—Akimoto, p. 215, pl. 16, fig. 13.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Uvigerina schwageri Brady
Figure 27.9

1884 Uvigerina schwageri Brady, p. 575, pl. 74, figs. 8—10.

1913 Uvigerina schwageri Brady—Cushman, p. 97, pl. 37, figs. 3, 4.

1921 Uvigerina schwageri Brady—Cushman, pl. 55, figs. 4, 5.

1941 Uvigerina schwageri Brady—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 36, pl. 2, figs. 71, 72; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 82, pl. 1, figs. 12, 21.

1958 Uvigerina schwageri Brady—Asano, p. 38, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2.

1966 Euuvigerina schwageri (Brady)—Belford, pp. 81, 82, pl. 8, figs. 1—5.

1988 Uvigerina schwageri Brady—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 153, 154, pl. 22, fig. 6.

1992 Uvigerina schwageri Brady—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 176, pl. 27, fig. 8.

1994 Uvigerina schwageri Brady—Jones, pp. 85, 86, pl. 74, figs. 8—10.

1994 Euuvigerina schwageri (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 128, figs. 10—20.

1998 Uvigerina schwageri Brady—Hess, p. 92, pl. 11, fig. 1.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Subfamily ANGULOGERININAE Galloway, 1933
Genus ANGULOGERINA Cushman, 1927a
Angulogerina angulosa (Williamson)
Figures 27.10, 27.11

1858 Uvigerina angulosa Williamson, p. 67, pl. 5, fig. 140.

1913 Uvigerina angulosa Williamson—Cushman, p. 98, pl. 44, fig. 4.

1964 Angulogerina japonica Asano—LeRoy, p. F35, pl. 5, fig. 24 (non Angulogerina japonica Asano, 1938d).

1988 Trifarina angulosa (Williamson)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 155, pl. 22, figs. 9, 10.

1988 Angulogerina angulosa (Williamson)—Marle, p. 139, pl. 5, figs. 11, 12.

1989 Trifarina angulosa (Williamson)—Ōki, pp. 121, 122, p. 12, fig. 10.

1994 Trifarina angulosa (Williamson)—Jones, p. 86, pl. 74, figs. 15, 16; Akimoto, p. 286, pl. 2, fig. 15; Xu and Ujiié, p. 516, fig. 6-12.

1994 Angulogerina angulosa (Williamson)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 128, pl. 250, figs. 13—20.

1995 Angulogerina angulosa (Williamson)—Ujiié, pp. 63, 64, pl. 6, fig. 9.

2002 Angulogerina angulosa (Williamson)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 17, pl. 45, fig. 5.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Genus TRIFARINA Cushman, 1923
Trifarina bradyi Cushman
Figures 27.12, 27.13

1923 Trifarina bradyi Cushman, p. 99, pl. 22, figs. 3—9.

1941 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 38, pl. 2, figs. 114, 115; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 82, pl. 2, fig. 24.

1942 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—Cushman, pp. 59, 60, pl. 15, fig. 13.

1958 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—Asano, pp. 40, 41, pl. 7, figs. 7, 8.

1959 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—Graham and Militante, pp. 88, 89, pl. 13, fig. 10.

1964 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—LeRoy, p. F35, pl. 3, figs. 17, 18.

1966 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—Belford, pp. 88, 89, pl. 9, figs. 16, 17.

1987 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 574, figs. 10—13.

1988 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 155, pl. 22, fig. 11; Marle, p. 149, pl. 5, fig. 10.

1990 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—Akimoto, p. 214, pl. 15, fig. 5.

1994 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—Jones, pp. 78, 79, pl. 67, figs. 1—3; Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 128, 129, pl. 251, figs. 6—16.

1998 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—Hess, p. 91, pl. 10, fig. 14.

2002 Trifarina bradyi Cushman—Hayward, p. 301, pl. 3, fig. 3; Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 17, pl. 45, fig. 6.

Occurrence. Sporadic in all the formations of the present study.

Family REUSSELLIDAE Cushman, 1933c
Genus REUSSELLA Galloway, 1933
Reussella pulchra Cushman
Figures 27.14, 27.15

1945 Reussella pulchra Cushman, p. 34, pl. 6, figs. 11, 12.

1994 Reussella pulchra Cushman—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 129, pl. 253, figs. 5—7.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Superfamily FURSENKOINOIDEA Loeblich and Tappan, 1961
Family FURSENKOINIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1961
Genus FURSENKOINA Loeblich and Tappan, 1961
Fursenkoina acuta (d’Orbigny)
Figures 27.16

1846 Polymorphina acuta d’Orbigny, p. 234, pl. 13, figs. 4, 5, pl. 14, figs. 5—7.

1848 Virgulina schreibersiana Cžjžek, p. 147, pl. 13, figs. 18—23.

1911 Virgulina schreibersiana Czjzek—Cushman, p. 94, fig. 148.

1941 Virgulina squammosa d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 33, pl. 2, figs. 24, 25 (non Virgulina squammosa d’Orbigny, 1826).

1942 Virgulina schreibersiana Czjzek—Cushman, pp. 12, 13, pl. 4, fig. 1.

1959 Virgulina schreibersiana Czjzek—Graham and Militante, p. 90, pl. 13, fig. 14.

1964 Virgulina schreibersiana Czjzek—LeRoy, p. F33, pl. 3, fig. 14.

1966 Fursenkoina schreibersiana (Czjzek)—Belford, pp. 136, 137, pl. 9, figs. 18—21.

1985 Fursenkoina acuta (d’Orbigny)—Papp and Schmid, p. 82, pl. 75, figs. 1—6.

1987 Fursenkoina squammosa (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 578, figs. 18—23.

1988 Fursenkoina schreibersiana (Czjzek)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 173, pl. 30, fig. 5.

1989 Fursenkoina schreibersiana (Czjzek)—Ōki, p. 142, pl. 18, fig. 5.

1993 Fursenkoina schreibersiana (Czjzek)—Haig, pl. 5, figs. 18—20.

1994 Fursenkoina schreibersiana (Czjzek)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 131, pl. 257, figs. 1—12.

1995 Fursenkoina schreibersiana (Czjzek)—Ujiié, p. 64, pl. 7, fig. 3.

1996 Fursenkoina schreibersiana (Czjzek)—Revets, pp. 12, 13, pl. 8, figs. 5—8.

2001 Fursenkoina acuta (d’Orbigny)—Kawagata, p. 92, fig. 9-8.

Remarks. We follow Revets’s (1996a) discussion on the taxonomic relationship with F. squammosa, and Papp and Schmid (1985) and Kawagata (2001) with F. schreibersiana, granting priority to F. acuta.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Genus NEOCASSIDULINA McCulloch, 1977
Neocassidulina hadai (Uchio)
Figures 27.17-27.19

1962 Bolivina hadai Uchio, pp. 368, 369, pl. 18, figs. 3, 4.

1964 Bolivina capitata Cushman—LeRoy, p. F31, pl. 2, fig. 9 (non Bolivina capitata Cushman, 1933c).

1964 Loxostomum okinawaens LeRoy, p. F33, pl. 2, figs. 17, 18.

1979 Brizalina subcapitata Zheng, pp. 160, 218, pl. 15, fig. 15.

1989 Bolivina hadai Uchio —Ōki, p. 107, pl. 9, fig. 1.

1992 Brizalina capitata (Cushman)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 172, pl. 25 figs. 9—11.

1993 Cassidelina capitata (Cushman)—Haig, p. 170, pl. 1, figs. 4—6.

1994 Cassidelina subcapitata (Zheng)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 118, pl. 229, figs. 8—12.

Remarks. This species is commonly observed in the Pacific region as listed above. Bolivina capitata Cushman, which several authors have identified with the present form, has biserial chambers and a symmetrical aperture, and belongs to Bolivina or Brizalina according to Loeblich and Tappan (1994). Aperture of genus Neocassidulina is not symmetrical like Bolivina. Its elongate, curved, and slit-like aperture extends up the apertural face parallel to the distal margin in side view.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Genus RUTHERFORDOIDES McCulloch, 1981
Rutherfordoides mexicanus (Cushman)
Figures 27.20, 27.21

1922 Virgulina mexicana Cushman (b), p. 120, pl. 23, fig. 8.

1958 Virgulina mexicana Cushman—Asano, pp. 14, 15, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2.

1983 Hastilina mexicana (Cushman)—Nomura (a), p. 82, pl. 2, fig. 7, pl. 3, fig. 4.

1987 Rutherfordoides mexicana (Cushman)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 578, figs. 10—12.

1990 Rutherfordoides mexicanus (Cushman)—Akimoto, p. 211, pl. 19, fig. 9.

1994 Rutherfordoides mexicanus (Cushman)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 131, pl. 257, figs. 13—15.

1995 Rutherfordoides rotundiformis (McCulloch)—Ujiié, p. 64, pl. 7, fig. 4 (non Rutherfordia rotundiformis McCulloch, 1977).

Remarks. Ujiié (1995) emphasized the similarity of his specimen to R. rotundiformis, though his specimen exhibited rapid growth in comparison to McCulloch’s (1977) slender individual.

Occurrence. Rare in the Minebari Formation.

Rutherfordoides virgus (Nomura)
Figures 27.22, 27.23

1983 Hastilina virgula Nomura (a), p. 84, pl. 2, fig. 15.

1994 Rutherfordoides virgula (Nomura)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 132, pl. 258, figs. 8—14.

Diagnosis. Moderate- to small-sized species with elongate-fusiform shape and smooth surface without significant depression of sutures and inflation of chambers.

Occurrence. A single specimen each from the Onogoshi Formation and the Minebari Formation.

Superfamily PLEUROSTOMELLOIDEA Reuss, 1860
Family PLEUROSTOMELLIDAE Reuss, 1860
Subfamily PLEUROSTOMELLINAE Reuss, 1860
Genus PLEUROSTOMELLA Reuss, 1860
Pleurostomella acuminata Cushman
Figures 27.24, 27.25

1922 Pleurostomella acuminata Cushman (b), pp. 50, 51, pl. 19, fig. 6.

1989 Pleurostomella acuminata Cushman—Hermelin, pp. 70, 71, pl. 13, fig. 1.

1992 Pleurostomella sp. B —Kaiho, pl. 5, fig. 5.

1994 Pleurostomella acuminata Cushman—Jones, p. 56, pl. 51, fig. 22; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 133, pl. 261, figs. 11, 12.

2002 Pleurostomella acuminata Cushman—Hayward, p. 302, pl. 2, figs. 20, 21.

2012 Pleurostomella acuminata Cushman—Hayward, Kawagata, Sabaa, Grenfell, Kerckhoven, Johnson, and Thomas, p. 226, pl. 35, figs. 3—8.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama Formation, sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Pleurostomella alternans Schwager
Figures 27.26-27.28

1866 Pleurostomella alternans Schwager, p. 238, fig. 79.

1911 Pleurostomella alternans Schwager—Cushman, p. 50, fig. 81.

1941 Pleurostomella alternans Schwager—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 38, pl. 3, figs. 54, 55; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 82, pl. 2, figs. 12, 13.

1964 Pleurostomella alternans Schwager—LeRoy, p. F36, pl. 5, fig. 5.

1968 Pleurostomella alternans Schwager—Huang, p. 59, pl. 12, fig. 4.

1994 Pleurostomella alternans Schwager—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 133, pl. 261, figs. 13, 14.

1998 Pleurostomella alternans Schwager—Hess, p. 86, pl. 11, fig. 10.

2002 Pleurostomella alternans Schwager—Hayward, p. 302, pl. 2, figs. 22—24.

2012 Pleurostomella alternans Schwager—Hayward, Kawagata, Sabaa, Grenfell, Kerckhoven, Johnson, and Thomas, p. 228, pl. 36, figs. 10—15.

Remarks. Small form (up to 0.5 mm in length) and large forms (ca. 1.1 mm) are distinguished in samples from the Yonahama Formation. This gap in test size is large; forms might be distinguished as separate species.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Superfamily STILOSTOMELLOIDEA Finlay, 1947
Family STILOSTOMELLIDAE Finlay, 1947
Genus MYLLOSTOMELLA Hayward, 2002
Myllostomella fijiensis (Cushman)
Figures 28.1, 28.2

1934 Siphonodosaria fijiensis Cushman, p. 127, pl. 4, fig. 10.

1954 Ellipsonodosaria ugoensis Iwasa and Kikuchi, p. 192, text-fig. 5.

1992 Stilostomella cf. S. annulifera (Cushman and Bermudez)—Kaiho, pl. 5, fig. 15.

2002 Myllostomella fijiensis (Cushman)—Hayward, p. 304, pl. 3, figs. 10—12.

Remarks. Hayward (2002) proposed the new genus Myllostomella following a comprehensive summary by Loeblich and Tappan (1987); several species once assigned to Stilostomella or other genera were transferred to the new genus.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama Formation.

Genus NEUGEBORINA Popescu in Cicha, Rögl, Pupp, and Streiniger, 1998
Neugeborina longiscata (d’Orbigny)
Figures 10.13, 10.14

1846 Nodosaria longiscata d’Orbigny, p. 32, pl. 1, figs. 10—12.

1941 Nodosaria longiscata d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 27, pl. 3, fig. 69; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 75, pl. 1, fig. 31.

1944 Nodosaria longiscata d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 81, pl. 1, figs. 15, 16.

1964 Nodosaria longiscata d’Orbigny—LeRoy, p. F24, pl. 15, fig. 23.

1985 Nodosaria longiscata d’Orbigny—Papp and Schmid, p. 23, pl. 3, figs. 1—5.

1992 Nodosaria longiscata d’Orbigny—Kaiho, pl. 2, fig. 12.

1994 Nodosaria longiscata d’Orbigny—Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 65, 66, pl. 116, fig. 6; Akimoto, p. 285, pl. 4, fig. 6.

2012 Neugeborina longiscata (d’Orbigny)—Hayward, Kawagata, Sabaa, Grenfell, Kerckhoven, Johnson, and Thomas, pp. 134, 135, pl. 8, figs. 19—23.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus ORTHOMORPHINA Stainforth, 1952
Orthomorphina perversa (Schwager)
Figure 28.5

1866 Nodosaria perversa Schwager, p. 212, pl. 5, fig. 29.

1884 Nodosaria perversa Schwager—Brady, p. 512, pl. 1, figs. 25—27.

1937 Nodogenerina challengeriana Thalmann, p. 341.

1964 Orthomorphina challengeriana (Thalmann)—LeRoy, p. F29, pl. 15, fig. 26.

1964 Rectoglandulina ambigua (Neugeboren)—LeRoy, p. F23, pl. 15, fig. 8 (non Nodosaria ambigua Neugeboren, 1856).

1989 ?Orthomorphina challengeriana (Thalmann)—Hermelin, p. 44, pl. 4, fig. 20.

1992 Stilostomella sp. G— Kaiho, pl. 5, fig. 23.

1994 Orthomorphina challengeriana (Thalmann)—Jones, p. 76, pl. 64, figs. 25—27, suppl. pl. 2, figs. 4, 5, 16.

2002 Orthomorphina perversa (Schwager)—Hayward, p. 299, pl. 1, figs. 50—52.

2012 Orthomorphina perversa (Schwager)—Hayward, Kawagata, Sabaa, Grenfell, Kerckhoven, Johnson, and Thomas, pp. 137, 138, pl. 8, figs. 35—38, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2,?3. ?4.

Remarks. This species is distinguished from Nodosaria ambigua Neugeboren by having well-developed longitudinal striae.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Genus SIPHONODOSARIA Silvestri, 1924
Siphonodosaria aff. consobrina (d’Orbigny)
Figures 28.6, 28.7

Compared with:

1985 Stilostomella consobrina (d’Orbigny)—Papp and Schmid, p. 29, pl. 11, figs. 1—5.

Remarks. The general morphology is similar to S. consobrina, but our specimens exhibit a well-developed apertural neck unlike the lectotype of Papp and Schmid (1985).

Occurrence. Four specimens from a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Siphonodosaria hayasakai (Ishizaki)
Figures 28.8, 28.9

1943 Ellipsonodosaria hayasakai Ishizaki, p. 683, pl., fig. 2.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with very finely hispid test surface, slightly inflated test, and depressed sutures.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation, common in the Minebari Formation.

Siphonodosaria longispina (Egger)
Figures 28.10, 28.11

1900 Nodosaria longispina Egger, p. 80, pl. 10, fig. 22.

1964 Nodosaria hispidula Cushman—LeRoy, p. F24, pl. 15, fig. 4 (non Nodosaria lepidula Schwager var. hispidula Cushman, 1921).

2002 Siphonodosaria hispidula (Cushman)—Hayward, p. 304, pl. 3, figs. 18 (only).

2012 Siphonodosaria longispina (Egger)—Hayward, Kawagata, Sabaa, Grenfell, Kerckhoven, Johnson, and Thomas, p. 177, pl. 18, figs. 28—30.

Remarks. As indicated by Hayward et al. (2012), this species differs from N. hispidula in having well-developed long spines on the test.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Siphonodosaria ketienziensis (Ishizaki)
Figures 28.12, 28.13

1943 Ellipsonodosaria ketienziensis Ishizaki, p. 684, figs. 1, 6, 11.

1964 Stilostomella ketienziensis (Ishizaki)—LeRoy, p. F35, pl. 15, fig. 33.

1992 Stilostomella sp. A— Kaiho, pl. 5, fig. 11.

2002 Siphonodosaria ketienziensis (Ishizaki)—Hayward, pp .304, 305, pl. 3, figs. 21, 22.

Remarks. This species resembles Siphonodosaria lepidula, yet is distinguished by less depressed sutures and finer and shorter spines on the lower margin of the chambers. Nodosaria insecta var. spinifera LeRoy (1941, part 2, p. 74, pl. 1, fig. 17) may be a synonym of this species. Hayward et al. (2012) regarded this species to be synonymous with Siphonodosaria jacksonensis (Cushman and Applin), originally described from the Eocene of Texas, although retained as a distinct species, since the holotype illustrated by Hayward et al. shows less depressed sutures.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Siphonodosaria lepidula (Schwager)
Figures 28.14, 28.15

1866 Nodosaria lepidula Schwager, pp. 210, 211, pl. 5, figs. 27, 28.

1941 Nodogenerina lepidula (Schwager)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 31, pl. 1, fig. 104; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 79, pl. 1, fig. 28.

1989 Siphonodosaria lepidula (Schwager)—Hermelin, pp. 61, 62, pl. 11, figs. 8, 9.

1992 Stilostomella lepidula (Schwager)—Kaiho, pl. 5, fig. 12.

1994 Nodogenerina lepidula (Schwager)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 133, pl. 261, figs. 18—20.

2002 Siphonodosaria lepidula f. lepidula (Schwager)—Hayward, p. 305, pl. 3, figs. 25—32.

2012 Siphonodosaria lepidula (Schwager)—Hayward, Kawagata, Sabaa, Grenfell, Kerckhoven, Johnson, and Thomas, p. 174, pl. 18, figs. 6—20.

Remarks. This is one of the most popular deep-sea foraminifera in the Neogene Pacific region, and its disappearance provides an important datum horizon in the Quaternary which is referred to as the Stilostomella extinction (Weinholz and Lutze, 1989).

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Genus STRICTOCOSTELLA Patterson, 1987
Strictocostella hyugaensis (Ishizaki)
Figures 28.3, 28.4

1943 Ellipsonodosaria hyugaensis Ishizaki, p. 686, text-figs. 12, 13.

2005 Myllostomella hyugaensis (Ishizaki)—Kawagata, Hayward, Grenfell, and Sabaa, p. 288, pl. 1, figs. 12, 13.

2012 Strictocostella hyugaensis (Ishizaki)—Hayward, Kawagata, Sabaa, Grenfell, Kerckhoven, Johnson, and Thomas, pp. 188, 189, pl. 21, figs. 27—32, pl. 22, figs. 1—4.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama Formation, rare in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Strictocostella modesta (Bermudez)
Figures 28.16, 28.17

1937 Ellipsonodosaria modesta Bermudez, p. 238, pl. 20, fig. 3.

1989 Siphonodosaria sp. 3 —Hermelin, p. 62, pl. 11, figs. 15, 19.

2002 Strictocostella modesta (Bermudez)—Hayward, p. 306, pl. 3, figs. 51, 52.

2002 Strictocostella modesta (Bermúdez)—Hayward, Kawagata, Sabaa, Grenfell, Kerckhoven, Johnson, and Thomas, pp. 191, 192, pl. 22, figs. 28—39.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama Formation.

Superfamily DISCORBOIDEA Ehrenberg, 1838
Family BAGGINIDAE Cushman, 1927a
Subfamily BAGGININAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus BAGGINA Cushman, 1926b
Baggina totomiensis Makiyama
Figure 28.18, 28.19

1931 Baggina totomiensis Makiyama, p. 42, text-fig. 4

1951 Baggina totomiensis Makiyama—Asano (part 14), p. 21, text-figs. 154, 155

1964 Baggina totomiensis Makiyama—LeRoy, p. F39, pl. 6, figs. 20—22.

Remarks. This species is characterized by the dentition on the early chambers in the umbilical region. It resembles the Miocene Baggina notoensis Asano (1953) in a dentate umbilicus, but is distinguished by its evolute dorsal chambers.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Genus CANCRIS de Montfort, 1808
Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)
Figures 28.20, 28.21

1798 Nautilus auriculata var. α and β Fichtel and Moll, pp. 108, 110, pl. 20, figs. a—f.

1921 Pulvinulina auricula (Fichtel and Moll)—Cushman, p. 329, pl. 69, fig. 3.

1941 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 41, pl. 2, figs. 79—81; LeRoy (Part 3), p. 117, pl. 3, figs. 7—9, 16—18.

1944 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 36, pl. 3, figs. 4—9, pl. 6, figs. 16—18.

1964 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—LeRoy, p. F39, pl. 4, figs. 23, 24.

1965 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Todd, p. 22, pl. 5, fig. 5.

1966 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Belford, pp. 96, 97, pl. 15, figs. 1—5.

1984 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Rögl and Hansen, pp. 67, 68, pl. 26, figs. 3—8, text-fig. 28.

1985 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Papp and Schmid, p. 61, pl. 52, figs. 7—13.

1988 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 158, pl. 23, fig. 13.

1989 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Inoue, pl. 30, fig. 6.

1989 Cancris auricula (Fichtel and Moll)—Ōki, pp. 128, 129, pl. 14, fig. 8.

1992 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 179, pl. 29, fig. 4.

1994 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Jones, p. 105, pl. 106, fig. 4; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 134, pl. 265, figs. 7—10.

1996 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Revets (b), pp. 76, 77, pl. 10, figs. 5—8.

2001 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Kawagata, pp. 92, 93, figs. 9, 10.

2002 Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 17, pl. 47, fig. 2.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Oura, Onogoshi, and Minebari formations.

Genus VALVULINERIA Cushman, 1926b
Valvulineria glabra Cushman
Figures 28.22, 28.23

1927 Valvulineria vilardeboana (d’Orbigny) var. glabra Cushman (c), p. 161, pl. 9, figs. 5, 6.

1941 Valvulineria aff. araucana (d’Orbigny) var. malagaensis Kleinpell—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 83, pl. 4, figs. 22—24.

1944 Valvulineria araucana (d’Orbigny) var. malagaensis Kleinpell—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 33, pl. 6, figs. 28—30.

1965 Valvulineria glabra Cushman—Todd, p. 22, pl. 8, fig. 3.

1994 Valvulineria glabra Cushman—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 135, pl. 268, figs. 1—3.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama Formation, rare in the Minebari Formation.

Family DISCORBIDAE Ehrenberg, 1838
Genus ROTORBIS Sellier de Civrieux, 1977
Rotorbis auberi (d'Orbigny)
Figures 29.1, 29.2

1839 Rosalina auberi d’Orbigny (a), p. 94, pl. 4, figs. 5—8.

1987 Neoeponides auberi (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 605, figs. 5—7.

1994 Neoeponides auberi (d’Orbigny)—Jones, p. 94, pl. 87, fig. 8.

1994 Rotorbis auberi (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 137, 138, pl. 278, figs. 1—11.

2001 Neoeponides auberi (d’Orbigny)—Kawagata, p. 93, figs. 9—11.

Remarks. Loeblich and Tappan (1987) once placed the genus Rotorbis in the synonymy of Neoeponides. Later, Loeblich and Tappan (1994) regarded it as a distinct genus of the family Discorbidae Ehrenberg (1838), and the genus Neoeponides was placed in a new family, Neoeponididae.

Occurrence. Common in the Minebari Formation.

Genus STREBLOIDES Bermúdez and Seiglie, 1963
Strebloides advenus (Cushman)
Figure 29.5

1922 Discorbis advena Cushman (a), p. 40.

1959 Discopulvinulina advena (Cushman)—Graham and Militante, pp. 92, 93, pl. 13, fig. 21.

1987 Strebloides advenus (Cushman)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 608, figs. 1—3.

1994 Strebloides advenus (Cushman)—Jones, p. 93, pl. 87, fig. 1.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Family NEOEPONIDIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1994
Genus NEOEPONIDES Reiss, 1960
Neoeponides bradyi Le Calvez
Figures 29.3, 29.4

1974 Neoeponides bradyi Le Calvez, p. 64.

1984 Neoeponides bradyi Le Calvez—Rögl and Hansen, pl. 7, figs. 1—6.

1994 Neoeponides bradyi Le Calvez—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 138, pl. 279, figs. 1—9.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation, sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Family ROSALINIDAE Reiss, 1963
Genus GAVELINOPSIS Hofker, 1951
Gavelinopsis lobatulus (Parr)
Figures 29.6, 29.7

1950 Discorbis lobatulus Parr, p. 354, pl. 13, figs. 23—25.

1988 Gavelinopsis lobatulus (Parr)—Marle, p. 143, pl. 2, figs. 1—3.

1989 Gavelinopsis lobatulus (Parr)—Hermelin, p. 68, pl. 12, figs. 11—13.

1992 Gavelinopsis lobatulus (Parr)—Kaiho, pl. 7, fig. 5.

1994 Gavelinopsis labatula (Parr)—Jones, p. 94, pl. 88, fig. 1.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama Formation, rare in the Minebari Formation.

Gavelinopsis praegeri (Heron-Allen and Earland)
Figures 29.8, 29.9

1913 Discorbina praegeri Heron-Allen and Earland, p. 122, pl. 10, figs. 8—10.

1941 Discorbis? cf. praegeri (Heron-Allen and Earland)—LeRoy (Part 3), p. 116, pl. 2, figs. 7—9.

1987 Gavelinopsis praegeri (Heron-Allen and Earland)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 608, figs. 6—12.

1988 Gavelinopsis praegeri (Heron-Allen and Earland)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 157, pl. 23, figs. 7—11.

1990 Gavelinopsis praegeri (Heron-Allen and Earland)—Ujiié, p. 33, pl. 14, fig. 6.

1994 Gavelinopsis praegeri (Heron-Allen and Earland)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 138, 139, pl. 281, figs. 1—10; Akimoto, p. 284, pl. 3, fig. 14.

2001 Gavelinopsis praegeri (Heron-Allen and Earland)—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, figs. 15-BB—15-DD.

Occurrence. Common in the Oura and Onogoshi formations, rare in the Yonahama Formation.

Genus PLANODISCORBIS Bermúdez, 1952
Planodiscorbis rarescens (Brady)
Figures 29.10, 29.11

1884 Discorbina rarescens Brady, p. 651, pl. 90, figs. 2, 3.

1987 Planodiscorbis rarescens (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 609, figs. 11—13.

1990 Planodiscorbis rarescens (Brady)—Ujiié, pp. 33, 34, pl. 13, fig. 12.

1992 Planodiscorbis rarescens (Brady)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 183, pl. 32, fig. 4.

1994 Planodiscorbis rarescens (Brady)—Jones, p. 95, pl. 90, figs. 2, 3; Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 139, 140, pl. 285, figs. 1—10.

1995 Planodiscorbis rarescens (Brady)—Ujiié, p. 66, pl. 8, fig. 8.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations, common in the Minebari Formation.

Genus ROSALINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Rosalina australis (Parr)
Figure 29.12

1932 Discorbis australis Parr (b), p. 227.

1951 Discopulvinulina australis (Parr)—Asano (part 14), p. 3, text-figs. 20—22.

1988 Rosalina australis (Parr)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 156, pl. 22, figs. 14, 15.

1994 Rosalina australis (Parr)—Jones, p. 94, pl. 87, figs. 5—7.

2002 Rosalina australis (Parr)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 18, pl. 48, fig. 8.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Rosalina globularis d'Orbigny
Figures 29.13, 29.14

1826 Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny, p. 271, pl. 13, figs. 1—4.

1965 Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny—Todd, pp. 11, 12, pl. 3, fig. 4.

1987 Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 610, figs. 1—5, pl. 611, figs. 1—3.

1994 Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 93, pl. 86, fig. 13; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 140, pl. 286, figs. 7—15.

2002 Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 18, pl. 49, fig. 6.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Family SPHAEROIDINIDAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus SPHAEROIDINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny
Figures 29.15, 29.16

1826 Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny, p. 267.

1846 Sphaeroidina austriaca d’Orbigny, p. 284, pl. 20, figs. 19—21.

1865 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Parker, Jones, and Brady, p. 29, pl. 2, fig. 58.

1941 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 43, pl. 1, figs. 11—13; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 86, pl. 6, figs. 5, 6.

1944 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 1), pp. 38, 39, pl. 4, figs. 49, 50; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 90, pl. 3, figs. 24, 25.

1951 Sphaeroidina austriaca d’Orbigny—Asano (part 12), p. 12, text-figs. 13, 14.

1957 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Asano, p. 10, pl. 2, figs. 16, 17.

1964 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—LeRoy, p. F41, pl. 16, figs. 21, 22.

1965 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Todd, p. 49, pl. 18, fig. 4.

1968 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Huang, p. 59, pl. 10, figs. 5, 10.

1985 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Papp and Schmid, p. 96, pl. 90, figs. 7—12.

1987 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 617, figs. 1—6.

1988 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 146, pl. 20, fig. 6; Marle, p. 149, pl. 2, fig. 11.

1989 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Inoue, p. 149, pl. 27, fig. 9.

1990 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Ujiié, pp. 28, 29, pl. 11, figs. 3—5.

1994 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Jones, p. 91, pl. 84, figs. 1—7; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 141, pl. 289, figs. 1—3.

1998 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Hess, p. 90, pl. 9, fig. 14.

2001 Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, fig. 16-BB.

Remarks. Papp and Schmid (1985) regarded S. austriaca, from the Miocene, as a junior synonym of S. bulloides. We think that Japanese specimens recorded as S. austriaca (e.g., Asano, 1951, part 12) are also junior synonyms of S. bulloides.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Superfamily GLABRATELLOIDEA Loeblich and Tappan, 1964
Family GLABRATELLIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1964
Genus MURRAYINELLA Farías, 1977
Murrayinella globosa (Millett)
Figures 29.17, 29.18

1903 Discorbina imperatorial (d’Orbigny) var. globosa Millett (part VII), p. 701, pl. 7, fig. 6.

1988 Schackoinella globosa (Millett)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 158, pl. 23, figs. 15, 16.

1989 Pararotalia aff. globosa (Millett)—Ōki, p. 133, pl. 15, fig. 9.

1994 Schackoinella globosa (Millett)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 142, pl. 294, figs. 1—10.

2000 Murrayinella globosa (Millett)—Nomura and Takayanagi, pp. 174, 175, figs. 1.1—1.8.

Remarks. Specimens from Miyakojima Island have four to four and a half chambers in the final whorl rather than five in the typical form of this species. The present study regards it to fall within the range of variation.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus PLANOGLABRATELA Seiglie and Bermúdez, 1965
Planoglabratella opercularis (d'Orbigny)
Figure 29.19

1839 Rosalina opercularis d’Orbigny (a), p. 93, pl. 3, figs. 24, 25.

1964 Neoconorbina opercularis (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy, p. F36, pl. 9, figs. 9, 10.

1987 Planoglabratella opercularis (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 621, figs. 21—23.

1994 Planoglabratella opercularis (d’Orbigny)—Jones, p. 95, pl. 89, figs. 8, 9.

Occurrence. A single juvenile specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Superfamily SIPHONINOIDEA Cushman, 1927a
Family SIPHONINIDAE Cushman, 1927a
Subfamily SIPHONININAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus SIPHONINA Reuss, 1850
Siphonina australis Cushman
Figures 29.20, 29.21

1927 Siphonina australis Cushman (b), p. 8, pl. 2, fig. 6, pl. 3, fig. 7.

1941 Siphonina australis Cushman—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 41, pl. 2, figs. 88—90; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 84, pl. 4, figs. 10—12.

1941 Siphonina australis Cushman—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 89, pl. 4, figs. 1—3.

1964 Siphonina bradyana Cushman—LeRoy, p. F39, pl. 4, figs. 5, 6 (non Siphonina bradyana Cushman, 1927b).

1988 Siphonina bradyana Cushman—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 161, pl. 24, fig. 13; Marle, p. 149, pl. 2, fig. 13.

1994 Siphonina bradyana Cushman—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 143, pl. 298, figs. 1—9.

1998 Siphonina bradyana Cushman—Hess, p. 90, pl. 14, figs. 5, 6.

Remarks.Siphonina bradyana Cushman (1927b) has a shorter neck and more fimbriate and broader keel than S. australis.

Occurrence. Rare in the Oura, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Superfamily DISCORBINELLOIDEA Sigal, 1952
Family PARRELLOIDIDAE Hofker, 1956a
Genus CIBICIDOIDES Thalmann, 1939
Cibicidoides ornatus (Cushman)
Figures 29.22-29.24

1921 Truncatulina ungeriana (d’Orbigny) var. ornata Cushman, p. 317, text-fig. 12.

1964 Cibicides ornatus (Cushman)—LeRoy, p. F45, pl. 8, figs. 19—21.

1994 Heterolepa ornatus (Cushman)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 162, pl. 314, figs. 1—10.

Diagnosis. Moderate-sized species with near-equally biconvex, numerous chambers about 11-13 in final whorl, coarsely pitted surface.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Cibicidoides pachyderma (Rzehak)
Figures 30.1-30.4

1886 Truncatulina pachyderma Rzehak, p. 87, pl. 1, fig. 5.

1964 Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman)—LeRoy, p. F45, pl. 8, figs. 13—15 (?non Truncatulina pseudoungeriana Cushman, 1922c).

1986 Cibicidoides pachyderma (Rzehak)—Morkhoven, Berggren, and Edwards, p. 68, pl. 22, fig. 1.

1988 Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 162, pl. 25, figs. 15, 16.

1989 Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman)—Ōki, p. 151, pl. 21, fig. 5.

1992 Cibicidoides pachyderma (Rzehak)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 187, pl. 35, fig. 5.

1994 Cibicidoides pachyderma (Rzehak)—Jones, p. 98, pl. 94, fig. 9.

1995 Cibicidoides pachyderma (Rzehak)—Ujiié, p. 67, pl. 9, fig. 5.

Remarks. This is one of the more familiar species in bathyal waters around southern Japanese Islands. It has bioconvex or umbilically more convex test, moderate test size for the genus, about nine to eleven chambers in final whorl, coarsely pitted spiral side, and moderately curved sutures. Hatta and Ujiié (1992b) suggested that it had been recorded previously as Cibicidoides pseudoungerianus (Cushman). Two aberrant forms that have inflated chambers are also illustrated here. Wang and Lutze (1986) noted several inflated varieties occasionally seen in calcareous hyaline taxa including Cibicidoides, and this is one of them.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Cibicidoides sp. A
Figures 30.5, 30.6

Description. Test very small for the genus, approximately 0.12—0.15 mm in diameter; trochospiral, biconvex but umbilical side more convex; periphery rounded; seven to eight chambers in the last whorl; sutures on dorsal side strongly curving backwards, umbilical side radiate; aperture interiomarginal extending to edge of periphery of last chamber; test thin and finely perforate.

Remarks. We could not find any taxon to assign this specimen to. This form might be a juvenile of any species of Cibicidoides, although all our specimens show the similar small test size and we regard them as adult .

Occurrence. Thirty-nine specimens from only a single sample of the Yonahama Formation.

Genus PARRELLOIDES Hofker, 1956a
Parrelloides bradyi (Trauth)
Figures 30.7, 30.8

1918 Truncatulina bradyi Trauth, p. 235.

1951 Cibicides hyalina Hofker, p. 359, figs. 244, 245.

1964 Eponides hyalinus (Hofker)—LeRoy, p. F37, pl. 7, figs. 24—26.

1966 Parrelloides bradyi (Trauth)—Belford, pp. 100—102, pl. 11, figs. 10—19.

1968 Cibicidoides bradyi (Trauth)—Huang, p. 56, pl. 13, figs. 22, 23.

1988 Parrelloides bradyi (Trauth)—Marle, p. 148, pl. 3, figs. 16, 17.

1989 Cibicidoides bradyi (Trauth)—Hermelin, pp. 85, 86, pl. 17, figs. 2—4.

1990 Parrelloides bradyi (Trauth)—Akimoto, pp. 206, 207, pl. 20, fig. 2, pl. 23, fig. 8.

1992 Cibicidoides bradyi (Trauth)—Kaiho, pl. 6, figs. 3, 4, 6, 7.

1994 Gyroidina bradyi (Trauth)—Jones, p. 99, pl. 95, fig. 5.

1994 Parrelloides bradyi (Trauth)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 144, pl. 301, figs. 1—9.

1996 Parrelloides hyalinus (Hofker)—Revets (b), p. 68, pl. 3, figs. 9, 10.

2000 Cibicidoides bradyi (Trauth) —— Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 139, pl. 4, fig. 6.

Remarks. We regard Cibicides hyalina Hofker, type species of the genus Parrelloides, as a junior synonym of P. bradyi. Genus Parrelloides is distinguished from Cibicidoides in the smaller size and rounded periphery, and from Gyroidina in more convex spiral side, rounded periphery, and optically radial microstructure.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama Formation, rare in the Minebari Formation.

Family PSEUDOPARRELLIDAE Voloshinova in Voloshinova and Dain, 1952
Subfamily PSEUDOPARRELLINAE Voloshinova in Voloshinova and Dain, 1952
Genus ALABAMINOIDES Gudina and Saidova, 1967
Alabaminoides exiguus (Brady)
Figures 30.9, 30.10

1884 Pulvinulina exigua Brady, p. 696, pl. 103, figs. 13, 14.

1988 Epistominella exigua (Brady)—Marle, p. 143, pl. 3, figs. 6—8.

1989 Epistominella exigua (Brady)—Inoue, pp. 153, 154, pl. 18, fig. 12, pl. 26, fig. 2.

1990 Pseudoparella exigua (Brady)—Akimoto, p. 208, pl. 20, fig. 7, pl. 24, fig. 3.

1990 Epistominella exigua (Brady)—Ujiié, p. 32, pl. 14, fig. 1.

1992 Epistominella exigua (Brady)—Kaiho, pl. 8, fig. 6.

1994 Alabaminoides exiguus (Brady)—Jones, p. 103, pl. 103, figs. 13, 14.

1994 Pseudoparella exigua (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 146, pl. 307, figs. 1—7; Akimoto, p. 285, pl. 3, fig. 8.

1994 Epistominella exigua (Brady)—Xu and Ujiié, p. 518, figs.7-1, 7-2.

1995 Epistominella exigua (Brady)—Ujiié, pp. 67, 68, pl. 10, fig. 3.

1998 Epistominella exigua (Brady)—Hess, p. 80, pl. 14, figs. 15, 16.

2000 Epistominella exigua (Brady)—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 139, pl. 3, fig. 1.

2001 Epistominella exigua (Brady)—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, figs.15-Y, 15-Z, 15-AA.

Remarks. This species has been listed either as a member of the genus Pseudoparella or of Epistominella among Japanese workers who focused on the character of the aperture parallel to the periphery. We follow Jones’s (1994) placement in the genus Alabaminoides. It is characterized by a non-carinate periphery, a small number of chambers and a slightly raised dorsal (biconvex) test, not like Epistominella.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation, sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Genus EILOHEDRA Lipps, 1965
Eilohedra rotunda (Husezima and Maruhasi)
Figures 30.11, 30.12

1944 Eponides rotundus Husezima and Maruhasi, p. 399, pl. 34, fig. 12.

1958 Epistominella levicula Resig, p. 304, text-fig. 16.

1967 Epistominella nipponica Kuwano, in Matoba, text-fig. 8, pl. 26, fig. 13.

1988 Epistominella naraensis (Kuwano)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 156, pl. 22, fig. 13 (non Pseudoparrella naraensis Kuwano, 1950).

1989 Eilohedra levicula (Resig)—Ōki, pp. 126, 172, pl. 14, fig. 2.

1994 Epistominella levicula Resig—Xu and Ujiié, p. 518, fig. 7-3.

1995 Eilohedra levicula (Resig)—Ujiié, p. 67, pl. 10, fig. 2.

Remarks. This very small species has priority over E. levicula and E. nipponica. Type specimens of this species were lost in World War II; a neotype has not yet been designated. This is a familiar species in the Sea of Japan region, meaning that the selection of a neotype would not be difficult. It also differs from Pseudoparrella naraensis Kuwano in a strongly curved suture on the umbilical side.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation, common in the Minebari Formation.

Genus FACETOCOCHLEA Loeblich and Tappan, 1994
Facetocochlea pulchra (Cushman)
Figures 30.13, 30.14

1933 Pulvinulinella pulchra Cushman (b), p. 92, pl. 9, fig. 10.

1964 Neoconorbina pacifica LeRoy, p. F36, pl. 4, figs. 26—28.

1988 Epistominella pulchra (Cushman)—Marle, p. 143, pl. 5, figs. 13—15.

1992 Epistominella pulchra (Cushman)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), pp. 187, 188, pl. 36, fig. 2.

1994 Facetocochlea pulchra (Cushman)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 145, pl. 304, figs. 1—10.

Remarks. This species had been assigned to the genus Epistominella until Loeblich and Tappan (1994) erected Facetocochlea based on the presence of rows of large pores on the spiral side of the test.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Family DISCORBINELLIDAE Sigal, 1952
Subfamily DISCORBINELLINAE Sigal, 1952
Genus DISCORBINELLA Cushman and Martin, 1935
Discorbinella montereyensis Cushman and Martin
Figure 30.15

1935 Discorbinella montereyensis Cushman and Martin, p. 89, pl. 14, fig. 13.

1987 Discorbinella montereyensis Cushman and Martin—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 63, figs. 1—3.

1994 Discorbinella montereyensis Cushman and Martin—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 148, pl. 113, figs. 1—6.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Genus LATICARININA Galloway and Wissler, 1927b
Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)
Figures 30.16, 30.17

1865 Pulvinulina repanda (Fichtel and Moll) var. menardii subvar. pauperata Parker and Jones, p. 395, pl. 16, figs. 50, 51.

1941 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 46, pl. 2, figs. 18, 19; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 88, pl. 6, figs. 30, 31.

1964 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)—LeRoy, p. F44, pl. 9, fig. 25.

1965 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)—Todd, p. 51, pl. 21, fig. 6.

1966 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)—Belford, pp. 92, 93, pl. 14, figs. 9—13.

1968 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)—Huang, p. 57, pl. 13, figs. 34, 39.

1987 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 631, figs. 1—4.

1988 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)—Marle, p. 145, pl. 3, figs. 1—3.

1990 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)—Ujiié, p. 33, pl. 14, figs. 3, 4.

1994 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)—Jones, p. 104, pl. 104, figs. 1—3; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 148, pl. 312, figs. 1—5.

1998 Laticarinina pauperata (Parker and Jones)—Hess, pp. 83, 84, pl. 9, fig. 13.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama Formation.

Superfamily PLANOBULIMINOIDEA Schwager, 1877
Family PLANULINIDAE Bermúdez, 1952
Genus HYALINELA Hofker, 1951
Hyalinea balthica (Schröter)
Figures 30.18-30.21

1782 ‘Ammonshörner der Ostsee’ Schröter, p. 120.

1783 ‘Das platte Ammonshorn aus der Ostsee’ Schröter, p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 2.

1791 Nautilus balthicus Gmelin, p. 3370.

1941 Operculina ammonoides (Gronovius)—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 78, pl. 6, figs. 24, 25 (non Nautilus ammonoides Gronovius, 1781).

1964 Hyalinea balthica (Schröter)—LeRoy, p. F44, pl. 9, figs. 34—36.

1966 Hyalinea balthica (Gmelin)—Belford, pp. 124, 125, pl. 14, figs. 1—8, text-figs. 13-1—13-3.

1977 Hyalinea florenceae McCulloch, p. 452, pl. 181, fig. 1.

1986 Hyalinea balthica (Schroeter)—Wang and Lutze, p. 57, pl. 3, figs. 1, 11, 12,

1987 Hyalinea balthica (Schröter)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 632, figs. 5—8.

1988 Hyalinea balthica (Schroeter)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 164, pl. 26, figs. 4, 5; Marle, p. 145, pl. 2, fig. 21.

1989 Hyalinea balthica (Schröter)—Ōki, p. 139, pl. 17, fig. 6.

1989 Hyalinea balthica (Schroeter)—Inoue, pl. 28, fig. 9, pl. 31, fig. 12.

1990 Hyalinea balthica (Schröter)—Akimoto, p. 202, pl. 20, fig. 5.

1994 Hyalinea balthica (Schroeter)—Jones, p. 110, pl. 112, figs. 1, 2.

1994 Hyalinea florenceae McCulloch—Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 148, 149, pl. 313, figs. 1—10.

1995 Hyalinea balthica (Schröter)—Ujiié, p. 68, pl. 10, figs. 4, 5.

2001 Hyalinea balthica (Schröter)—Kawagata, pp. 98, 99, fig. 11-8.

2002 Hyalinea balthica (Schröter)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 20, pl. 52, fig. 1.

Remarks. Gmelin (1791) erected this species on the basis of a description by Schröter (1782, 1783) (see also Belford, 1966). Loeblich and Tappan (1994) regarded Hyalinea florenceae McCulloch as a distinct species, but we regard it here as a variety of H. balthica with inflated chambers, following the study by Wang and Lutze (1986). In specimens of inflated variation, limbation of sutures that characterize typical H. balthica is no longer visible from the outside.

Hyalinea inflata Ujiié and Kusukawa (1969, p. 767, pl. 2, figs. 1—3) has inflated chambers similar to H. florenceae, but chamber inflation begins from a younger stage as based on a figure in Oki (1989, pl. 18, fig. 1); we regard it as a distinct species.

Occurrence. Common in all the formations of the present study. Specimens of inflated variation are sporadic in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Genus PLANULINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Planulina retia Belford
Figures 31.1, 31.2

1966 Planulina retia Belford, p. 122, pl. 11, figs. 1—9.

1994 Planulina retia Belford—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 149, pl. 315, figs. 1—11, pl. 316, figs. 4—7.

Diagnosis. Large- to moderate-sized species with compressed plano-convex test, moderately pitted surface and evolute umbilical coiling.

Occurrence. Common in the Minebari Formation.

Family CIBICIDIDAE Cushman, 1927a

Subfamily CIBICIDINAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808
Cibicides refulgens de Montfort
Figures 31.3, 31.4

1808 Cibicides refulgens de Montfort, p. 123.

1921 Truncatulina refulgens (de Montfort)—Cushman, p. 312, pl. 63, fig. 1.

1964 Cibicides refulgens de Montfort—LeRoy, p. F44, pl. 8, figs. 22—24.

1966 Cibicides sp. cf. C. refulgens Montfort—Belford, p. 133, pl. 23, figs. 1—6, text-figs. 15-3—15-10.

1987 Cibicides refulgens de Montfort—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 634, figs. 1—3.

1989 Cibicides cf. refulgens de Montfort—Inoue, pl. 31, fig. 4.

1990 Cibicides refulgens de Montfort—Akimoto, p. 196, pl. 23, fig. 5.

1994 Cibicides refulgens de Montfort—Jones, p. 97, pl. 92, figs. 7—9; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 149, pl. 318, figs. 7—9.

1995 Cibicides refulgens de Montfort—Ujiié, p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 1.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation, sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Cibicides tenuimargo (Brady)
Figure 31.5

1884 Truncatulina tenuimargo Brady, p. 62, pl. 93, fig. 3.

1964 Cibicides tenuimargo (Brady)—LeRoy, p. F44, pl. 8, figs. 30—32.

1966 Cibicides tenuimargo (Brady)—Belford, p. 135, pl. 23, figs. 7—9, text-figs. 15-11—15-13.

1990 Cibicides tenuimargo (Brady)—Akimoto, p. 195, pl. 23, fig. 6.

1994 Parbicarinina tenuimargo (Brady)—Jones, p. 97, pl. 93, fig. 3.

1994 Cibicides tenuimargo (Brady)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 149, pl. 316, figs. 1—3, pl. 317, figs. 1—10.

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Genus FONTBOTIA González-Donoso and Linares, 1970
Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager)
Figures 31.6, 31.7

1866 Anomalina wuellerstorfi Schwager, pp. 258, 259, pl. 7, fig. 105.

1921 Truncatulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Cushman, pp. 314, 315, pl. 64, fig. 1.

1941 Cibicides wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 46, pl. 1, figs. 27—29; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 89, pl. 3, figs. 7—9.

1944 Cibicides wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 93, pl. 6, figs. 13—15.

1964 Cibicides wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—LeRoy, p. F45, pl. 8, figs. 25, 26.

1965 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Todd, pp. 51, 52, pl. 23, figs. 3—5.

1966 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Belford, pp. 120, 121, pl. 10, figs. 1—6.

1968 Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Huang, p. 56, pl. 13, fig. 26.

1987 Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 634, figs. 10—12, pl. 635, figs. 1—3.

1988 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Marle, p. 148, pl. 3, figs. 16, 17.

1989 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Inoue, p. 155, pl. 27, fig. 4, pl. 28, fig. 13.

1990 Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Ujiié, pp. 35, 36, pl. 17, figs. 1—5.

1990 Cibicides wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Akimoto, p. 195, pl. 23, fig. 7.

1994 Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Jones, p. 98, pl. 93, figs. 8, 9.

1994 Fontbotia wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 150, pl. 319, figs. 7—12.

1994 Cibicides wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Akimoto, p. 284, pl. 3, fig. 10.

1994 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Xu and Ujiié, p. 518, figs. 7-9, 7-10.

1998 Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Hess, pp. 78, 79, pl. 16, figs. 5—7.

2000 Planulina wuellerstorfi (Schwager)—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 144, pl. 4, fig. 1.

Remarks. This is a quite familiar bathyal species, although its generic position varies among researchers. Schweizer et al. (2009) discussed the taxonomy of Cibicides, Cibicidoides, and other genera including “Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi” based on morphology and rDNA sequence. Their results indicate that this species is not phylogenetically close to species of Cibicides but to Cibicidoides, which implies that “wuellerstorfi ” should be assigned to Cibicidoides or be separated as Fontbotia following Loeblich and Tappan (1987, 1994) .

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Genus LOBATULA Fleming, 1828
Lobatula lobatula (Walker and Jacob)
Figures 31.8, 31.9

1798 Nautilus lobatulus Walker and Jacob in Kanmacher, p. 642, pl. 14, fig. 36.

1921 Truncatulina lobatula (Walker and Jacob)—Cushman, p. 313, pl. 63, fig. 2.

1941 Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)—LeRoy (Part 3), p. 119, pl. 1, figs. 12—14.

1959 Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)—Graham and Militante, pp. 116, 117, pl. 19, fig. 12.

1964 Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)—LeRoy, p. F45, pl. 8, figs. 10—12.

1984 Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)—Rögl and Hansen, p. 68, pl. 26, figs. 9—11.

1985 Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)—Papp and Schmid, p. 64, pl. 56, figs. 1—5, p. 65, pl. 57, figs. 1—3.

1987 Lobatula lobatula (Walker and Jacob)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 637, figs. 10—13.

1988 Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 162, pl. 25, figs. 12—14; Marle, p. 141, pl. 4, figs. 18, 19.

1992 Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), pp. 188, 189, pl. 37, figs. 4, 5.

1994 Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)—Jones, p. 97, pl. 92, fig. 10, pl. 93, figs. 1, 4, 5, pl. 115, figs. 4, 5.

1994 Lobatula lobatula (Walker and Jacob)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 150, pl. 316, figs. 1—7.

2001 Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)—Kawagata, p. 99, fig. 12-1.

2002 Lobatula lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 20, pl. 54, fig. 1.

Remarks. Molecular phylogenetic study by Schweizer et al. (2009) has indicated that this species is very close to the genus Cibicidoides, not to Cibicides. Therefore, we distinguish Lobatula from Cibicidoides following Loeblich and Tappan (1987, 1994) .

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Subfamily STICHOCIBICIDINAE Saidova, 1981
Genus DYOCIBICIDES Cushman and Valentine, 1930
Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine
Figures 31.10, 31.11

1930 Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine, p. 31, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2.

1977 Dyocibicides cf. biserialis Cushman and Valentine—McCulloch, pp. 464, 465, pl. 194, fig. 5, pl. 195, figs. 1, 3, 4—10, 14, 15, pl. 196, figs. 1, 2.

1987 Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 639, figs. 8—10.

1994 Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine—Jones, p. 97, pl. 93, fig. 6.

2002 Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 21, pl. 54, fig. 2.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Superfamily ASTERIGERINOIDEA d’Orbigny, 1839a
Family EPISTOMARIIDAE Hofker, 1954
Subfamily EPISTOMARIINAE Hofker, 1954
Genus PSEUDOEPOIDES Uchio in Kawai, Uchio, Ueno, and Hozuki, 1950
Pseudoeponides japonicus Uchio
Figures 31.12-31.14

1950 Pseudoeponides japonica Uchio in Kawai, Uchio, Ueno, and Hozuki, p. 190, fig. 16.

1951 Pseudoeponides japonica Uchio—Uchio, pp. 38, 39, pl. 3, fig. 1.

1963 Pseudoeponides japonica Uchio—Matsunaga, pl. 45, fig. 7.

1950 Epistomaria miurensis Kuwano, pp. 315, 316, figs. 3, 10.

1951 Pseudoeponides japonicus Uchio—Uchio, pp. 38, 39, pl. 3, fig. 1; Asano (part 14), p. 19, text-figs. 138, 140.

1964 Pseudoeponides japonicus Uchio—LeRoy, p. F39, pl. 9, figs. 20—22.

1967 Pseudoeponides japonicus Uchio—Matoba, pl. 26, fig. 20.

1994 Pseudoeponides japonicus Uchio—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 156, pl. 338, figs. 1—12.

2000 Epistomaria miurensis Kuwano—Scott, Takayanagi, Hasegawa, and Saito, p. 21, figs. 7.137—7.139.

2001 Pseudoeponides japonicus Uchio—Kawagata, p. 101, fig. 12-4.

Remarks. This is one of the commoner species in the Pliocene of Japan. Its taxonomic status once was in confusion since Kuwano (1950) described E. miurensis in the same year as Uchio erected P. japonicus. The date of issue of Uchio’s paper is June 30th, 1950, that of Kuwano’s is September 20th, 1950. These dates appear on the back cover print of each journal. However, what is confusing is that both journals indicate the month of publication to be “June 1950” on the front page. Consequently, the issue date is the single key to decide priority based on the date of publication, even though the description by Uchio (1950) is incomplete in lacking description of type horizon, decision, and repository of type specimens. Kuwano (1950) did provide a systematic description and a fine drawing of specimens. Uchio published an additional description of P. japonicus in 1951.

Occurrence. Common in all the formations of the present study.

Family AMPHISTEGINIDAE Cushman, 1927a
Genus AMPHISTEGINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny
Figures 31.15, 31.16

1826 Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny, p. 304, pl. 17, figs. 1—4.

1865 Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny—Parker, Jones, and Brady, p. 34, pl. 3, figs. 91, 92.

1941 Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 41, pl. 3, figs. 18, 19.

1977 Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny—Larsen, pp. 274, 275, pl. 1, figs. 1—9.

1987 Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 677, figs. 3—5.

1988 Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny—Marle, p. 139, pl. 1, fig. 5.

1992 Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 195, pl. 42, fig. 4.

1994 Amphistegina lessonii sensu Parker, Jones, and Brady—Jones, pp. 109, 110, pl. 111, figs. 2, 4—7.

1994 Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny—Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 156, 157, pl. 340, figs. 1—9.

1995 Amphistegina lessonii d’Orbigny—Ujiié, pp. 68, 69, pl. 11, fig. 3.

Remarks. This large form is a typical shallow-water species. The present specimens are small, up to 0.34 mm in diameter, and have probably been transported by gravity currents from shallower areas.

Occurrence. A single specimen each from two samples of the Minebari Formation.

Superfamily NONIONOIDEA Schultze, 1854
Family NONIONIDAE Schultze, 1854
Subfamily NONIONINAE Schultze, 1854
Genus NONION Montfort, 1808
Nonion japonicum Asano
Figures 31.17, 31.18

1938 Nonion japonicum Asano (b), p. 593, pl. 15, figs. 1, 2.

1959 Nonion japonicum Asano —Graham and Militante, pp. 71, 72, pl. 11, fig. 1.

1964 Nonion japonicum Asano —LeRoy, p. F27, pl. 10, figs. 12, 13.

1989 Florilus japonicus (Asano)—Ōki, pp. 146, 174, pl. 20, fig. 1.

1994 Nonion subturgidum (Cushman)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 158, pl. 343, figs. 1—9 (non Nonionina subturgida Cushman, 1924).

2002 Nonion japonicum Asano —Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 24, pl. 59, fig. 3.

2006 Pseudononion japonicum Asano—Takata, Irizuki, and Ishida, pl. 2, fig. 3 (non Pseudononion japonicum Asano, 1936a).

Remarks. This species is distinguished from N. subturgidum by having numerous chambers and granules in the umbilicus, as described by Asano (1938b).

Occurrence. Common in the Oura, Onogoshi, and Minebari formations.

Genus NONIONELLINA Voloshinova, 1958
Nonionellina labradorica (Dawson)
Figures 31.19, 31.20

1860 Nonionina labradorica Dawson, pp. 191, 192, text-fig. 4.

1938 Nonion scaphum Fichtel and Moll—Asano (b), pp. 593, 594, pl. 15, fig. 4 (non Nautilus scapha Fichtel and Moll, 1798).

1982 Nonionellina labradorica (Dawson)—Saunders and Müller-Merz, pp. 272, 273, pl. 2, figs. 14—18.

1987 Nonionellina labradorica (Dawson)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 689, figs. 8—17.

1988 Nonion scaphum (Fichtel and Moll)—Marle, p. 147, pl. 4, fig. 8.

1989 Nonionellina labradorica (Dawson)—Inoue, pp. 157, 158, pl. 24, fig. 3, pl. 32, fig. 13, pl. 33, fig. 3.

Remarks. Asano (1938b) assigned this species to Nautilus scapha Fichtel and Moll, and his identification was followed in subsequent Japanese works. Nonion scaphum is a senior synonym of Nonionina communis d’Orbigny (1846) as demonstrated by Rögl and Hansen (1984). It is distinguished from N. labradorica in a lesser growth rate and more compressed test.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Genus PSEUDONONION Asano, 1936a
Pseudononion cuevasensis Sauder and Müller-Merz
Figures 31.21, 31.22

1982 Pseudononion cuevasensis Saunders and Müller-Merz, pp. 267, 268, pl. 4, figs. 34—38.

2006 Pseudononion sp. A— Takata, Irizuki, and Ishida, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Diagnosis. A small species with bilaterally compressed test, inflated chambers, and depressed sutures.

Remarks. This species resembles Nonionina grateloupi d’Orbigny, but is differentiatied in having more inflated chambers and a thicker test.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Pseudononion subcostatum Fujita and Ito
Figures 31.23, 31.24

1957 Pseudononion subcostatum Fujita and Ito, p. 510, pl. 10, fig. 1.

Diagnosis. A small species with limbate and curving sutures on both sides of test.

Remarks. This species was originally described from the Miocene of Fukushima, northern Japan. Our material exhibits a slightly more depressed shape, but this is here regarded as variation.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Subfamily ASTRONONIONINAE Saidova, 1981
Genus ASTRONONION Cushman and Edwards, 1937
Astrononion hayamaense Kurihara
Figure 32.1

1971 Astrononion hayamaense Kurihara, p. 140, pl. 15, fig. 8.

Remarks. This species was originally described from the Miocene of central Honshu, Japan. It is characterized by a small size and oval cross section.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Oura Formation.

Astrononion stelligerum (d’Orbigny)
Figure 32.2

1839 Nonionina stelligera d’Orbigny (c), p. 128, pl. 3, figs. 1, 2.

1987 Astrononion stelligerum (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 694, figs. 1, 2, 20, 21.

1989 Astrononion stelligerum (d’Orbigny)—Ōki, pp. 145, 146, pl. 19, fig. 7.

1990 Astrononion stelligerum (d’Orbigny)—Akimoto, p. 192, pl. 15, fig. 8.

1991 Astrononion stelligerum (d’Orbigny)—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, fig. 15-H, 15-I.

1994 Astrononion stelligerum (d’Orbigny)—Jones, p. 107, pl. 109, figs. 3, 4; Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 158, 159, pl. 344, figs. 11—14.

2001 Astrononion stelligerum (d’Orbigny)—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, figs. 15-H, 15-I.

2002 Astrononion stelligerum (d’Orbigny)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 24, pl. 61, fig. 4.

Occurrence. A single juvenile specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Genus FIJINONION Hornibrook, 1964
Fijinonion fijiensis (Cushman and Edwards)
Figures 32.3, 32.4

1937 Astrononion fijiensis Cushman and Edwards, p. 35, pl. 3, figs. 15, 16.

1987 Fijinonion fijiense (Cushman and Edwards)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 694, figs. 15—10.

1994 Fijinonion fijiense (Cushman and Edwards)—Jones, p. 107, pl. 109, figs. 1, 2; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 159, pl. 346, figs. 1—4.

Occurrence. Three specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Genus LAMINONONION Hornibrook, 1964
Laminononion tumidum (Cushman and Edwards)
Figure 32.5

1937 Astrononion tumidum Cushman and Edwards, p. 33, pl. 3, fig. 17.

1987 Laminononion tumidum (Cushman and Edwards)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 694, figs. 16—19.

1994 Laminononion tumidum (Cushman and Edwards)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 159, pl. 346, figs. 5—9.

2001 Laminononion tumidulum (Cushman and Edwards)—Kawagata, p. 103, fig. 13-5.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Yonahama Formation.

Genus PACINONION Vella, 1962
Pacinonion umbilicatulum (Uchio)
Figures 32.6, 32.7

1952 Astrononion umbilicatulum Uchio, p. 36, pl. 32, text-fig. 1.

1963 Astrononion hanyudaense Matsunaga, pp. 108, 109, pl. 35, fig. 8.

1989 Astrononion umbilicatulum Uchio—Inoue, p. 157, pl. 32, fig. 18.

Occurrence. Rare in the Minebari Formation.

Subfamily PULLENIINAE Schwager, 1877
Genus MELONIS de Montfort, 1808
Melonis barleeanum (Williamson)
Figures 32.8, 32.9

1858 Nonionina barleeana Williamson, p. 32, pl. 3, figs. 68, 69.

1960 Nonion parkerae Uchio, p. 60, pl. 4, figs. 9, 10.

1977 Melonis pacificaformis McCulloch, p. 438, pl. 180, fig. 3.

1987 Melonis barleeanum (Williamson)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 696, figs. 5, 6.

1988 Melonis barleeanum (Williamson)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 179, 180, pl. 32, fig. 14.

1989 Melonis parkerae (Uchio)—Inoue, pp. 158, 159, pl. 27, fig. 2, pl. 32, fig. 19.

1990 Melonis barleeanum (Williamson)—Ujiié, p. 52, pl. 29, fig. 4.

1992 Melonis barleeanus (Williamson)—Kaiho, pl. 7, fig. 10; Kaiho and Nishimura, pl. 4, fig. 18.

1994 Melonis barleeanum (Williamson)—Xu and Ujiié, p. 519, pl. 10-6.

1994 Melonis barleeanus (Williamson)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 159, pl. 347, figs. 1—5.

1998 Melonis barleeanum (Williamson)—Hess, pp. 84, 85, pl. 13, fig. 5.

2000 Melonis barleeanum (Williamson)—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 144, pl. 5, fig. 6.

Remarks. As mentioned by Ujiié (1990), the taxonomic relationships among species of Melonis, originally described as Nonionina barleeana Williamson, Nonion pacificum Cushman, Nonion nicobarensis Cushman, and Nonion parkerae Uchio are problematic. We regard N. parkerae Uchio (= Melonis uchioi, a new name to replace the junior homonym by Hasegawa, 1991), as a junior synonym of M. barleeanus.

Occurrence. Common in all the formations of the present study.

Melonis pacificum (Cushman)
Figures 32.10, 32.11

1924 Nonionina umbilicatula (Montagu) var. pacifica Cushman, p. 48, pl. 16, fig. 3.

1933 Nonion pacificum (Cushman)—Cushman(c), p. 44, pl. 10, fig. 9.

1950 Nonion pacificum (Cushman)—Asano (part 1), p. 3, text-figs. 13, 14.

Remarks. This species is characterized by almost non-limbate sutures and inflated chambers. As Ujiié (1990) mentioned the similarity to Melonis barleeanus, chamber inflation and lack of limbation might be a variety of that species, comparable to what has been observed for Hyalinea balthica or Cibicidoides pachyderma in the present study . We retain this nomenclature here, but stress that it should be examined further.

Occurrence. Sporadic in all the formations of the present study.

Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)
Figures 32.12-32.14

1798 Nautilus pompilioides Fichtel and Moll, p. 31, pl. 2, figs. a—c.

1933 Nonion pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)—Cushman (c), pp. 41, 42, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2.

1941 Nonion pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 78, pl. 6, figs. 28, 29.

1964 Nonion pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)—LeRoy, p. F27, pl. 10, figs. 10, 11.

1966 Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)—Belford, pp. 183, 184, pl. 30, figs. 17—20.

1968 Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)—Huang, p. 58, pl. 12, fig. 7.

1984 Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)—Rögl and Hansen, p. 30, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2, pl. 3, fig. 1.

1985 Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)—Papp and Schmid, p. 46, pl. 35, figs. 6, 7, pl. 36, figs. 1—6.

1987 Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 696, figs. 7, 8.

1989 Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)—Hermelin, pp. 88, 89, pl. 17, figs. 13, 14; Inoue, p. 158, pl. 27, fig. 1.

1994 Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll)—Jones, p. 108, pl. 109, figs. 10, 11; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 159, pl. 347, figs. 8—10.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi and Yonahama formations.

Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones in Carpenter, Parker, and Jones, 1862
Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)
Figures 32.15, 32.16

1846 Nonionina bulloides d’Orbigny, p. 107, pl. 5, figs. 9, 10.

1964 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy, p. F41, pl. 10, figs. 30, 31.

1965 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Todd, p. 48, pl. 18, fig. 6.

1977 Pullenia cf. bulloides (d’Orbigny)—McCulloch, pp. 435, 436, pl. 171, fig. 2.

1984 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Rögl and Hansen, pl. 30, figs. 5, 6.

1985 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Papp and Schmid, p. 45, pl. 34, figs. 6—9.

1988 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 176, pl. 32, figs. 6, 7; Marle, p. 148, pl. 3, fig. 4.

1989 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Hermelin, pp. 78, 79, pl. 15, figs. 4, 5.

1990 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Ujiié, pp. 42, 43, pl. 23, figs. 1, 2.

1994 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Jones, p. 92, pl. 84, figs. 11, 12.

1995 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Ujiié, p. 70, pl. 12, fig. 6.

1998 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Hess, p. 87, pl. 13, figs. 9, 10.

2000 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 144, pl. 5, fig. 9.

2001 Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny)—Hayward, figs. 16-T, 16-U.

Remarks. Loeblich and Tappan (1994) identified spherical species of Pullenia quite similar to P. bulloides as Pullenia bikiniensis McCulloch (1977). Pullenia bikiniensis is regarded a junior synonym of Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss) in the present study. Pullenia bikiniensis of Loeblich and Tappan (1994) resembles P. bulloides in a broadly rounded periphery but is distinguished from the typical form in having four chambers in the ultimate whorl rather than five, and probably constitutes a different species.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss)
Figures 32.17, 32.18

1851 Nonionina quinqueloba Reuss, p. 71, pl. 5, fig. 31.

1944 Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss)—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 90, pl. 4, figs. 18, 19.

1977 Pullenia bikiniensis McCulloch, p. 435, pl. 171, fig. 3.

1988 Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss)—Marle, p. 148, pl. 3, fig. 5.

1989 Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss)—Ōki, p. 149, pl. 20, fig. 7.

1990 Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss)—Ujiié, p. 43, pl. 24, figs. 1—5.

1994 Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss)—Jones, p. 92, pl. 84, figs. 14, 15.

1994 Pullenia borealis Saidova—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 160, pl. 348, figs. 1—6 (?non Pullenia borealis Saidova, 1975).

1998 Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss)—Hess, p. 87, pl. 13, figs. 11, 12.

2000 Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss)—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 144, pl. 5, fig. 4.

2002 Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, p. 24, pl. 62, fig. 1.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Superfamily CHILOSTOMELLOIDEA Brady, 1881
Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE Brady, 1881
Subfamily CHILOSTOMELLINAE Brady, 1881
Genus CHILOSTOMELLA Reuss in Cžjžek, 1849
Chilostomella cushmani Chapman
Figure 32.19

1941 Chilostomella cushmani Chapman, p. 177, pl. 8, fig. 9, pl. 9, fig. 6.

1944 Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 38, pl. 4, figs. 34, 35.

1964 Chilostomella oolina Schwager—LeRoy, p. F41, pl. 2, fig. 39 (non Chilostomella oolina Schwager, 1878).

1978 Chilostomella cushmani Chapman—Hofker, p. 45, pl. 5, fig. 6.

1988 Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 176, 177, pl. 32, fig. 8 (non Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss, 1850).

1989 Chilostomella oolina Schwager—Inoue, pl. 32, fig. 12.

1990 Chilostomella cushmani Chapman—Ujiié, p. 41, pl. 22, figs. 3, 4.

1992 Chilostomella oolina Schwager—Kaiho, pl. 7, figs. 7, 8; Kaiho and Nishimura, pl. 4, fig. 15.

1994 Chilostomella oolina Schwager—Jones, p. 61, pl. 55, figs. 12—14, 17, 18.

1994 Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss—Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 160, 161, pl. 350, figs. 1—3.

2000 Chilostomella oolina Schwager—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 139, pl. 2, fig. 15.

Remarks. Considerable confusion exists among C. cushmani, C. ovoidea, and C. oolina. Chilostomella oolina is distinguished from the other two in having a much more slender shape. Chilostomella ovoidea was originally described from the Miocene; the name has been applied by many workers for Recent specimens. Chilostomella ovoidea has a more inflated and ovoid form than C. cushmani.

Occurrence. Three specimens from a single sample of the Minebari Formation.

Family ALABAMINIDAE Hofker, 1951
Genus ALABAMINA Toulmin, 1941
Alabaminajaponica (Asano)
Figure 32.20

1949 Pseudoparella japonica Asano, p. 429, text-figs. 2—4.

2004 Pseudoparella japonica Asano—Scott, Takayanagi, Hasegawa, and Saito, p. 31, figs. 11.218, 11.219.

Remarks. We follow Takayanagi and Hasegawa (1987) as far as the generic placement of this species is concerned. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other reports except of the two mentioned above, both using the original type specimens at Tohoku University. Therefore, the range of variation is unknown. Ujiié et al. (1983) regarded this species to be synonymous with Epistominella pacifica (Cushman), but that is a distinct species in a different genus .

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

Family OSANGULARIIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1964
Genus OSANGULARIA Brotzen, 1940
Osangularia culter (Parker and Jones)
Figures 32.21, 32.22

1865 Planorbulina farcata (Fichtel and Moll) var. ungeriana (d’Orbigny) subvar. culter Parker and Jones, pp. 382, 421, pl. 19, fig. 1.

1964 Osangularia bengalensis (Schwager)—LeRoy, p. F38, pl. 9, figs. 32, 33 (non Anomalina bengalensis Schwager, 1866).

1965 Osangularia culter (Parker and Jones)—Todd, pp. 25, 26, pl. 15, fig. 1.

1966 Osangularia culter (Parker and Jones)—Belford, pp. 175, 176, pl. 35, figs. 1—5.

1968 Osangularia bengalensis (Schwager)—Huang, p. 57, pl. 12, figs. 13, 14.

1988 Osangularia culter (Parker and Jones)—Marle, p. 148, pl. 2, figs. 18—20.

1990 Osangularia bengalensis (Schwager)—Ujiié, p. 49, pl. 28, fig. 7.

1992 Osangularia bengalensis (Schwager)—Kaiho and Nishimura, pl. 4, fig. 17.

1994 Osangularia bengalensis (Schwager)—Jones, p. 100, pl. 96, fig. 3.

1995 Osangularia bengalensis (Schwager)—Ujiié, p. 71, pl. 13, fig. 1.

1998 Osangularia culter (Parker and Jones)—Hess, p. 86, pl. 14, figs. 11, 12.

Remarks. This species has been listed as Osangularia bengalensis in many reports. Revets (1996b) discussed that the type “bengalensis” has supplementary trematopores on the apertural face and concluded that it belonged to the genus Cribroparella.

Occurrence. Common in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Family ORIDORSALIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1984
Genus ORIDORSALIS Andersen, 1961
Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss)
Figures 32.23, 32.24

1851 Rotalia umbonata Reuss, p. 75, pl. 5, fig. 35.

1884 Truncatulina tenera Brady, p. 665, pl. 95, fig. 11.

1921 Pulvinulina umbonata (Reuss)—Cushman, pp. 339, 340, pl. 71, fig. 1.

1941 Eponides umbonatus (Reuss)—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 84, pl. 3, figs. 19—21.

1944 Eponides umbonatus (Reuss)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 34, pl. 2, figs. 22—24.

1964 Pseudoeponides umbonatus (Reuss)—LeRoy, p. F39, pl. 7, figs. 33—38.

1966 Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss)—Belford, pp. 172, 173, pl. 30, figs. 1—6, text-figs. 22-4, 22-5.

1988 Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss)—Marle, p. 148, pl. 3, figs. 10, 15.

1989 Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss)—Inoue, p. 158, pl. 24, fig. 13.

1989 Oridorsalis tener (Brady)—Ōki, p. 149, pl. 20, fig. 8.

1990 Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss)—Akimoto, p. 206, pl. 24, fig. 4; Ujiié, pp. 48, 49, pl. 28, figs. 1—6, text-fig. 4.

1994 Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss)—Xu and Ujiié, pp. 518, 519, figs. 10-1, 10-2; Akimoto, p. 285, pl. 3, fig. 5.

1994 Oridorsalis umbonata (Reuss)—Jones, p. 99, pl. 95, fig. 11, p. 104, pl. 105, fig. 2.

1995 Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss)—Ujiié, pl. 8, figs. 3, 4.

1998 Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss)—Hess, pp. 85, 86, pl. 14, figs. 9, 10.

2000 Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss)—Ohkushi, Thomas, and Kawahata, p. 144, pl. 5, fig. 1.

2001 Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss)—Hayward, Carter, Grenfell, and Hayward, figs.16-R, 16-S.

Remarks. Ujiié (1990) distinguished Eponides tenerus (Brady) and Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss) based on the supplementary aperture in dorsal sutures. We regard these two as synonyms; there is variation in the development of supplementary apertures, which conforms with the description supplied by Loeblich and Tappan (1987).

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Family HETEROLEPIDAE González-Dosono, 1969
Genus ANOMALINOIDES Brotzen, 1942
Anomalinoides glabratus (Cushman)
Figures 33.1, 33.2

1924 Anomalina glabrata Cushman, p. 39, pl. 12, figs. 5—7.

1941 Anomalina glabrata Cushman—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 88, pl. 3, figs. 16—18; LeRoy (Part 3), p. 119, pl. 2, figs. 19—21.

1944 Anomalina glabrata Cushman—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 92, pl. 6, figs. 16—18.

1959 Anomalina glabrata Cushman—Graham and Militante, p. 115, pl. 19, fig. 8.

1964 Anomalina glabrata Cushman—LeRoy, p. F43, pl. 6, figs. 8—10.

1966 Anomalina glabrata Cushman—Belford, p. 177, pl. 32, figs. 1—7.

1989 Anomalina glabrata Cushman—Ōki, pl. 21, fig. 4.

Remarks. The genus Anomalina is problematic because d'Orbigny did not assign a holotype for its type species, A. punctulata, no specimens from the type area can be located, and d'Orbigny's original figures were not clear. Hansen and Rögl (1980) suggested that the use of this genus be suppressed, and we follow their convention here.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations, rare in the Yonahama Formation.

Anomalinoides globulosus (Chapman and Parr)
Figures 33.3, 33.4

1937 Anomalina globulosa Chapman and Parr, p. 117, pl. 9, fig. 27.

1968 Anomalina globulosa Chapman and Parr—Huang, p. 55, pl. 12, fig. 17.

1989 Anomalinoides globulosa (Chapman and Parr)—Hermelin, pp. 84, 85, pl. 17, figs. 1, 5.

1992 Anomalinoides globulosa (Chapman and Parr)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), pp. 197, 198, pl. 43, fig. 4.

1992 Anomalinoides globulosus (Chapman and Parr)—Kaiho, pl. 6, fig. 1.

1994 Anomalinoides globulosa (Chapman and Parr)—Akimoto, p. 283, pl. 3, fig. 13.

1994 Cibicidoides globulosus (Chapman and Parr)—Jones, p. 98, pl. 94, figs. 4, 5.

1994 Anomalinoides globulosus (Chapman and Parr)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 162, pl. 354, figs. 1—13, pl. 355, figs. 4—13.

1998 Anomalinoides globulosus (Chapman and Parr)—Hess, p. 75, pl. 16, figs. 13, 14.

Occurrence. Twenty-four specimens from a single sample of the Onogoshi Formation.

Genus HETEROLEPA Franzenau, 1884
Heterolepa dutemplei (d'Orbigny)
Figures 33.5-33.7

1846 Rotalina dutemplei d’Orbigny, p. 157, pl. 8, figs. 19—21.

1950 Cibicides subhaidingerii Parr, p. 364, pl. 15, fig. 7.

1966 ‘Eponides’ subhaidingeri (Parr)—Belford, pp. 129, 130, pl. 16, figs. 7—13.

1985 Heterolepa dutemplei (d’Orbigny)—Papp and Schmid, pp. 57, 58, pl. 46, figs. 5—9, p. 59, pl. 50, figs. 1—3, p. 61, pl. 52, figs. 1—6.

1988 Heterolepa dutemplei (d’Orbigny)—Marle, p. 145, pl. 1, figs. 11—13.

1989 Heterolepa subhaidingerii (Parr)—Inoue, pl. 21, fig. 1, pl. 31, fig. 1.

1989 Cibicidoides? subhaidingerii (Parr)—Ōki, p. 152, pl. 22, fig. 1.

1990 Heterolepa subhaidingerii (Parr)—Akimoto, p. 201, pl. 23, fig. 3.

1994 Cibicidoides subhaidingerii (Parr)—Jones, p. 99, pl. 95, fig. 7.

1994 Heterolepa subhaidingerii (Parr)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 163, pl. 359, figs. 1—13.

1996 Heterolepa dutemplei (d’Orbigny)—Revets (b), p. 67, pl. 2, figs. 9—12.

2002 Heterolepa subhaidingerii (Parr)—Akimoto, Matsui, Shimokawa, and Furukawa, pp. 19, 20, pl. 51, fig. 1.

Remarks. This is one of the more commonly found large benthic foraminifera in shallow to bathyal seas off Japanese Islands in the southwest. It shows a wide range of variation in the acuteness of the periphery and test convexity. Papp and Schmid (1985) reillustrated d’Orbigny’s (1846) specimens of Rotalina Kalembergensis, Rotalina Haidingerii, and Rotalina Dutemplei, and concluded that H. dutemplei was a senior synonym.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Oura and Onogoshi formations, sporadic in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Heterolepa praecincta (Karrer)
Figures 33.8, 33.9

1868 Rotalina praecincta Karrer, p. 189, pl. 5, fig. 7.

1941 Eponides praecinctus (Karrer)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 39, pl. 1, figs. 66—68; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 83, pl. 3, figs. 25—27.

1944 Eponides praecinctus (Karrer)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 34, pl. 2, fig. 31—33, pl. 6, figs. 22—24, pl.7, figs. 25—27; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 89, pl. 5, figs. 4—6.

1966 ‘ Eponides’ praecinctus (Karrer)—Belford, pp. 125, 126, pl. 16, figs. 1—6.

1977 Cibicidoides (?) cf. praecinctus (Karrer)—McCulloch, p. 446, pl. 152, fig. 11.

1988 Heterolepa praecincta (Karrer)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 179, pl. 33, fig. 13.

1994 Neoeponides praecinctus (Karrer)—Jones, p. 99, pl. 95, figs. 1—3.

1994 Heterolepa praecincta (Karrer)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 163, pl. 360, figs. 1—10.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations, rare in the Yonahama Formation.

Family GAVELINELLIDAE Hofker, 1956a
Subfamily GYROIDINOIDINAE Saidova, 1981
Genus GYROIDINOIDES Brotzen, 1942
Gyroidinoides altiformis (Stewart and Stewart)
Figures 33.10, 33.11

1930 Gyroidina soldanii d’Orbigny var. altiformis Stewart and Stewart, p. 67, pl. 9, fig. 2.

1959 Gyroidinoides altiformis (R.E. and K.C. Stewart)—Blow, pp. 160, 161, pl. 7, fig. 27.

1964 Gyroidina altiformis R.E. and K.C. Stewart—LeRoy, p. F37, pl. 7, figs. 7—9.

1966 Gyroidina acuta Boomgaart—Belford, pp. 165, 167, pl. 28, figs. 1—9, text-figs. 21-6, 21-7.

1968 Gyroidina acuta Boomgaart—Huang, p. 57, pl. 13, fig. 1 (non Gyroidina neosoldanii Brotzen var. acuta Boomgaart, 1949? MS).

1989 Gyroidina altiformis R.E. and K.C. Stewart—Hermelin, p. 81, pl. 15, figs. 13—15; Inoue, pl. 22, fig. 1.

1994 Gyroidina altiformis R.E. and K.C. Stewart—Akimoto, p. 284, pl. 5, fig. 1.

Remarks. Barbieri (1991) described two subspecies: Gyroidinoides altiformis altiformis (Stewart and Stewart) and Gyroidinoides altiformis acutus (Boomgaart). Our material matches feature of the subspecies altiformis.

Occurrence. Common in the Oura and Onogoshi formations, rare in the Minebari Formation.

Gyroidinoides broeckhiana (Karrer)
Figures 33.12, 33.13

1878 Rotalina broeckhiana Karrer, p. 98, pl. 5, fig. 26.

1966 Gyroidina broeckhiana (Karrer)—Belford, pp. 167, 168, pl. 29, figs. 1—7, text-figs. 21-10, 21-11.

1968 Gyroidina broeckhiana (Karrer)—Huang, p. 57, pl. 13, figs. 6, 10.

1998 Gyroidina broeckhiana (Karrer)—Hess, p. 82, pl. 15, figs. 10, 11.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama Formation, common in the Minebari Formation.

Gyroidinoides aff. gemmus (Bandy)
Figures 34.1, 34.2

Compared with:

1953 Gyroidina gemma Bandy, p. 179, pl. 23, fig. 4.

Remarks. This species is closely related to Gyroidina gemma Bandy and Gyroidinoides kawagatai Ujiié (1995), but can be distinguished from both species by its radiate dorsal sutures and apertural slit-opening which reaches the umbilicus. We could not find a named species to refer this form to.

Occurrence. Rare in the Onogoshi, Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Gyroidinoides soldanii (d'Orbigny)
Figures 34.3, 34.4

1826 Gyroidina soldanii d’Orbigny, p. 278.

1936 Gyroidina neosoldanii Brotzen, p. 158.

1941 Gyroidina soldanii (d’Orbigny)—LeRoy (Part 1), p. 38, pl. 1, figs. 40—42; LeRoy (Part 2), p. 83, pl. 4, figs. 19—21.

1964 Gyroidina neosoldanii Brotzen—LeRoy, p. F37, pl. 7, figs. 4—6.

1977 Gyroidina cf. neosoldanii Brotzen—McCulloch, pp. 371, 372, pl. 139, figs. 5—8.

1985 Gyroidina soldanii d’Orbigny—Papp and Schmid, p. 60, pl. 50, fig. 109.

1989 Gyroidina neosoldanii Brotzen—Hermelin, p. 81, pl. 15, figs. 16—18.

1990 Gyroidina neosoldanii Brotzen—Ujiié, p. 46, pl. 25, fig. 6, pl. 26, figs. 1, 2.

1992 Gyroidinoides neosoldanii (Brotzen)—Kaiho, pl. 8, fig. 10; Kaiho and Nishimura, pl. 5, fig. 8.

1994 Gyroidinoides soldanii Brotzen—Jones, p. 106, pl. 107, figs. 6, 7.

1994 Gyroidina pulisukensis (Saidova)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 164, pl. 363, figs. 1—7 (non Gyroidinus pulisukensis Saidova, 1975).

Remarks.Hansenisca soldanii (d’Orbigny) of Loeblich and Tappan (1987, 1994) does not appear to be conspecific with Gyroidina soldanii of Papp and Schmid (1985), who restudied the type specimens of d’Orbigny. Hansenisca soldanii of Loeblich and Tappan (1987, 1994) shows a broadly opened umbilicus and slit-like opening along the dorsal side of the ultimate whorl.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Gyroidinoides sp. A
Figures 34.5, 34.6

Description. Test small for the genus; plano-convex; umbilical side more convex; umbilicus almost closed but depressed; chambers slightly inflated; sutures slightly depressed, and those of dorsal side strongly curved backwards and those of umbilical side radiating; aperture at interio-marginal slit extending from periphery to umbilicus; surface smooth and very finely perforated.

Remarks. This species is distinguished from congeners in having strongly curved sutures on the dorsal side; however, its small size suggests that this species might represent the juvenile stage of another species of Gyroidinoides.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Subfamily GAVELINELLINAE Hofker, 1956a
Genus GYROIDINA d’Orbigny, 1826
Gyroidina nipponica Ishizaki
Figures 34.7, 34.8

1944 Gyroidina nipponica Ishizaki, p. 102, pl. 3, fig. 3.

1964 Gyroidina nipponica Ishizaki—LeRoy, p. F37, pl. 7, figs. 13—15.

1988 Gyroidina nipponica Ishizaki—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 177, pl. 32, figs. 9, 10.

1989 Gyroidinoides nipponicus (Ishizaki)—Ōki, pp. 150, 151, pl. 21, fig. 3; Inoue, pl. 22, fig. 2, pl. 31, fig. 11.

1990 Gyroidinoides nipponicus (Ishizaki)—Akimoto, p. 201, pl. 21, fig. 4; Ujiié, p. 47, pl. 27, fig. 1.

1994 Gyroidinoides nipponicus (Ishizaki)—Akimoto, p. 284, pl. 3, fig. 4.

Remarks. This species has an involute umbilicus and is different from Gyroidinoides.

Occurrence. Common in the Onogoshi, Yonahama, and Minebari formations.

Gyroidina sp. A
Figures 34.9, 34.10

Description. Test biconvex, umbilical side slightly more convex; six to seven chambers in final whorl; sutures on dorsal side gently curved backwards and radiating on umbilical side, not depressed; periphery round to subacute; umbilicus closed; aperture interiomarginal in the middle of apertural face; surface smooth and finely perforated.

Remarks. Due to poor preservation of specimens, we tentatively distinguish this species as sp. A.

Occurrence. A single specimen each from the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus HANZAWAIA Asano, 1944
Hanzawaia asterizana (Fichtel and Moll)
Figures 34.11, 34.12

1798 Nautilus asterizans Fichtel and Moll, p. 37, pl. 3, figs. e—h.

1949 Hanzawaia tagaensis Asano, p. 430, text-figs. 2-28—2-32.

1951 Hanzawaia tagaensis Asano—Asano (part 13), p. 16, text-figs. 27—29.

1964 Anomalina bradyi Said —LeRoy, pp. F43, F44, pl. 6, figs. 12—14 (non Anomalina brady Said, 1949).

1984 Hanzawaia asterizans (Fichtel and Moll)—Rögl and Hansen, pp. 34, 35, pl. 8, figs. 1—3, text-fig 9.

2000 Hanzawaia asterizans (Fichtel and Moll)—Scott, Takayanagi, Hasegawa, and Saito, p. 26, figs. 9.172, 9.173.

Remarks.Hanzawaia tagaensis, a junior synonym of this species, was originally described from the Miocene of Fukushima, but is also found in Recent sediments as mentioned by Asano (1951).

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Hanzawaia cf. coronata (Heron-Allen and Earland)
Figure 34.13

Compared with:

1994 Hanzawaia coronata (Heron-Allen and Earland)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 164, pl. 366, figs. 1—15.

Remarks. Our single specimen is a small juvenile; critical identification is difficult.

Occurrence. Yonahama Formation.

Hanzawaia nipponica Asano
Figures 34.14, 34.15

1944 Hanzawaia nipponica Asano, p. 99, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2.

1964 Hanzawaia nipponica Asano—LeRoy, p. F46, pl. 9, figs. 28, 29.

1988 Hanzawaia nipponica Asano—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 178, pl. 33, figs. 1—5; Marle, p. 145, pl. 1, figs. 19, 20.

1989 Hanzawaia nipponica Asano—Ōki, p. 152, pl. 22, fig. 3; Inoue, pl. 20, fig. 10.

1990 Hanzawaia nipponica Asano—Akimoto, p. 201, pl. 20, fig. 4.

1994 Hanzawaia nipponica Asano—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 164, pl. 363, figs. 8—13.

1996 Hanzawaia nipponica Asano—Revets (b), pp. 66, 67, pl. 2, figs. 5—8.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Oura Formation, sporadic in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Superfamily ROTALIOIDEA Ehrenberg, 1839
Family ROTALIIDAE Ehrenberg, 1839
Subfamily CUVILLIERININAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1964
Genus PARAROTALIA Le Calvez, 1949
Pararotalia cf. nipponica (Asano)
Figures 35.1, 35.2

Compared with:

1936 Rotalia nipponica Asano (b), p. 614, pl. 31, fig. 2.

Remarks. The present specimens are juvenile, and not suited for critical identification. The juvenile stage of Pararotalia nipponica has peripheral spines which disappear in the adult stage (e.g., Ujiié, 1966).

Occurrence. Two specimens from a single sample of Minebari Formation.

Subfamily AMMONIINAE Saidova, 1981
Genus AMMONIA Brünnich, 1772
Ammonia maruhasii (Kuwano)
Figure 35.3-35.6

1950 Rotalia maruhasii Kuwano, pp. 314, 315, text-figs. 2, 8.

1968 Ammonia ketienziensis angulata (Kuwano)—Huang, p. 55, pl. 12, figs. 8a, b (non Streblus ketienziensis Ishizaki, 1948).

1988 Ammonia maruhasii (Kuwano)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 166, 167, pl. 26, figs. 14, 15, pl. 27, fig. 11.

Remarks. High trochospiral variation is included in this species. This species is distinguished from Rotalia ketienziensis Ishizaki in the lesser number of chambers, radial sutures, and less developed umbilical ornament. It also distinguished from Rotalia ketienziensis angulata Kuwano in having a more rounded periphery and radial sutures. It might be a Pliocene ancestral form of these modern Ammonia species.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Oura and Onogoshi formations, common in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Ammonia parkinsoniana (d'Orbigny)
Figures 35.7, 35.8

1839 Rosalina parkinsoniana d’Orbigny (a), p. 99, pl. 4, figs. 25—27.

1959 “Rotalia” parkinsoniana (d’Orbigny)—Graham and Militante, p. 101, pl. 15, fig. 11.

1994 Ammonia parkinsoniana (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 165, pl. 368, figs. 7—16.

Remarks. We tentatively assign this small low-trochospiral Ammonia to the present species mainly based on comparison with figures of Loeblich and Tappan (1994) . Ammonia is one of the most taxonomically complex groups, and we must await detailed taxonomic studies such as the one performed by Hayward et al. (2004) using a molecular approach.

Occurrence. Common in the upper part of Yonahama Formation and the Minebari Formation.

Genus ASTEROROTALIA Hofker, 1950
Asterorotalia pulchella (d'Orbigny)
Figures 35.9, 35.10

1839 Rotalina (Calcarena) pulchella d’Orbigny (a), p. 80.

1933 Rotalia trispinosa Thalmann, p. 248.

1951 Rotalia trispinosa Thalmann—Asano (part 14), p. 17, text-fig. 127.

1964 Asterorotalia trispinosa (Thalmann)—LeRoy, p. F39, pl. 6, figs. 18, 19.

1977 Asterorotalia cf. trispinosa (Thalmann)—McCulloch, pp. 425, 426, pl. 152, figs. 1—3.

1992 Asterorotalia trispinosa (Thalmann)—Kadar, pp. 250, 253, fig. 6-8.

1994 Asterorotalia pulchella (d’Orbigny)—Jones, p. 114, pl. 115, fig. 8.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Oura Formation, sporadic in the Onogoshi and Minebari formations.

Genus ROTALINOIDES Saidova, 1975
Rotalinoides compressiuscula (Brady)
Figures 35.11, 35.12

1884 Rotalia papillosa var. compressiuscula Brady, p. 708, pl. 107, figs. 1, 3.

1988 Ammonia compressiuscula (Brady)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng and Chen, p. 167, pl. 27, fig. 3, pl. 34, figs. 6—10.

1994 Rotalinoides compressiuscula (Brady)—Jones, p. 106, pl. 107, figs. 1, 3.

2001 Pseudorotalia compressiusculus (Brady)—Kawagata, p. 112, fig. 16-6.

2006 Pseudorotalia gaimardii compressiuscula (Brady)—Takata, Irizuki, and Ishida, pl. 2, fig. 2.

Occurrence. Abundant in the Oura Formation, sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Rotalinoides gaimardii (Fornasini)
Figures 36.1, 36.2

1826 Rotalia (Turbinulina) gaimardii d’Orbigny, p. 275 (nomen nudum ).

1884 Rotalia papillosa Brady, p. 708, pl. 106, fig. 9.

1906 Turbinulina gaimardii Fornasini, pp. 67, 70.

1951 Rotalia cf. papillosa Brady—Asano (part 14), p. 15, text-figs. 118, 119.

1966 Pseudorotalia gaimardi (d’Orbigny)—Belford, pp. 115, 116, pl. 20, figs. 5—11.

1987 Rotalinoides gaimardii (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, pl. 773, figs. 1—8.

1988 Ammonia gaimardii (d’Orbigny)—Marle, p. 139, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5.

1989 Pseudorotalia gaimardii (d’Orbigny)—Ōki, p. 133, pl. 16, fig. 2; Inoue, pp. 153, 154, pl. 20, fig. 1.

1990 Pseudorotalia gaimardii (d’Orbigny)—Akimoto, p. 208, pl. 21, fig. 2.

1992 Asterorotalia gaimardi (d’Orbigny)—Kadar, p. 252, fig. 8-3.

1994 Rotalinoides gaimardii (Fornasini)—Jones, p. 106, pl. 106, fig. 9.

1994 Asterorotalia gaimardi (d’Orbigny)—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 166, pl. 372, figs. 1—7.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Oura, Onogoshi, and Minebari formations.

Family ELPHIDIIDAE Galloway, 1933
Subfamily ELPHIDIINAE Galloway, 1933
Genus CRIBROELPHIDIUM Cushman and Brönnimann, 1948
Cribroelphidium clavatum (Cushman)
Figures 36.3, 36.4

1930 Elphidium incertum (Williamson) var. clavatum Cushman, p. 20, pl. 7, fig. 10.

1992 Elphidium clavatum Cushman—Ōki and Yamamoto, p. 200, figs. 5-6.

Remarks. Genus Cribroelphidium is distinguished from Elphidium in rounded and perforate periphery . Cribrate apertural pores are based on the experience of the first author appears also in Elphidium.

Occurrence. Sporadic in the Minebari Formation.

Cribroelphidium subincertum (Asano)
Figures 36.5, 36.6

1950 Elphidium subincertum Asano (part 1), p. 10, text-figs. 56, 57.

1988 Cribroelphidium subincertum (Asano)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, pp. 168, 169, pl. 28, figs. 1—4.

1989 Elphidium subincertum Asano—Ōki, pl. 16, fig. 10.

2000 Cribrononion subincertum (Asano)—Kim and Kucera, fig. 3.6.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Cribroelphidium sp. A
Figures 36.7, 36.8

Description. Test small for the genus, planispiral and involute, both sidesalmost parallel, five chambers in final whorl; chambers inflated; sutures depressed and retral process appearing as small pores; umbilical area filled by shell material; periphery broadly rounded; aperture interiomarginal slit; surface smooth and moderately perforated.

Remarks. We could not find a named species to refer this to. It is characterized mainly by the small number of chambers in a whorl and the inflated, thick test.

Occurrence. Rare in the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Genus ELPHIDIUM de Montfort, 1808
Elphidium advenum (Cushman)
Figures 36.9, 36.10

1922 Polystomella advena Cushman (a), p. 56, pl. 9, figs. 11, 12.

1933 Elphidium advenum (Cushman)—Cushman (c), p. 50, pl. 12, figs. 1—3.

1937 Elphidium subcrispum Nakamura, p. 139, pl.11, fig. 8.

1959 Elphidium advena (Cushman)—Graham and Militante, p. 73, pl. 11, figs. 7, 8.

1964 Elphidium tikutoense Nakamura—LeRoy, p. F28, pl. 10, figs. 3, 4 (non Elphidium tikutoense Nakamura, 1937).

1977 Elphidium(?) singaporense McCulloch, p. 224, pl. 97, fig. 2.

1988 Elphidium advenum (Cushman)—Wang, Zhang, Zhao, Min, Bian, Zheng, Cheng, and Chen, p. 170, pl. 29, figs. 1, 2; Marle, p. 143, pl. 1, fig. 6.

1989 Elphidium advenum (Cushman)—Ōki, pp. 133, 134, 173, pl. 16, fig. 2; Inoue, pl. 20, fig. 5.

1990 Elphidium advena (Cushman)—Akimoto, p. 197, pl. 7, fig. 1.

1992 Elphidium advenum (Cushman)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 203, pl. 49, figs. 3, 4; Ōki and Yamamoto, p. 200, fig. 5-5.

1994 Elphidium advenum (Cushman)—Jones, p. 108, pl. 110, fig. 1; Loeblich and Tappan, p. 168, pl. 379, figs. 1—4.

2000 Elphidium advenum (Cushman)—Kim and Kucera, fig. 3.7.

Occurrence. Common in the Minebari Formation.

Elphidium crispum (Linnaeus)
Figures 36.11, 36.12

1758 Nautilus crispus Linnaeus, p. 709.

1933 Elphidium crispum (Linné)—Cushman (c), p. 47, pl. 11, fig. 4.

1944 Elphidium fax barbarense Nicol, p. 178, pl. 29, figs. 10—12.

1964 Elphidium fax barbarense Nicol—LeRoy, p. F28, pl. 10, figs. 1, 2.

1984 Elphidium crispum (Linné)—Rögl and Hansen, p. 37, pl. 8, fig. 7, text-fig. 10.

1985 Elphidium crispum (Linné)—Papp and Schmid, pp. 50, 51, pl. 40, figs. 5—8.

1989 Elphidium crispum (Linné)—Ōki, pp. 134, 135, pl. 16, fig. 4; Inoue, pl. 30, fig. 5.

1990 Elphidium crispum (Linné)—Ujiié, pl. 32, fig. 5.

1992 Elphidium crispum (Linné)—Hatta and Ujiié (b), p. 203, pl. 49, fig. 5.

1994 Elphidium crispum (Linné)—Jones, p. 109, pl. 110, figs. 6, 7; Loeblich and Tappan, pp. 168, 169, pl. 378, figs. 4—6.

Occurrence. Two specimens each from samples of the Yonahama and Minebari formations.

Elphidium aff. neosimplex McCulloch
Figures 36.13, 36.14

Compared with:

1977 Elphidium neosimplex McCulloch, p. 233, pl. 97, fig. 9.

1994 Elphidium neosimplex McCulloch—Loeblich and Tappan, p. 169, pl. 381, figs. 6—11.

Remarks. The present form closely resembles E. neosimplex in the lenticular morphology and pitted retral process, yet it is distinguished by its large test size, numerous chambers, and non-depressed umbilicus.

Occurrence. Rare in the Oura and Onogoshi formations.

Elphidium planulatum (Lamarck)
Figure 36.15

1798 Nautilus strigilatus varietus α Fichtel and Moll, p. 68, pl. 10, figs. e—g.

1822 Polystomella planulara Lamarck, p. 625.

1941 Elphidium aff. jenseni (Cushman)—LeRoy (Part 2), p. 78, pl. 6, figs. 32, 33.

1984 Elphidium planulatum (Lamarck)—Rögl and Hansen, pp. 49, 50, pl. 13, figs. 7, 8, pl. 14, figs. 1, 3, 4, text-fig. 18A.

Remarks. This species is characterized by a strongly compressed test with numerous chambers. Material from Miyakojima Island is broken and suggests transportation from shallower seas.

Occurrence. A single specimen from the Minebari Formation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Haruna Koike prepared study materials through the Graduate and Master Course of Faculty of Education at Shizuoka University. The authors are indebted to the faculty staff for fruitful advice and encouragement. We express our special thanks to Dr. J. Jagt and Dr. E. Jagt-Yazykova for help us improving manuscript. We also thank anynymous reviewers for their valuable comments.

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