FIGURE 1. 1, localisation of the African fossiliferous localities that yielded Paleocene and Eocene hyaenodonts (see Table 1); 1: Ouled Abdoun Basin (Morocco); 2: Ouarzazate Basin (Morocco); 3: El Kohol (Algeria); 4: Gour Lazib (Algeria); 5: Chambi (Tunisia); 6: Black Crow locality from Sperrgebiet (Namibia); 7: Bir el Ater (Algeria); 8: Dur at-Talah (Libya); 9: Fayum Province = Birket Qarun Locality 2, Jebel Qatrani, and Qasr el-Sagha Formation (Egypt); 10: Taqah (Oman). 2, correlation of Eocene localities including hyaenodonts (see Table 1) [adapted from Coster et al. (2012, figure 1) and Seiffert (2010, figure 2.1)]. The black circles ( 1) and the names in Bold Italic ( 2) identify the localities under study. Abbreviations: Barton.= Bartonian; Priabon.= Priabonian; Seland.= Selandian; Thanet.= Thanetian.

FIGURE 2. Furodon crocheti Solé et al., 2014b from Chambi CBI-1 (Tunisia). 1-2, CBI-1-550, right P2 in lingual ( 1) and occlusal ( 2) views. 3-4, CBI-1-551, right maxillary fragment bearing a P2 in labial ( 3) and occlusal ( 4 ) views. 5-6, CBI-1-552, right M1 in labial ( 5) and occlusal ( 6) views. 7-9, CBI-1-612, right dp3 in lingual ( 7), labial ( 8) and occlusal ( 9) views. 10-12, CBI-1-554, left m3 in lingual ( 10), labial ( 11) and occlusal ( 12) views. 13-15, CBI-1-553, right m1 in lingual ( 13), labial ( 14) and occlusal ( 15) views. Abbreviations: Hd, Hypoconulid; Par., Paraconid; Pro., Protoconid; Psd, Protostylid. Scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Parvavorodon gheerbranti Solé et al., 2014b from Chambi CBI-1 (Tunisia). 1-2, CBI-1-555, left P3 in labial ( 1) and occlusal ( 2) views. 3-4, CBI-1-556, left M1or2 in labial ( 3) and occlusal ( 4) views. 5-7, CBI-1-557, left p2 in lingual ( 5), labial ( 6) and occlusal ( 7) views. 8-10, CBI-1-558, right m1 in lingual ( 8), labial ( 9) and occlusal ( 10) views. 11-13, CBI-1-559, left m3 in lingual ( 11), labial ( 12) and occlusal ( 13) views. Scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 4. Parvavorodon gheerbranti Solé et al., 2014b from Chambi CBI-1 (Tunisia). 1-6, CBI-1-613, left dentary bearing dp4, m1, alveoli of dp3 and m2, and distal alveolus of dp2? in labial ( 1) occlusal ( 2), occlusal based on a CT-scan reconstruction ( 3), occlusal close-up ( 4), labial close-up ( 5) and lingual close-up ( 6) views. The black arrows on 2 indicate the two foramina related to the eruption of the permanent teeth (see text). Scale bar equals 2 mm.

FIGURE 5. CT-scan reconstruction of Parvavorodon gheerbranti Solé et al., 2014b from Chambi CBI-1 (Tunisia); CBI-1-613, left dentary bearing dp4, m1, alveoli of dp3 and m2, and distal alveolus of dp2?. 1, occlusal view; 2, parasagittal slice showing the roots of the dp4 and m1. Note the absence of germ below dp3 and dp4. Scale bar equal 2 mm.

FIGURE 6. Hyainailourinae indet. from Bir el Ater (Algeria). 1-2, UON 84-359, left P3 in occlusal ( 1) and labial ( 2) views. Scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 7. Masrasector cf. ligabuei from Bir el Ater (Algeria). 1-2, UON 84-360, right M1or2 in occlusal (1) and labial ( 2) views. 3-4, UON 84-361, right M3 in lingual ( 3) and occlusal ( 4) views. 5-7, UON 84-397, right p3 in occlusal ( 5), lingual ( 6) and labial ( 7) views. Scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 8. Teratodontinae indet. 1 from Chambi CBI-1 (Tunisia). 1-2, CBI-1-614, right P4 in occlusal ( 1) and labial ( 2) views. Scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 9. 1, geographic distribution of the Faunal Assemblages (see text). 2, stratigraphic distribution of Tinerhodon and hyaenodont subfamilies in Africa during Paleocene and Eocene, and of the faunal assemblages regarding the main climatic events and mammal appearances. Note the gap in the fossil record of the Koholiinae. Abbreviations: Barton.= Bartonian; EECO: Early Eocene Climatic Optimum; MECO: Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum; PETM: Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum; Priabon.= Priabonian; Seland.= Selandian; Thanet.= Thanetian.